• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2024

In this study, the influence of thermal aging on structural integrity is investigated for Gr. 91 steel. A commercial grade Gr. 91 steel is used for the virgin material, and service-exposed Gr. 91 steel is sampled from a steam pipe of a super critical plant. Time versus creep strain curves are obtained through creep tests with various stress levels at 600 ℃ for the virgin and service-exposed Gr. 91 steels, respectively. Based on the creep test results, the improved Omega model is characterized for describing the total creep strain curve for both Gr. 91 steels. The proposed parameters for creep deformation model are used for predicting the steady-state creep strain rate, creep rupture curve, and stress relaxation. Creep-fatigue damage is evaluated for the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) in a large-scale sodium test facility of STELLA-2 by using creep deformation model with proposed creep parameters and creep rupture curve for both Gr. 91 steels. Based on the comparison results of creep fatigue damage for the virgin and service-exposed Gr. 91 steels, the thermal aging effect has been shown to be significant.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1995

지오흐리드로 보강된 포화점토상에 축조된 줄기초가 낮은 빈도의 반복하중을 받았을시 발생 되는 열구침하량을 산정하기위한 실내모형 실험을 실시하였다. 실험을 실시하는 과정에서 초기 단계에는 기초에 허용정적 하중을 가하였고 연속적으로 반복하중을 가하였다. 정적하중과 반복 하중강도에 따른 기초의 최대영구침하량에 관하여 기술하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.573-580
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• 2001

When investigating optimum design of the evaporator in the refrigeration and heat pump systems, there is still lack of data for the dynamic characteristics of the evaporator, This is due to the fact that the static characteristics in the evaporator are absolutely difficult to measure and are burdened with uncertainties. In this study, the simulation works for static characteristics in the evaporator of small air conditioner are carried out to obtain the data of dynamic characteristics. In the simulation, the test evaporator is divided by two-phase evaporating region and single-phase heating region. The major parameters are refrigerant flow rate, heat transfer coefficient of air, air velocity and air temperature. The results show that the calculation method for tube length is an easy-to-use to model analysis of static characteristics and to determine state of refrigerant in the evaporator. The effects of the four parameters on the length of evaporating completed point and heat flow rate to the evaporator are clarified.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2001

Super computers has been utilized to carry out vehicle dynamics in real time. This research propose an implicit integra-tion method for vehicle state variables. Newton chord method is empolyed to solve the equations of motion and con-straints. The equations of motion and constraints are formulated such that the Jacobian matrix for Newton chord method is needed to be computed only once for a dynamic analysis. Numerical experiments showed that the Jacobian matrix generat-ed at the initial time could have been utilized for the Newton chord iterations throughout simulations under various driving conditions. Convergence analysis of Newton chord method with the proposed Jacobian updating method is carried out. The proposed algorithm yielded accurate solutions for a prototype vehicle multibody model in realtime on a 400 MHz PC compatible.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

Nonlinear harmonic waves generated at cracked interfaces are investigated both experimentally and theoretically. A compact tension specimen is fabricated and the amplitude of transmitted wave is analyzed as a function of position along the fatigued crack surface. In order to measure as many nonlinear harmonic components as possible a broadband Lithium Niobate ($LiNbO_3$) transducers are employed together with a calibration technique for making absolute amplitude measurements with fluid-coupled receiving transducers. Cracked interfaces are shown to generate high acoustic nonlinearities which are manifested as harmonies in the power spectrum of the received signal. The first subharmonic (f/2) and the second harmonic (2f) waves are found to be dominant nonlinear components for an incident toneburst signal of frequency f. To explain the observed nonlinear behavior a partially closed crack is modeled by planar half interfaces that can account for crack parameters such as crack opening displacement and crack surface conditions. The simulation results show reasonable agreements with the experimental results.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.369-383
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• 2012

Researchers have recently begun using high spatial resolution remote-sensing data, which are automatically captured and georeferenced, to assess damage following natural and man-made disasters, in addition to, or instead of employing the older methods of walking house-to-house for surveys, or photographing individual buildings from an airplane. This research establishes quantitative relationships between the damage states observed at ground-level, and those observed from space using high spatial resolution remote-sensing data, for windstorms, for individual site-built one- or two-family residences (FR12). "Degrees of Damage" (DOD) from the Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale were determined for ground-based damage states; damage states were also assigned for remote-sensing imagery, using a modified version of Womble's Remote-Sensing (RS) Damage Scale. The preliminary developed model can be used to predict the ground-level damage state using remote-sensing imagery, which could significantly lessen the time and expense required to assess the damage following a windstorm.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.84.3-84.3
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• 2019

