• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 1977

Nutrition counselors in Korea often encounter difficulty in their attempt to change village women's attitudes regarding food taboos which are counter to good eating habits. There are a great many food superstitions which are not due to religious influence, but seem to be related to shape and composition of food. Many expectant mothers superstitiously avoid eating certain foods for fear that they may cause mental or physical abnormality in their babies. As was shown in a previous survey (Mo, 1966)of villages in all provinces except Jeju Island, such superstitions were common among pregnant and lactating mothers. Many food taboos and superstitions based on non-scientific and irrational ideas do exist even in modern society, and are a major obstacle to nutritionally adequate food consumption. A study of food taboos among women of Jeju Island was undertaken from November to December of 1976, these results to be compared as well with those of the previous study. There were 73 items found to be prohibited during pregnancy. Of these, 48.7% were of the deaf group, 17.4% fish, 5.5% eggs, 4.7% cereal, and only 2.2% fruit. Of 252% women respondents, 111 (45% ) abstained from eating chicken, duck, and shark because of the belief that they would cause their babies to be born with gooseflesh or shark skin. Many of them avoided rabbit meat for fear that their babies might be born with harelip. It was also feared that a baby would become disfigured if his mother ate duck, goat, dog meat, chicken or duck eggs, or soup made of bones. A common superstition was that highly spiced or salty foods would cause the fetus to be hairless. Squid and octopus were believed to cause babies to have weak bones, or none at all. Most of these food taboos were associated with fears concerning Physical structure and appearance of unborn babies. Other taboos were associated with fear of undesirable behavioral characteristics. For example, some mothers thought that a baby would pinch or bite the mother's breast during the weaning period, if crab meat were eaten during pregnancy. Unevenly sliced rice cake, loach, snake meat and eel were also believed to cause a baby to be ill-tempered. The findings of this study are remarkably similar to those of the previous study conducted by the authour in 1966. Most of the same food taboos, based on non-scientific and irrational reasons, were found on Jeju Island as on the peninsula, and thor were similarly wide-spread. The results of correlational analysis show that the most significant factors related to prevalence of food taboos, are level of education and religious background. Number of food taboos is correlated with level of education. Also, food taboos are least freqent among the Christian woman. Proper nutrition education should he undertaken in order to encourage intake of protein-rich food, particularly during pregnancy when nutritional needs of mother and fetus are great.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual situation of residents' participation in rural development projects, to identify their performance and problems, and suggest ways to develop desirable villages in rural areas. From reviewing relevant pre-studies, this study was done by interview, questionnaire, and observation targeting 140 leaders and residents of exampled village of the project in Jeollanam-do, as well as by listening opinions of relative experts. This study is largely classified into 4 parts, review of character and appearing background of village development project, review of theoretical discussion about residents' participation, evaluation of accomplishments and analysis of participation, and establishing a model for habitants-participating village development project and how to improve it. As a result of questionnaire, it was found urgent for habitants to convert their thinking about village development and their participation in it, to realize a model of this project, as well as political stimulus to promote that. Therefore, measures must be required to improve current village development projects and to promote them. First of all, a preparation period is required to sufficiently provide the village where habitants are willing to participate in, from the state of place selection. Besides, it is required to run away from profit-making businesses aiming at foreign people, to improvement of residents' welfare in a long term, and enhanced resources management in a broad view. Waste of working expenses seems to be solved through direct operation by a corporation in charge of profit-making businesses, under superstition of residents' community. Finally conclusion, expansion and practicalization of education to residents are essential, to promote their participation in rural development projects. Especially it must be practical education for habitants such as 'community-ship' or 'technology education in each interesting part,' rather than tour of other villages and unilateral lectures from experts. Along with this, a long term plan and systematic participation is more essential. Since planning itself can be mutual learning to enhance residents' capacity, a chance must be established to discuss and plan each part including resources-research, by making them participate in.

