• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.565-573
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• 2004

This study is to present explicit analytical expressions for calculating bearing capacity factor $N_{\gamma}$, to provide results of the numerical computation instead of the graphical method. In this study, $N_{\gamma}$ is proposed in the critical failure surface on assumption that the center of log spiral in the radial shear zone can be located at the any points of around footing. The critical failure surface is one which yields minimum passive pressure $P_{\gamma}$ on the radial shear zone from the family of log spirals accoding to change of the center of log spiral. This study adoptes Terzaghi's bearing capacity principle(e.g., Prandtl's mechanism, limit equilibrium equation, superposition principle) but the soil wedge in an elastic zone makes angle $45^{\circ}+{\phi}/2$ with the horizontal and the location of the log spiral's center.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1976

Some methods of analysis of rectangular plates under distributed load of various intensity with interior supports are presented herein. Analysis of many structures such as bottom, side shell, and deck plate of ship hull and flat slab, with or without internal supports, Floor systems of bridges, included crthotropic bridges is a problem of plate with elastic supports or continuous edges. When the four edges of rectangular plate is simply supported, the double Fourier series solution developed by Navier can represent an exact result of this problem. If two opposite edges are simply supported, Levy's method is available to give an "exact" solution. When the loading condition and supporting condition of a plate does not fall into these cases, no simple analytic method seems to be feasible. Analysis of a simply supported rectangular plate under irregularly distributed loads of various intensity with internal supports is carried out by applying Navier solution well as the "Principle of Superposition." Finite difference technique is used to solve plates under irregularly distributed loads of various intensity with internal supports and with various boundary conditions. When finite difference technique is applied to the Lagrange's plate bending equation, any of fourth order derivative term in this equation produces at least five pivotal points leading to some troubles when the resulting linear algebraic equations are to be solved. This problem was solved by reducing the order of the derivatives to two: the fourth order partial differential equation with one dependent variable, namely deflection, is changed to an equivalent pair of second order partial differential equations with two dependent variables. Finite difference technique is then applied to transform these equations to a set of simultaneous linear algebraic equations. Principle of Superposition is then applied to handle the problems caused by concentrated loads and interior supports. This method can be used for the cases of plates under irregularly distributed loads of various intensity with arbitrary conditions such as elastic supports, or continuous edges with or without interior supports, and this method can also be solve the influence values of deflection, moment and etc. at arbitrary position of plates under the live load.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.201-215
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• 2019

A new approach of analyzing the displacements and stress of the surrounding rock for shallow tunnels excavated under non-axisymmetric displacement boundary conditions on a vertical surface is investigated in this study. In the proposed approach, by using a virtual image technique, the shear stress of the vertical ground surface is revised to be zero, and elastic solutions of the surrounding rock are obtained before stress revision. To revise the vertical normal stress and shear stress of horizontal ground surface generated by the combined action of the actual and image sinks, the harmonic functions and corresponding stress function solutions were adopted. Based on the Boussinesq's solutions and integral method, the horizontal normal stress of the vertical ground surface is revised to be zero. Based on the linear superposition principle, the final solution of the displacements and stress were proposed by superimposing the solutions obtained by the virtual image technique and the stress revision on the horizontal and vertical ground surfaces. Furthermore, the ground settlements and lateral displacements of the horizontal and vertical ground surfaces are derived by the proposed approach. The proposed approach was well verified by comparing with the numerical method. The discussion based on the proposed approach in the manuscript shows that smaller horizontal ground settlements will be induced by lower tunnel buried depths and smaller limb distances. The proposed approach for the displacement and stress of the surrounding rocks can provide some practical information about the surrounding rock stability analysis of shallow tunnels excavated under non-axisymmetric displacement boundary conditions on a vertical surface.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2019

Intermittent CSR 측정법을 이용하여 NBR 오링의 노화 거동과 수명 예측에 관하여 연구하였다. Intermittent CSR jig는 오링의 실제 사용 환경을 고려하여 설계 제작하였다. 오링의 노화 거동은 $40{\sim}120^{\circ}C$에서의 가속 노화 연구를 통하여 관찰하였다. 오링은 $80^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 비선형 노화 거동을 나타내었다. 오링의 수명은 고장 조건 20%에 대하여 Arrhenius plot으로부터 32.5년, WLF plot으로 부터 22.6년으로 나타났다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.90-94
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• 2008

Dynamic rheological properties of honey samples with 3 different moisture contents (17.2, 19.0, and 21.0%) were evaluated at various low temperatures (-15, -10, -5, and $0^{\circ}C$) using a controlled stress rheometer. The honey samples displayed a liquid-like behavior, with loss modulus (G") predominating over storage modulus (G') (G">>G'), showing the high dependence on frequency ($\omega$). The magnitudes of G' and G" decreased with an increase in temperature and water content while a predominant increase of G' was noticed at $-15^{\circ}C$. The time-temperature superposition (TTS) principle was applied to bring G" values for honeys at various temperatures together into a master curve. The G" over the temperature range of -15 to $0^{\circ}C$ obeyed the Arrhenius relationship with a high determination coefficient ($R^2=0.98-0.99$). Activation energy value (Ea=112.4 kJ/mol) of honey with a moisture content of 17.2% was higher than those (Ea=98.8-101.1 kJ/mol) of other honey samples with higher moisture contents.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2000년도 정기총회 및 특별심포지움
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• pp.112-131
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• 2000

