• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.429-432
• /
• 2008

Drug delivery systems (DDS) have entered mainstream in the pharmaceutical industry in the recent years. Major pharmaceutical companies as well as small or medium-sized biotechnology companies are developing various DDS-based products. We have established Drug Delivery System Company Database, which is an online searchable database of companies that develop DDS-based products and technologies or supply formulations and/or materials. Company summary, products and key technologies are listed in the database. DDS technology fields also include administration routes and indications of drugs. DDS terminologies, Statistical analysis, Useful Links, Glossary and Comments pages are also provided.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.421-430
• /
• 2017

In this study, a model was developed to predict for Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) generated in water supply networks and consumer premises, before and after the introduction of advanced water purification facilities. Based on two-way ANOVA, which was carried out to statistically verify the water quality difference in the water supply network according to introduce the advanced water treatment process. The water quality before and after advanced water purification was shown to have a statistically significant difference. A multiple regression model was developed to predict the concentration of DBPs in consumer premises before and after the introduction of advanced water purification facilities. The prediction model developed for the concentration of DBPs accurately simulated the actual measurements, as its coefficients of correlation with the actual measurements were all 0.88 or higher. In addition, the prediction for the period not used in the model development to verify the developed model also showed coefficients of correlation with the actual measurements of 0.96 or higher. As the prediction model developed in this study has an advantage in that the variables that compose the model are relatively simple when compared with those of models developed in previous studies, it is considered highly usable for further study and field application. The methodology proposed in this study and the study findings can be used to meet the level of consumer requirement related to DBPs and to analyze and set the service level when establishing a master plan for development of water supply, and a water supply facility asset management plan.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.35 no.2_spc
• /
• pp.347-355
• /
• 2022

Among edible insects, black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), and common housefly (Musca domestica) have been considered as an alternative protein source for pigs. Because they are easy to breed and grow in the organic wastes, and they have well-balanced nutritional value as a protein source for pigs. The black soldier fly larvae and mealworm could replace the fish meal in the diets for weaned pigs without adverse effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Black soldier fly could also be included in the finishing pig's diet without any negative effects on the growth performance and pork quality of the market pigs. Insect products showed a greater standardized ileal digestibility value of amino acids than conventional animal proteins in growing pigs. Due to the limited amount of insect products used for pig feeding study, most previous pig studies have been conducted in weaned pigs. Thus, further study is needed about the optimal inclusion level of insect products in every phase diet from weaned pigs to sows. The use of insect products in swine diets has some challenges in terms of cost, supply, and safety. Lastly, intrinsic differences among insect species, processing method, and feeding phase should be taken into consideration for the use of insect products in the swine diets.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 2012

The scheduling problem of large products like ships, airplanes, space shuttles, assembled constructions, and automobiles is very complex in nature. To reduce inherent computational complexity, we often design scheduling systems that the original problem is decomposed into small sub-problems, which are scheduled independently and integrated into the original one. Moreover, the steep growth of communication technology and logistics makes it possible to produce a lot of multi-nation corporation by which products are produced across more than one plant. Therefore vertical and lateral coordination among decomposed scheduling systems is necessary. In this research, we suggest an agent-based coordinating mechanism for multi-level scheduling systems in supply chain. For design of a general coordination mechanism, at first, we propose a grammar to define individual scheduling agents which are responsible to their own plants, and a meta-level coordination agent which is engaged to supervise individual scheduling agents. Second, we suggest scheduling agent communication protocols for each scheduling agent topology which is classified according to the system architecture, existence of coordinator, and direction of coordination. We also suggest a scheduling agent communication language which consists of three layers : Agent Communication Layer, Scheduling Coordination Layer, Industry-specific Layer. Finally, in order to improve the efficiency of communication among scheduling agents we suggest a rough capacity coordination model which supports to monitor participating agents and analyze the status of them. With this coordination mechanism, we can easily model coordination processes of multiple scheduling systems. In the future, we will apply this mechanism to shipbuilding domain and develop a prototype system which consists of a dock-scheduling agent, four assembly-plant-scheduling agents, and a meta-level coordination agent. A series of experiment using the real-world data will be performed to examine this mechanism.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.67-82
• /
• 2017

The study intends to examine the effects of the fishing license system on fisheries resources in order to reduce the adverse effects of recreational fishing, such as fishery resource reduction and environmental pollution. In doing so, the research question of the study is to determine what factors influence anglers' willingness to support fishing licenses. Based on the extended theory of planned behavior, we further included explanatory variables such as recreation specialization and motivations besides anglers' attitudes, norms and self-efficacy towards the environment and proposed six research hypotheses. The data were collected through on-site and online surveys in Gwangju and Cheonnam province and a total of 337 effective questionnaires were collected for data analysis. Three different binary logit models were employed with the dependent variable of anglers'willingness to support fishing licenses to assess the effects of explanatory variables. Study results show that social norms, the level of recreation specialization, motivation factors related to environmental experiences positively affected anglers'willingness to support fishing licenses. However, anglers'consumptive orientation attitudes such as catching big fish, motivation factors related to activity general experience preferences and previous fishing experience had negative effects on the dependent variables. Study results indicate that public outreach and education programs are essential to successfully introduce the fishing license system. Managerial and policy-related implications are further discussed to make recreational fishing a more environment-friendly recreational activity. This study investigated the effects of diverse variables derived from anglers' social-psychological characteristics on their support for fishing licenses and suggest diverse policy-related and managerial implications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
• /
• 2005.12a
• /
• pp.103-114
• /
• 2005