• 과학기술학연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.159-183
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• 2012

우리의 현실에 부합하는 과학문화를 창출하기 위해서는 과학기술의 외래성을 극복하고 전통과의 단절을 넘어설 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 전통과학의 대표적인 분야인 천문학을 통해 우리 전통과학의 특징을 이해하고 바람직한 과학문화 형성의 가능성을 모색하고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 고대 문명에서 처음 등장하는 천문학의 일반적인 특징을 살펴서 전통 천문학에는 과학의 한 분야로서 천문학적 지식과 함께 여러 문명마다 각기 다른 고유한 문화적 요소가 들어있다는 점에 주목한다. 천문학의 여러 세부 분야 중에서 사람들의 실생활과 밀접하게 연관되어 있으며 문화적 차이를 잘 드러내 주는 것은 시간의 과학이라고 할 수 있는 달력과 역법이다. 모든 고대 문명에서 해와 달의 운행을 기준으로 삼아 시간을 표현했지만, 시간을 구체적으로 어떤 방식으로 표현할 것인가 하는 문제는 각각의 문화마다 서로 달랐다. 그 결과 달력에서 음력과 양력 그리고 음력과 양력의 특성을 모두 가지고 있는 태음태양력 체계가 나타났다. 우리나라를 비롯한 동아시아에서는 태음태양력을 사용했는데, 동아시아에서 달력은 서양 세계와는 달리 복잡하고 정교한 천문학적 작업인 역법에서 도출된 것이다. 한편, 민간생활을 잘 보여주는 세시풍속에서도 태음태양력의 특징을 분명하게 찾을 수 있지만, 또한 세시풍속에는 이른바 미신적인 내용이 많이 들어 있기도 하다. 이런 점 때문에 우리의 달력 체계를 비과학적인 것이라고 오해하거나 나아가 전통과학 전반에 대해 과학적인 측면이 결여되어 있다고 의심하기 쉽다. 하지만 동아시아의 달력과 역법을 제대로 이해함으로써 우리 전통 속에 과학적인 측면이 분명하게 존재했다는 점을 확인할 수 있으며, 이것이 오늘날 과학기술의 외래성을 극복하고 전통과의 연결점을 찾을 수 있는 고리가 될 것이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.139-149
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• 1999

It is very important to establish precisely the historical phases of nursing. We nurses should try to acquire the central social position in the health management system in the near the future, the 21st Century. Therefore my treatise aims to orient the desirable phases of the history of nursing through the feministic survey of the history of nursing from the post medieval epoche to the modern epoche. During the time of the renaissance which gave morning light to the modern epoche, the antique Athenian thinking of sex was again revived. Athenian excluded the women from the public and autonomous regions. All the medical activity, once dominated by the women, was misfortunately regarded as superstition acted by witches. Accordingly, the nursing women were to hunted as witches. In short, in the early modern epoche, women began to be excluded from the history of medical activities. In the middle modern epoche characterized by the enlightenment movement and early capital economic system, capitalistic patriarchal system began to be formed by change in the economic system. The status of women began to be greatly dropped below by the social distinction of the private dimension of home and the Public dimension of job. The woman was deprived of even the occasion to get the official license of medicine and medical institutions were handed to the state or the powerful and rich merchants. Accordingly, nursing acted mainly in the nunnery as the total approach to the patients was destructed wholly and transformed into the means of earning the money. Therefore unprepared low class -women began to engage in nursing only for the money. From then on, nursing activity was tunneled through the dark age for 200 years. In the late modern epoche characterized by the contrast of the accumulated vast capital by industrialization and vast poverty of the peoples, feminism began to float over the surface for the acquisition of equality of men and women from England. A feminist, Nightingale insisted that the women as nurses should be responsible for the healthy life of man. She tried the professional nursing education for women. Accordingly she not only contributed to the intellectual progress of women but also inspired in women the consciousness of the professional job. She tried to realize the ideal of at-that-time-feminists by engaging in nursing all through life. She really paved the road to contemporary nursing. In the near the future, I will write to describe how the late modern epoche nursing has fallen into the dilemma through the 1st and 2nd world wars and matured capitalism and to consider contemporary nursing with the status of women. All these papers aim to give proper recognition of nursing and right orientation of the future 21st Century nursing.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제42권
