• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.910-918
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to develop a model for university foodservices and to provide management strategies for reducing costs, and increasing productivity and customer satisfaction. The results of this study were as follows : 1) The demands in university food services varied depending on the time series. A fixed pattern was discovered for specific times of the month and semesters. The demand tended to constantly decrease from the beginning of a specific semester to the end, from March to June and from September to December. Moreover, the demand was higher during the first semester than the second semester, within school term than during vacation periods, and during the summer vacation than the winter. 2) Pearson's simple correlation was done between actual customer demand and the factors relating to forecasting the demand. There was a high level of correlation between the actual demand and the demand that had occurred in the previous weeks. 3) By applying the stepwise multiple linear regression analysis to two different university food services providing multiple menu items, a model was developed in terms of four different time series(first semester, second semester, summer vacation, and winter vacation). Customer preference for specific menu items was found to be the most important factor to be considered in forecasting the demand.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2004

Benthic pollution assessment based on macrobenthic community structure with environmental variables was carried out at twelve stations during two periods on a presumed pollution gradient in Gamak Bay. Univariate and multivariate methods were applied to investigate structural changes in the benthic communities. A clear gradient of pollution effects on the macrobenthic community was observed from the interior to the exterior of the bay. The community on the northwestern basin was severely disturbed due to a low level of hydrodynamics and a large amount of pollutant input from nearby cities. Exterior regions on the southern basin appeared to have the best benthic environmental characteristics among all stations according to most methods of analysis. Central ridge regions and two stations around the islets in the mouth of the bay exhibited intermediate levels of perturbation when compared to the more disturbed interior and undisturbed exterior regions. Pollution effects on the communities were attenuated at the southern area of the central ridge during spring compared to those of summer, where aquacultural farming was densely distributed. The environmental variables primarily correlated to the macrobenthic community structure were total organic carbon (C), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and tributyltins (TBTs), contents found on the surface sediment, as anthropogenic variables indicating organic materials.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.97-111
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• 2010

Phytoplankton production is affected by various physico-chemical factors of environment. However, one of the most critical factors generally accepted as controlling primary production of phytoplankton is nutrients. It has recently been found that the succession of phytoplankton groups and species are closely related to the chemical properties of ambient water including nutrient limitation and their ratios. In Jangmok Bay, silicate and nitrate are primarily supplied by rainfall, while phosphate and ammonia are supplied by wind stress. Typhoons are associated with rainfall and strong wind stress, and when typhoons pass through the South Sea, such events may induce phytoplankton blooms. When nutrients were supplied by heavy rainfalls during the rainy season and by summer typhoons in Jangmok Bay, the dominant taxa among the phytoplankton groups were found to change successively with time. The dominant taxon was changed from diatoms to flagellates immediately after the episodic seasonal events, but returned to diatoms within 3~10 days. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were dominant mainly in the presence of low phosphate levels during the first of the survey which included the rainy season, while Skeletonema costatum was dominant when phosphate concentrations were high due to the strong wind stress during the latter half of the survey as a result of the typhoon. The competition between S. costatum and Chaetoceros spp. appeared to be regulated by the silicate concentration. S. costatum preferred high silicate and phosphate concentrations; however, Chaetoceros spp. were able to endure low silicate concentrations. These results implied that, in coastal ecosystems, the input patterns of each nutrient supplied by rainfall and/or wind stress appeared to contribute to the summer succession of phytoplankton groups and species.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.163-169
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• 1995

동해 남부해역에서 1988년 5월과 1989년 7월 및 1991년 11월에 관찰된 식물 플랑크톤 집은 총 190종의 출현종을 기록하였고 규조류가 우점하고 있었다. 춘계 에는 Leptocylindrus danicus, Nitzschia pungens, Bacteriastrum delicatulum 등이 우점종으로 나타났고 하계에는 Skeletonema costatum이 전반적인 우점현상을 보였 으며 Chaetoceros socialis, Rhizosolenia alata f. gracillima 등이 수역에 따라 우점 하였다. 추계에는 Chaetoceros socialis, Nitzschia delicatissima, Nitzschia sp., Gymnodinium sp.. 등이 우점하였다. 종다양성 지수의 평균은 춘계에 1.24, 하계에 1.69, 추계에 2.12로 다소 낮게 측정되었다. 식물플랑크톤 군집의 집괴분석 결과 하 계에는 표층에서 대마난류의 영향을 받는 외양적 특성의 수계와 동해 연안의 수계 및 울릉도 주변수등 크게 3개의 수역으로 구분할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 하계의 40m 수층 집괴분석 결과는 연구해역의 중앙부에서 표층 자료의 수역 구분 과는 별개의 또다른 식물수문학적 수역이 인지되었는데 이곳은 표층 주변의 대마 난류의 영향과 50m 이심의 수층에 존재하는 수온 1$0^{\circ}C$ 수괴의 양면적 영향을 받는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.592-603
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• 2001