We investigate 3D radiation-hydrodynamics (RHD) for surface convection of the solar-type low-mass stars (M = 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0 Msun). The outer convection zone (CZ) of low-mass stars is an extremely turbulent region composed of partly ionized compressible gases at high temperature. Particularly, the super-adiabatic layer (SAL), the top of the CZ is the transition region where the transport of energy changes drastically from convection to radiation. In order to accurately describe physical processes, a realistic treatment of radiation should be considered as well as convection. As a starting model, the initial stratification in the outer envelope calculated using the solar calibrations in the context of the standard stellar theory. When the numerical fluid becomes thermally relaxed, the thermodynamic structure of the steady-state turbulent flow was explicitly collected. In this presentation, we compared thermodynamic properties of turbulent convection of the solar-type low-mass stars.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3447-3469
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• 2019

It is well-known that the cooperative communication and error control technology can improve the network performance, but most existing cooperative MAC protocols have not focused on how to cope with the contention process caused by cooperation and how to reduce the bad influence of channel packet error rate on the system performance. Inspired by this, this paper first modifies and improves the basic rules of the IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol to optimize the contention among the multi-relay in a cooperative ARQ scheme. Secondly, a hybrid ARQ protocol with soft combining is adopted to make full use of the effective information in the error data packet and hence improve the ability of the receiver to decode the data packet correctly. The closed expressions of network performance including throughput and average packet transmission delay in a saturated network are then analyzed and derived by establishing a dedicated two-dimensional Markov model and solving its steady-state distribution. Finally, the performance evaluation and superiority of the proposed protocol are validated in different representative study cases through MATLAB simulations.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.705-715
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 에어컨 사이클 성능해석에 있다. 응축기, 증발기, 팽창밸브 및 압축기는 냉동사이클을 구성하는 핵심요소이다. 사이클의 개별적인 구성요소들에 대한 해석 기법들을 합리적으로 통합하여 다양한 운전조건에서 에어컨 시스템 성능예측이 가능하도록 하였다. 응축기 압력은 압축기 질량유량과 팽창밸브 유량이 일치하도록 반복계산에 의해 획득되며, 증발기 압력은 목표 흡입과열도가 획득되도록 압축기 흡입엔탈피를 반복계산에 의해 획득되었다. 더 나아가서 복수 실내기를 장착한 에어컨 시스템의 성능이 예측될 수 있도록 알고리듬들이 마련되었으며, 이들 모델들에 대한 해석결과를 제시하였다. 소프트웨어의 정확성은 실험결과에 의해 증명 되었다. 특히, 8.3 kW급 모델의 실험결과와 비교함으로써, 소프트웨어의 정확성이 다양하게 검정되었다. 해석결과로써, 정확성은 대체적으로 10% 이내에 있는 것으로 확인되어 우수한 신뢰성이 확보되었다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

본 논문에서는 LoRaEnergySim에 최적의 실시간 스케줄링 알고리즘으로 알려진 ED-H 스케줄링 알고리즘을 연동하여 LoRaWAN 클래스-A 단말기에 슈퍼 커패시터 기반의 에너지 하베스팅 시스템을 전원 공급 장치를 적용하였을 때 시간 제약성을 갖는 LoRaWAN 컨트롤러의 태스크와 응용 태스크의 실시간 스케줄링 알고리즘 간의 상호 시뮬레이션이 가능하도록 한다. 이를 위해 LoRaWAN의 상태와 상태 전환에 따른 시간과 에너지 특성을 로그 형태로 추출하고 타임 슬롯 기반의 ED-H 스케줄링 알고리즘에 적합하도록 태스크 모델을 수립하고 태스크가 CPU에 의해서 수행되는 특성에 따라 알고리즘이 시간 제약성을 만족하며 태스크를 수행할 수 있도록 확장하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 기법의 평가를 위해 LoRaEnergySim 시뮬레이션 결과가 제시된 동일 환경에서 패킷 송수신이 수행되는 것과 동시에 10%에서 90%의 CPU 점유율을 갖는 다양한 시간과 에너지 특성을 갖는 태스크 집합에 대해 ED-H 스케줄링 알고리즘을 수행하였으며, 실험 결과로 스케줄링 알고리즘에 따라 시간 제약성의 만족을 위해 슈퍼 커패시터의 에너지가 고갈되지 않는 한 태스크의 시급성을 우선하여 사용하는 것을 확인하여 상호 시뮬레이션의 적용 가능성을 확인하였다.