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• pp.393-418
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• 2016

스페인의 18세기 극작가 비센떼 가르시아 델 라 우에르따의 대표작 "라?"은 상연 당시 커다란 흥행 성공과 대중적 인기를 얻은 연극으로, 당시의 주된 미학적 조류였던 신고전주의의 규범을 충실하게 따른 가장 이상적인 극작품으로 여러 학자와 비평가들에 의해 평가되어져 왔다. 그러나 이 연극의 대중적 성공을 가능케 한 요인은 삼단일성의 원칙이라든지 희극적 인물의 배제 등과 같은 신고전주의의 외적 규범에 대한 준수에 있었던 게 아니라, 여전히 이전 시대의 바로크 연극적 성향에 열광하고 있었던 당시의 스페인 관객들의 독특한 경향과 기호에 맞도록 그 주제나 내용을 전통극에 맞도록 조화시켰던 데에 있었다. 즉, 당시의 스페인 관객은 자신들 고유의 극적 취향과는 무관하게 이전 시대의 바로크적 연극을 미신과 비이성, 비논리와 무질서로 가득 찬 연극으로 간주하며 이러한 연극에 열광하는 자신들을 일방적으로 계몽하려는 신고전주의자들의 연극을 철저히 외면하였던 것이다. 이와 같은 상황에서 신고전주의 비극과 스페인 연극적 전통의 조화를 이루어낸 우에르따의 비극 "라?"은 극적 성공에 대중의 지지와 후원이 얼마나 중요한 것인지를 잘 알려주는 극작품이라 할 수 있겠다. "라?"에 나타난 전통극적 요소로는 크게 명예, 시적 정의, 그리고 사랑으로 요약될 수 있는데, 이 요소들은 공히 스페인의 바로크 연극 전체를 관통하는 주요한 극적 코드들인 것이다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제108권3호
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• pp.372-381
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• 2019

조선거수노수명목지는 조선총독부가 조선의 신목을 왜곡하기 위해 만든 자료라는 가설을 세우고 이를 증명하기 위해 연구하였다. 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째 조선거수노수명목지에는 64개 수종 3,170본의 목록이 기록되어 있다. 노거수에 신적 요소 고사 전설이 있으면 신목, 고사적 요소 고사 전설이 있으면 명목으로 분류되어 있다. 본수가 가장 많은 느티나무로부터 8번째로 많은 전나무까지 8수종 2,632본을 분석대상으로 하였다. 8개 수종별 신목과 명목의 평균 직경, 평균 수고, 평균 수령을 산출하였다. 8개 수종 중 7개 수종에서 명목의 직경과 수령이 신목보다 크고, 6개 수종에서 명목의 수고가 신목보다 컸다. 신목이 명목보다 왜소하고 볼품없는 크기의 나무라는 이 상식에 반하는 사실이 조선거수노수명목지에 기록되어 있음이 확인되었다. 본 고의 가설은 위의 사실 확인으로 증명되었다. 둘째 조선총독부는 신목을 중심으로 행해지는 동제를 미신으로 타파하는 시책을 추진하였다. 신목이 작고 볼품없어야 미신이라고 주장하기 좋았을 것이다. 조선 신목의 신성성을 폄하하기 위한 설명자료 또는 증거자료로 조선거수노수명목지를 작성한 것이다. 셋째 조선의 신목이 명목보다 작고 왜소하다는 날조된 내용을 사실인양 쉽게 설명할 수 있도록 조선거수노수명목지를 흉고직경순으로 편찬한 것이다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1984

The student's attitude toward science is generally influenced by their teachers. Therefore, teachers' positive attitudes toward science and science teaching play an important role to change the student's attitude toward science. The purpose of this survey is to investigate the status on attitudes toward science and science teaching among the secondary school science teachers in Korea. The attitudes were surveyed by the questionnaire which was developed by Sung-Jae Pak. The instrument is designed to use Likert type scale and is composed of two kinds of scale: one is the attitudes toward science scale (the AT scale) and the other is the attitudes toward science teaching scale (the AT Kale), which contains 24 questions respectively. Each of them has 6 sub-level areas. The six areas of attitude toward science are as follow: The goals and values, process and method of science, knowledge and the view of nature, social and cultural aspects, scientist and a career in science, the preferences and willingness. The six areas of attitude toward science teaching are as follow: The goals and values, process and method of science teaching, the content and structure, social and cultural aspects, science educator and a career in science teaching, satisfaction and willingness. From 152 teachers' responses, the tendency of total as well as each area and the contrast of their backgrounds at the level of 5% significance were analyzed by SPSS computer program. Some results and conclusion of the study are as follow: 1. The overall attitude of the measured secondary school science teachers shows a positive trend tendency. Also total positive attitude toward science teaching are slightly higher than that of science, which support the fact that the teachers are not scientists but they are directly involved in teaching of science. 2. The attitudes toward science are moderately correlated to the attitudes toward science teaching (r=0.52). 