Seasonal variations of nutrient intake ware evaluated through a 3-day dietary records in 196 Korean adolescents(86 males, 108 females) aged 13 - 15 years and living in urban and rural areas of Chungnam. The seasonal differences of nutrient intake were tested by repealed measure ANOVA. Comparing nutrient intakes among flour seasons using repealed measure ANOVA, mean values of daily intakes were higher in winter and autumn for most nutrients, and were the lowest in summer in the urban areas and in spring in rural areas. Girls recieved the largest amount of nutrients, except Ca and vitamin $B_12$, in winter and the lowest amount in summer, while in boys significant differences were not observed among the four seasons for meet nutrients, except fats, Mg, and vitamin E. Interestingly, the seasonal differences for many nutrients were more evident in rural areas than in urban areas. Vitamin A intake in urban areas was higher in winter and spring, while in rural oreas, in summer. Mean values of daily intakes as a percent of the RDA throughout the year in boys and girls ware 82.2% and 84.2% for energy and 88.9% and 82.7% for protein, respectively. Ca and vitamin A intakes were as low as 32.4% and 24.2% of the RDA in boys and 39.7% and 30.6% in girls. Intakes of Fe, Zn, folic acid and vitamin B$_{12}$ ranged from 40 - 60% of the RDA. The nutrients which showed the largest seasonal difference in the percent of RDA were vitamin E in boys and vitamin C, vitamin E, and Fe in girls. The index of nutritional quality(INQ) for Fe was significantly lower in autumn in both genders. The INQ for vitamin C in girls of both areas was much higher in winter. Annual mean adequacy ratio(MAR), an index of overall nutritional quality, ranged from 0.57 - 0.69, which was higher in winter than in other seasons. Conclusively, nutrient intakes of Korean adolescents showed seasonal variations, particularly in girls and in rural area. Thus, seasonal variations should be considered in the assessing nutritional status, particularly ill the rural areas of Korea.a.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.200-214
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• 1994

진해만의 저서동물 군집생태 연구의 일환으로 저서환경의 특성을 구명하기 위하여, 1987년 6월부터 1990년 5월까지 12개 정점에서 표층 및 저층수의 수온, 염분, 용존산소와 퇴적물의 입도조성 및 유기물량을 조사하였다. 진해만의 저서환경은 내만으로 들어 갈수록 퇴적물 입도의 세립화, 높은 유기물함량, 여름철 성층의 발달로 인한 저층 빈산소 수괴의 형성 등이 특징적으로 나타났다. 저층의 빈산소수괴는 5월부터 내만에서 형성되기 시작하여, 여름철로 접어들면서 점차 외해역으로 확산되어 9월에 최고에 달하였으며, 진해만 전 해역의 절반이상이 빈산소 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 저층의 빈산소 환경은 가을철로 접어들면서 성층의 점진적 소멸과 함께 회복된다. 저층수의 수온, 염분 및 용존 산소량과 퇴적물의 입도 및 유기물 함량의 5개 환경요인에 대하여 주성분 분석을 실시한 결과 4개 해역으로 나눌 수 있었으며, 이러한 공간 분포는 전반적으로 퇴적물의 유기물함량과 가장 높은 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2003

This study was corried out to provide basic data for water analysis biodiversity, Actual vegetation map, flora and fauna on the Sanchon-tideland(Geojaesi), Doma-tideland(Namhaegun) in Kyungsangnamdo from august 2002 to February 2003. This tidelands was very broad and was being reclaimed. Therefore, it was anxious about destroying the habitat of the water birds. Since the water temperature was influenced by the surrounding air, it was highest in summer and lowest in winter. pH value and DO concentration of the water was highest in winter in the Sanchon-tideland and in surmmer in the Doma-tideland. COD concentration was lowest in winter in two tidelands. SS concentration was highest in summer. T-P and T-N concentration were very low but decreased with the seasonal change from summer to winter. Vascular plants of this area consist of 11 varieties, 67 species, 64 genera, 29 families(Sanchon-tideland) and 1 forma, 11varieties, 62 species, 64 genera, 30 families(Doma-tideland). The predominant community of this area, Phragmites communis Community were found on the seashore. The total insect specimens were classified into 120 species, 48 families, 10 orders(Sanchon-tideland) and perdominant species were Gabala argentata(Dominance 18.78%, Diversity index 1.75, Richness index 45.78). And 91 species, 40 families, 8 orders(Doma-tideland) and perdominant species were Sternolophus (Sternolophus) rufipes(Dominance 15.47%, Diversity index 1.47, Richness index 33.66). The total Fishes were classified into 3 species, 2 families, 1 order and Amphibia were 3 species, 2 families, 1 order. And Salicomia herbacea should be worthwhile species to conserve in this area. Because the water birds lived in The Tideland Sanchon and Doma, it was considered that it was necessary to preserve them.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.294-304
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• 2023