Chlorine disinfection has been used in drinking water supply to disinfect the water-borne microbial disease which may cause to serious human disease. As Chlorination is still the least costly, relatively easy to use, chlorination is the primary means to disinfect portable water supplies and control bacterial growth in the distribution system. However, chlorine also reacts with natural organic matter (NOM), which presents in nearly all water sources, and then produces disinfection by-product (DBps), which may have adverse health effects. Although the existent DBPs have been reported in drinking water supplies, it is not feasible to predict the levels of the various DBPs due to the complex chemistry reaction involved. The objectives of this study were to investigate seasonal variation of DBPs formation and difference of DBPs concentration in the plant to tap water. The average concentration of THMs was 20.04 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$, HAAs 8-15 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$, HANs 2-4.5 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$ respectively. Distant variation of DBPs formation is that THMs concentration increase by 17% at 2 km point from the plant and by 28% at 7 km and HAAs, HANs also increase each by 16%, 32%, at 2 km from the plant and 35%, 56%, at 7 km. DBPs increase in water supply pipe continually. The seasonal occurrence of DBPs is that in May and August DBPs concentration is very high then in March, in May DBPs concentration is highest. The temperature is main factor of DBPs formation, precursor also. Precursor which was accumulated for winter flowed into the raw water by flooding in spring and summer and produced DBPs. Therefore for the supply of secure drinking water, it is required to protect precursor of flowing into raw water and to add to BCAA and DBAA to drinking water standards.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.61-75
• /
• 2022

The first purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of pork traceability data, which is monthly time-series data, and to draw implications with regard to its usefulness. The second purpose is to construct a dynamic ecological equation model (DEEM) that reflects the biological characteristics at each growth stage, such as pregnancy, birth and growth, and the slaughter of pigs, using traceability data. With the monthly pig model devised in this study, it is expected that the number of slaughtered animals (supply) that can be shipped in the future is predictable and that policy simulations are possible. However, this study was limited to traceability data and focused only on building a supply-side model. As a result of verifying the traceability data, it was found that approximately 6% of farms produce by mixing great grand parent (GGP), grand parent (GP), parent stock (PS), and artificial insemination (AI), meaning that it is necessary to separate them by business type. However, the analysis also showed that the coefficient values estimated by constructing an equation for each growth stage were consistent with the pig growth outcomes. Also, the model predictive power test was excellent. For this reason, it is judged that the model design and traceability data constructed with the cohort and the dynamic ecological equation model system considering biological growth and shipment times are excellent. Finally, the model constructed in this study is expected to be used as basic data to inform producers in their decision-making activities and to help with governmental policy directions with regard to supply and demand. Research on the demand side is left for future researchers.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.18-29
• /
• 2021

Platinum group metals (PGMs) are used in a wide range of application fields such as catalysts, electronic devices, electrodes, electrical devices, fuel cells and high temperature materials due to their excellent electrical and thermal conductivity as well as chemical resistivity. Platinum group elements are generally associated with nickel-copper sulfides in magmatic rocks. Depending on the relative concentrations of the PGMs, they are produced either as the primary products or as by-products of the nickel and copper. However, PGMs natural resource deposits are strictly limited in countries such as South Africa and Russia. The annual supply of PGMs is only under 500 t. Considering the limited supply of PGMs, there will be a noticeable increase in the supply risk associated with PGMs in the near future. Therefore, it is extremely important to recover PGMs from secondary resources such as spent catalysts. This paper reviews on overview of PGMs extraction and recycling processes.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.261-272
• /
• 2008

The primary research objects of this study is to evaluate an importance of supplier selection factors as an index according the level of product standardization and to present the evaluation model for supplier selection. For this purpose, this study adopts the AHP method to calculate the importance of supplier selection factors. In this study 16 factors which affect on the supplier selection decision making are classified into three factors-product supply related factor, product related factor, management ability related factor. Results also indicate that standardized products are much more dealt by means of on-line compare to customized products. It means the buyer opportunities is potentially an increase in the amount of current supplier re-evaluation, which may lead to new suppliers being considered more often.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.43-65
• /
• 2014

In this paper, we test for allocative efficiency of productive inputs including electricity and measure the divergence between the actual and optimal level of electricity for the chemical products, which is a relatively highly electricity-intensive sector in Korean manufacturing industries, by estimating a shadow cost function. Supposing cost minimization subject to market prices was achieved, we derive the price elasticities of demand for each input and simulate the impact of a 10% increase in power rate on its demand and supply price by estimating jointly a cost function with an inverse supply relation. The null hypothesis of allocative efficiency of inputs is rejected over the period 1982-2006. On average, electricity is used more than optimal level by 98% per year. The demand for electricity decreases by 11.4%, and supply price, on average, falls by 0.08%, other things being equal.