3. The areas of knowledge, nature-view and tile area of social aspects of science show a very negative tendency. Also the two areas are not correlated to some other areal at the level at 5% significance. 4. Female science teachers exhibit just a little more positive attitudes than those of male teachers in science teaching. 5. The science teachers who wanted to have a profession of scholar or educator exhibit a little more positive attitudes than others in science and total attitudes (AS+AT). 6. The more the science teachers have "intellectual delights" the more their attitudes toward science and science teaching are positive. 7. At the level of 5% significance, there are differences which college they graduated from, but there are no differences in multiple comparison at 10% level. 8. The differences in their background dose not appear in such as age; teaching career; academic career; deny the superstition; their onlook for the scientist or educator when they were freshmen; major the basic science; opinions about the U.F.O. and the origin of life. 9. The responses of certain individual statement are quite different from the overall tendencies, which strongly suggest the de1ailed analysis and deeper study. For the continuing study, it is recommendable to revile the measuring tools with the theoretical study for the better validity and reliability, and investigate the status of the attitudes toward science and science teaching among the science teachers with sufficient samples.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.85-94
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• 1970

This is a study of 21 tuberculosis patients receiving medical treatment at the Public Health Center in Kyongi Do, Pu Chun Gun and at the General Hospital. The results cover the findings of the period from May, 1969 to November 1970. The information obtained is based on personal interviews with the patients, and symptomatic diagnosis made from observations. The following statistics when not equalling 100% contain only the responses of the two extremes in each case. The findings of the research are as follows: 1. 52.3% of the patients in the study are males and 47.7% are females. 28.6% of the subjects are between 20 and 29 years of age and an equal percent are between 30 and 39 years. 2. 47.5% of the subjects had graduated from primary school, while only 4.8% had graduated from high school. 3. 57.1% of the patients said they had no religions beliefs, while 4.8% professed to being Buddhists or believing in superstition. 4. 47.3% of the people said they were unemployed, while 4.8% classified themselves as labourers. 5. In response to how tuberculosis was first detected in their respective cases, 52.6% became aware of their disease through X-ray results, while 4.8% were discovered to have tuberculosis when being treated for other diseases at the hospital. 6. When asked how many of the patients knew anything about their disease when treated, 57.1% knew nothing about tuberculosis when they received treatment, while 42.9% had some knowledge of the disease. 7. Of those who knew something about tuberculosis, 61.9% learned about from doctors and nurses, while 4.8% learned from other people. 8. 57.1% of the patients knew that tuberculosis is a communicable disease, while 42.9% did not know. 9. 52.4% of the patients did not know the cause of tuberculosis while 4.9% believed the disease was caused by a curse. 10. When asked about the extent of treatment, 52.4% responded that they had undergone continuous treatment, while 4.8% had not received treatment. 11.The reasons given for not continuing treatment were the following: economic factors 55.6%; side reactions to the treatment, lack of knowledge of how to get treatment, of the need for treatment, or of the positive effects of treatment 11.1%. 12. 