가덕도 인근해역에서 출현하는 자어 군집에 대한 계절변동을 파악하기 위해 2019년 5월, 8월, 11월 그리고 2020년 2월에 조사를 실시하였다. 조사기간 동안 자어는 총 45과 85개 분류군이 출현하였다. 우점종은 멸치(Engraulis japonicus), 망둑어류(Gobiidae spp.), 청어(Clupea pallasii), 가라지(Decapterus maruadsi), 돛양태류(Callionymidae sp.) 등으로 나타났으며, 이들 5종은 조사기간 중 출현한 자어 전체 출현개체수의 84.1%를 차지하였다. 멸치와 망둑어류, 가라지, 돛양태류는 여름철 우점종이었고, 청어는 겨울철 우점종이었다. 종다양도지수는 여름철에 가장 높고 가을, 겨울철로 갈수록 낮아졌으며, 봄철에 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 조사기간 동안 출현한 자어의 출현개체수로 군집분석을 실시한 결과 계절에 따라 4개의 그룹으로 뚜렷이 구분되었다. 특히, 계절적 수온변화에 따라 여름철에는 자어의 적정한 성육환경이 형성되었고, 겨울철에는 겨울산란어종의 적정한 부화수온이 형성되어 자어군집의 계절적 특성을 반영하고 있었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2000

남해 중앙부에 위치하는 해창만의 식물플랑크톤 군집은 비교적 다양한 생물종에 의해 군집을 이루고 있으나, 출현 세포 밀도는 매우 낮은 특징을 보였다. 특히, 계절적으로는 여름과 가을에 높은 세포 밀도를 나타내고 있는 반면, 봄에 낮은 세포 밀도를 나타내나, 식물플랑크톤 군집은 연중 중심목 규조류에 의해 지배되고 있었다. 그러나, Chl-a량의 분포와 관련하여, 식물플랑크톤에 의한 해창만의 기초생물 잠재생산력은 연중 매우 높은 것으로 판단되며, 미소 또는 극미소 플랑크톤에 대한 점유율이 높을 것으로 추정되었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.180-192
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• 1993

본 연구는 소백산 국립 공원을 대상으로 계절별 조류 군집을 밝히고, 이의 보호 및 관리를 위한 적절한 방안을 제시하기 위하여 실시되었다. 조사를 위하여 주등산로 3개소를 조사지로 선정하여, 1992년 2월부터 10월까지 4회에 걸쳐 야생조류 및 이의 서식에 미치는 인자를 조사했으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 조사지에서 조사기간동안 관찰된 야생조류는 텃새 31종, 여름철새 17종, 겨울철새 6종 그리고 나그네새 4종으로 총 9목 12과 58종이며 이중천연기념물 323호인 새매, 황조롱이와 324호인 소쩍새 그리고 242호인 까막딱다구리가 관찰되었고 위기 조류인 큰오색딱다구리와 되지빠귀가 발견되었다. (서식종수는 봄철 38종, 여름철 33종, 가을철 26종 그리고 겨울철 22종이었다). 번식 조류 군집 중 수동 및 관목층을 둥지로 이용하는 길드와 수관층에서 먹이자원을 이용하는 길드가 대부분이었다. 제 1조사구역의 해발 900m이후의 자연식생과 제 2조사구역의 철쭉군락을 포함한 초원지역은 야생조류의 보호를 위해 관리가 필요하다. 제 3조사구역은 다양한 종이 관찰되었는데 이는 이 지역이 과수원, 농경지, 개활지 등의 다양한 서식지를 포함하기 때문이라고 생각된다. 이 지역은 밀도 또한 높게 나타나서 국립공원에서 조류를 관찰할 수 있는 적당한 장소라고 생각된다. 가을과 겨울철에는 풍부한 먹이 공급을 위해 먹이식물 및 활엽수림 조성 관리가, 봄철과 여름철에는 성공적인 번식을 위해 이용객에 대한 관리가 필요하다.