2극법 전기비저항 탐사는 많은 장점이 있음에도 불구하고 물리검층과 아주 천부의 고고학적 조사를 제외하면 그다지 이용되지 않고 있다. 이는 2극법 전기비저항 탐사에 의한 측정치의 분해능이 다른 전극배열에 비해서, 특히 쌍극자 쌍극자법, 쌍극자 단극자법, 단극자${\cdot}$쌍극자법에 비해서 뒤떨어진다는 사실에 기인한다. 그러나 필자의 경험과 검토에 의하면 상기한 단점은 다음과 같이 보완될 수 있다. 잘 알려진 바와 같이, 여러 전극배열의 전기비저항 탐사에서 각각의 응답은 2극법 응답의 1 차 결합이므로, 여타 전극배열법의 응답은 2극법 응답의 단순한 조합에 의해서 도출할 수 있다. 잡음 때문에 이러한 사실을 실제 적용하기는 어렵다고 보고된 예가 있지만, 필자가 실제의 천부 탐사 자료를 검토해 보았을 때, 반드시 그렇지는 않다고 확신하게 되었다 즉 최종의 지질학적 해석을 내리기 전에, 2극법 자료에서 분해능이 향상된 자료를 도출하는 과정이 필요하고 유용하다는 의미가 된다. 이는 마치 자력탐사 또는 중력탐사에서 2 차 미분도에 의한 분해능 향상과 유사하다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1536-1544
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• 2018

The existing 24-pulse autotransformer rectifier unit (ATRU) needs interphase reactors for parallel work of the rectifier bridges, and its output voltage cannot be regulated. Aiming at these problems, a step-up and step-down asymmetrical 24-pulse ATRU is proposed in this paper. The connections and turns ratios among transformer windings are well designed. In addition, a 15-degree phase difference is formed between two of the 24 voltage vectors produced by the transformer, which makes the four rectifier bridge groups produce a 24-pulse DC voltage without interphase reactors. Meanwhile, by adding extended winding to each phase of the transformer, wide-range regulation of the ATRU output voltage can be realized, and the reasonable voltage regulation range is between 0.2 and 1.6. The superposition of the voltage vectors and the principle of the voltage regulation are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the turns ratio of the windings, winding current, output voltage, and kilovolt-ampere rating are all derived. Finally, the simulations and experiments are carried out, and the correctness of the principle and theoretical analysis of the new 24-pulse ATRU are verified.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.124-137
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• 2012

This study aims to identify the meaning and formation cause of a style, and the essential elements of style formation, through psychobiological research as well as an analysis of the designs of Iris Van Herpen, a fashion designer, who in just 6 years has developed into a world-renowned new designer. As a result, it has been found that the psychobiological causes to form a style stem from the action of 'long-term memory', which is consolidated by 'selective attention', 'perceptional subjectivity', the principle of the 'neuron's connection specificity and invariance', and the principle of a 'neuronal signal's unilateral flow'. With such action, Herpen could develop her own original composition techniques. The formative shapes created by such composition techniques are characterized by enumeration, superposition, and hanging. The study has also found that the essential elements for a designer to be able to form his/her own style include 'aesthetic originality' in which the designer views the property of a thing from his/her inherent perspective, and finds the uniqueness from the thing that only he/she can express, 'technical differences' that are creative and original, and 'formative specificity' that is summarized into one property through an impressive shape.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.263-271
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• 2010

간헐 CSR 측정법을 이용하여 FKM 오링의 노화 거동과 수명 예측에 관하여 연구하였다. Intermittent CSR 지그는 오링의 실제 사용환경을 고려하여 설계 제작하였다. 각 측정 조건에 따른 마찰 영향, 열 손실 영향 및 Mullins 효과에 의한 간헐 CSR의 응력 거동 변화를 관찰하였다. 오링의 노화 거동은 $60{\sim}160^{\circ}C$에서의 가속 노화 연구를 통하여 관찰하였다. 고온 영역($100{\sim}160^{\circ}C$)에서 오링은 선형 노화 거동을 나타내었으며, 아레니우스 관계를 만족시켰다. 이때의 활성화 에너지는 60.2 kJ/mol로 나타났다. 아레니우스 도식으로 부터, 오링의 예측 수명은 고장 조건 50%와 40%에 대하여 각각 43.3 년과 69.6 년으로 나타났다. 시간-온도 중첩 원리를 이용하여 $60^{\circ}C$에서의 노화 거동을 관찰하였으며, 실험 시간을 절약 할 수 있었다. $60{\sim}100^{\circ}C$의 저온 영역에서의 활성화 에너지는 48.3 kJ/mol로 감소하였다. WLF(William-Landel-Ferry) 도식을 통하여 FKM 오링은 $100^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 비선형 노화 거동을 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. 시간-온도 중첩 원리로부터, FKM 오링의 수명은 고장 조건 50%와 40%에 대하여 각각 19.1년과 25.2년으로 나타났다. 시간-온도 중첩 원리를 이용하여 예측한 오링의 수명이 아레니우스 관계에 의한 수명 보다 보수적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1032-1038
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• 2000

The stress field in the body by tangential loading of a rectangular patch on a semi-infinite solid has been solved analytically using potential function. The validity of result of this study was proved by Saint-Venant's principle in the remote region and in the vicinity of the surface with superposition of point loads.