61.9% of the subjects usually took the medical treatment at home, 9.5% took it in the mountains or at the beach. 13. 42.9% of the patients received drugs for treatment at the local public health center, while 4.8% received them at the hospital 14. 33.3% of the patients received P.A.S＋I.N.H.＋S.M. for treatment of tuberculosis, while 4.8% received P.A.S.＋S.M.. and some secondary drug. 15. Of the patients who took some extra medicine for tuberculosis, 38.1% took a Chinese drug, while 9.5% took herb medicine. 16. 38.1% of the patients had continued treatment for three years, 4.8% had interrupted the treatment. 17. When asked about the development of the disease after treatment, the patients gave the following information: after one month, 90.5% thought the treatment helped, while 9.5% weren't sure; after one year, 55.6% thought it was good, while 5.5% thought it was not; after three years, 63.6% had a very bad condition. while 4.8% didn't know. 18. 61.9% of the patients were unconcerned about covering their mouths when they coughed, while 38.1% covered their mouths. 19. 57.2% were unconcerned they spit, while 23.8% spit into a waste basket. 20. 66.7% were unconcerned about sterilizing tableware, while 9.5% handled it separately. 21. 66.7% were unconcerned about ventilating their room, while 9.5% ventilated the room twice a week.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.9-44
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• 1993

An explorative and descriptive study in order to determine the effect of family structure and other socio-demographic variables on health behavior, belief, locus, and value and utilization of public health service was carried out. Data were collected from 1,653 subjects randomly sampled in three areas, Seoul, Kyunggi province, and Cheju province. From Seoul 849 subjects were selected, 397 subjects Kyunggi, and 407 subjects from Cheju, respectively. Self-reporting questionaires were administered during the period from March to June, 1992. The major findings were as follows: 1) The subjects visited herb-doctor's at irregular intervals mainly to have tonic medicine prepared. They preferred herb-doctor's rather than with doctors at clinics and hospitals. Statistically significant difference was found among the regions studied (p<0.05). 2) The reason for visiting hospitals was primarily for treatment of diseases. They preferred hospital because they felt that the hospitals offer much highly reliable treatment services as well as medical accessibility. For the purpose of hospital utilization, statistically significant differences existed among sex, educational level, family type and region. However, no significance was found among sex, educational level, and region (p<0.05). 3) The subjects utilized general hospitals mainly for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. They preferred general hospitals because of their much better facilities and reliability. Statistical significance was found among sex, educational level, and region (p<0.05). 4) The subjects visited dentist at irregular intervals basis. They visited once half a year or three to four months. their purpose of visit was mainly for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Statistical significance differences were found among educational level, region and economic standard (p<0.05). 5) Whenever their illnesses were mild and the pharmacies was located in nearby they visited to pharmacies. They visited once a month and patient medicines. Statistically significant differences were found among sex, educational level and region (p<0.05). 6) The subjects believed that herb medicine was quite efficacious for treatment of some diseases, particularly by information handed down through time-honored tradition and experience. However, they recognized that the efficacy of folk medicine can vary with type and severity of diseases. Statistical significance was among sex, educational level, region and economic standard (p<0.05). 