• 한국초전도저온공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도저온공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.269-273
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• 2003

In this paper the HTS current lead for superconducting device is studied numerical method. The current lead is cooled by surrounded He gas by natural convection. To find wall heat flux, the linearization method is adopted Numerical results using natural convection cooling are compared with conventional cooling methods such as conduction cooling and vapor cooling. The results shows that the minimum heat dissipation is much smaller than conduction cooling. Also, the minimum heat dissipation is obtained for the non-zero gradient of temperature at warm end. HTS current lead operating current sharing mode is reduce heat flow to superconducting system.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.683-693
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• 1988

For the economical and reasonable operation of electric power system according to continual increase of electric power demand and decrease of load factor, the potential application of superconducting magnertic energy storage [SMES] with high efficiency and fast response in the electric utility is receiving attractive attension. In the light of this background, to confirm the basic principle of SMES, theoretical study, design technique and fabrication procedure for superconducting coil, current lead, cryostat, measuring and protection system of SMES are described in detail. Especially, a new design technique for superconducting coil and current lead is porposed and it was proved experimentally by the performance test of SMES which is developed for the first time in our country. At the peak operating current 200A, the maximum magnetic field amd stored energy of the coil are 3.52T and 2500J, espectively. The thermal and mechanical stability of 2500J SMES is also confirmed experimetally by its characteristics test, AC loss, protection system, charge and discharge test. The experimetal results show good characteristics of energy storage system.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.30-34
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• 2002

In this Paper, Insulation of current lead in the conduction-cooled DC reactor for the 1.2kV class 3 high-Tc superconducting fault current limiter(SFCL) is studied. Thermal link which conducts heat energy but insulates electrical energy is selected as a insulating device for the current lead in the conduction-cooled Superconducting DC reactor. It consists of oxide free copper(OFC) sheets, Polyimide films, glass fiberglass reinforced Plastics (GFRP) plates and interfacing material such an indium or thermal compound. Through the test of dielectric strength in L$N_2$, polyimide film thickness of 125 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ is selected as a insulating material. Electrical insulation and heat conduction are contrary to each other. Because of low heat conductivity of insulator and contact area between electrical insulator and heat conductor, thermal resistance of conduction-cooled system is increased. For the reducing of thermal resistance and the reliable contact between Polyimide and OFC, thermal compound or indium can be used As thermal compound layer is weak layer in electrical field, indium is finally selected for the reducing of thermal resistance. Thermal link is successfully passed the test. The testing voltage was AC 2.5kVrms and the testing time was 1 hour.

• 한국초전도저온공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도저온공학회 2000년도 KIASC Conference 2000 / 2000년도 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.22-25
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• 2000

To improve the performance of high temperature superconducting current leads, variable cross-sectional area is considered. The cross-sectional area is varied as a function of current density to fix the safety factor along lead length. New integration method is devised to find optimum cross-sectional area distribution. New design of current lead has low heat leak into cryostat and less material than constant cross-sectional area leads. Conduction cooled lead is considered. The developed method is applied to Bi2223 current leads sheathed Ag-Au alloy.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.62-65
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• 2014

To minimize most heat loss of current lead for high-temperature superconducting (HTS) rotating machine, the choice of conductor properties and lead geometry - such as length, cross section, and cooling surface area - are one of the various significant factors must be selected. Therefore, an optimal lead for large scale of HTS rotating machine has presented before. Not let up with these trends, this paper continues to improve of diminishing heat loss for HTS part according to different model. It also determines the simplification conditions for an evaluation of the main flux flow loss and eddy current loss transient characteristics during charging and discharging period.

• 한국초전도저온공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도저온공학회 2002년도 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.31-34
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• 2002

In this study, thermal analysis of a thermal capacitor, which is used to cool the current lead in conduction-cooled superconducting systems, was done. The temperature difference across a thermal capacitor was calculated by using heat conduction equation. Effect of heat load, total thickness, height and length of a thermal capacitor on the temperature difference were show. Using the results in this work, total thickness and heat height of a thermal capacitor can be determined for given heat load and given temperature difference. This work can be used practically in design for every superconduction system using a current lead.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.131-136
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• 2001

In this paper, a high-temperature superconductor(HTS) current lead operating in current sharing mode is described. The minimum heat dissipation and the optimum safety factor(cross-sectional area) is obtained analytically for partial current sharing HTS leads. It is assumed that the current lead is in conduction cooled state, and the sheath material is the alloy of silver and gold. The reduced cross-sectional area results partial current sharing state, and consequently reduces conduction heat transfer, but the Joule heat generation is increased. The optimized HTS current lead is different from the conventional copper leads. In the copper leads, the minimum heat dissipation is obtained for the zero gradient of temperature at warm end. However, the temperature gradient at warm end is not zero when the HTS lead operates at minimum dissipation state.

• 한국초전도저온공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도저온공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.226-229
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• 2003

Following the successful development of practical high temperature superconducting (HTS) wires, there has been renewed activity in the development of superconducting power equipments. HTS equipments must be operated in the coolant, such as liquid nitrogen (L$N_2$) or cooled by cooler, such as GM-cryocooler to maintain the temperature below critical temperature. In this paper, dielectric strength of some insulating materials, such as epoxy, teflon, and glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) in L$N_2$was measured. Surface breakdown voltage of GFRP which is basic property in design of HTS solenoid coil was measured. Epoxy is a goof insulating material but it is fragile at cryogenic temperature. The multi-layer insulating method of current lead is suggested to compensate this fragile property. It consists of teflon tape layer and epoxy layer fixed with texture. Based on these measurements, the 6.6㎸ class HTS magnet for DC reactor type high-T$_{c}$ superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) was successfully fabricated and tested.d.

• 한국초전도저온공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도저온공학회 2003년도 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.36-39
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• 2003

HTS (High Temperature Superconducting) cable termination current lead has been designed based on simplified boundary conditions such as fixed temperature at both end and sdiabatic/convection in the side wall. However, in the real situation the current lead is enclosed with insulators and exposed to insulation oil and L$N_2$. Therefore it is necessary to consider them for the proper current lead design. In this paper, several important design parameters were chosen and their effect on the temperature distribution and heat loads on the current lead has been investigated. It was found that current lead has to be 2 stage to reach the minimum temperature requirement of insulation oil and insulator is required to reduce the cooling capacity of cryogenic system.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.379-384
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• 2000

High-Tc superconducting current leads with multi-step and continually varied cross-sectional area are studied to reduce heat leak into cryostat and material use. Assuming conduction-cooled lead the cross-sectional area is reduced along the heat flow direction according to the increase of critical current density which increases with decreasing temperature. In this study, we also analyze the multi-step cross-sectional area High-Tc current leads. The multi-st데 current leads changes the cross-sectional area to have constant safety-factor at changed section. The heat leak into cryostat, total voume, safety-factor and the temperature profiles are compared to those of the constant safety-factor current leads. The developed methods are applied to the Bi-2223 superconductor sheathed with Ag-Au alloy.