7) The reason why subjects believed that pray and superstition are effective for treatment of certain type of diseases, particularly in neuropathy, was the belief in God's almighty. Statistically significant differences were found among sex, educational level, regions and economic standard (p<0.05). 8) Most of subjects under same condition preferred western medicine because they believed that it is more scientific and prompts in showing therapeutic effect. Statistical significance was not found in the choice of type of public health service among, regions. But significant differences were found among sex, educational level and region (p<0.05). 9) The subjects looked for pharmacy if they thought the symptom was mild. However, they visited hospitals for chronic disease and general hospitals for emergency treatment. Statistical significances were found among educational level, region and economic standard (p<0.05). 10) Although most of students wanted to have a healthy life as for the component of health standard and value, they think that they are not healthy (p<0.05). As for the health behavior, significant difference was found in the proportion of smoking and drinking between educational level and region (p<0.05). The health locus was affected by educational level, and health behavior was influenced by region, sex and educational level. The utilization of type of public health service was influenced by family type and region, and health belief by region and educational level, and the health values by region and economic standard respectively, most of correlation showed statistical significance. Among them, the highest correlation was seen between locus of control and external/internal locus of control, which is quite obvious. The correlation between health belief and behavior was the next highest, but still low (0.343). All the other variables are low but significant except only a few of those. These findings indicate that health education should be incorporated into the curriculum so as to develop desirable health habit, and ability of self-control in accordance with their growth stages. A systematic and scientific understanding on the herb/folk medicine is needed, and greater reliability of the utilization of public health services are is still required. Health policy for equal distribution of health service throughout the country along the hierarchical health service system and complementary mutual assistance and cooperation among various health organizations are also required.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권41호
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• pp.553-578
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• 2015

20세기 한국사회는 일제의 침략에 따라 강제로 병합되었으며, 일제의 식민정책에 따라 한국의 전통문화가 심하게 훼손되었다. 광복 이후 한국사회는 한국전쟁으로 급격한 사회적 변화를 맞이하였고, 근대화와 민주화를 통해 산업경제와 민주주의제도가 발전하였다. 그러나 한국사회가 산업경제와 민주주의가 발전하면 할수록 한국의 전통문화가 더 심하게 해체되었다. 20세기 중후반 포스트모더니즘 사상이 도래하면서 기존 서구사회 중심에 대한 비판과 비서구권 및 제3세계의 문화적 정체성이 강조되면서 국제사회에서는 획일적인 문화적 가치보다는 다양한 국가와 민족의 문화가 서로 교류하기를 추구했다. 그동안 한국의 문화적 정체성이 해체되고 있었다면, 이제는 반대로 한국의 문화적 정체성을 되찾을 필요가 있었다. 한국의 문화적 정체성을 되찾기 위해 한국의 역사, 언어, 예술, 건축, 문학 등 다양한 분야를 연구했으나, 한국의 신화에 대해서는 깊이 다루지는 않았다. 근대화 이후 한국의 신화는 미신으로 여기거나 미개한 것으로 취급당했기 때문이다. 신화는 어느 특정한 지역에 살고 있는 인간들의 무의식적인 집단 심리를 보여준다. 한국 신화를 연구하는 것은 한국인 문화적 정체성을 새롭게 찾을 수 있는 방법 중에 하나이다. 한국의 신화가 많은 사람들에게 알리기 위해서는 신화가 가지고 있는 이야기를 매체로 전달해야 할 것이다. 기존 한국 신화를 소재로 제작된 것으로 영화, 연극, 드라마, 소설 등이 대중문화로 소개되었으나, 최근 만화, 애니메이션, 웹툰, 게임, 라이트노벨 등과 같은 서브컬처 콘텐츠에서 등장하고 있다. PC, 인터넷, 스마트폰의 보급에 따른 게임 및 웹툰 이용자들이 증가했으며, 서브컬처 콘텐츠 시장규모 증가는 만화, 애니메이션, 라이트노벨 이용자들을 증가시켰다. 서브컬처 콘텐츠가 한국 신화를 소재로 제작되면서 서브컬처 콘텐츠 이용자들은 한국 신화에 대하여 관심과 흥미를 가지게 되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 한국 신화를 소재로 만든 서브컬처 콘텐츠에 등장하는 한국 신화와 그 의미에 대하여 연구하였다.