• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1944-1956
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• 2021

This paper considers a cellular two-way relay network with one base station (BS), one relay station (RS), and two users. The two users are far from the BS and no direct links exist, and the two users exchange messages with the BS via the RS. A non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and network coding (NC)-based decode-and-forward (DF) two-way relaying (TWR) scheme TWR-NOMA-NC is proposed, which is able to reduce the number of channel-uses to three from four in conventional time-division multiple access (TDMA) based TWR approaches. The achievable sum-rate performance of the proposed approach is analyzed, and a closed-form expression for the sum-rate upper bound is derived. Numerical results show that the analytical sum-rate upper bound is tight, and the proposed TWR-NOMA-NC scheme significantly outperforms the TDMA-based TWR and NOMA-based one-way relaying counterparts.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.365-382
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• 2021

This paper proposes a novel two-way relaying (TWR) approach for a two-relay wireless network based on non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), where two terminals exchange messages with a cellular base station (BS) via two intermediate relay stations (RSs). We propose a NOMA-based TWR approach with two relaying schemes, i.e., amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF), referred to as NOMA-AF and NOMA-DF. The sum-rate performance of our proposed NOMA-AF and NOMA-DF is analyzed. A closed-form sum-rate upper bound for the NOMA-AF is obtained, and the exact ergodic sum-rate of NOMA-DF is also derived. The asymptotic sum-rate of NOMA-AF and NOMA-DF is also analyzed. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms conventional orthogonal multiple access based transmission schemes. It is also shown that increasing the transmit power budget of the relays only cannot always improve the sum-rates.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권4C호
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• pp.414-423
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• 2009

본 논문은 최대 전송률에 가까운 성능을 보이는 선형 preceding 기법을 제안한다. MMSE preceding은 ZF preceding 방식보다 우수한 평균 자승 오차 성능을 가진다. 반면 MMSE preceding 방식의 전송률은 낮은 SNR 범위에서는 ZF 방식에 비해 개선된 성능을 보여주지만 높은 SNR에서는 오히려 성능 열화현상을 보인다. 이와 같은 사실에 착안하여 본 논문에서는 최대 전송률에 근접하는 선형 preceding 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 방식은 ZF precoding방식에서 사용되는 역행렬 연산을 전송율이 최대화될 수 있도록 정규화하는 방식이고 이를 위한 간단한 수치 알고리즘이 제안된다. 또한 그 과정에서 낮은 복잡도를 가지는 간단한 전력 재할당에 의한 정규화 방식이 제안된다. 시뮬레이션과 성능분석을 통해 제안된 방식이 모든 SNR 범위에서 기존의 ZF preceding 방식과 MMSE preceding방식보다 높은 전송률을 가짐을 보인다. 또한 제안된 방식은 채널 추정 오차가 존재하는 경우에도 기존의 선형 preceding 방식들과 비교하여 성능 이득을 유지하면서 채널 추정 오차에 강인함을 가진다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.688-698
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• 2016

In this paper, we investigate the achievable sum rate and energy efficiency of downlink massive multiple-input multiple-output antenna systems with zero-forcing precoding, by taking into account the randomness of user locations. Specifically, we propose two types of non-uniform user distributions, namely, center-intensive user distribution and edge-intensive user distribution. Based on these user distributions, we derive novel tight lower and upper bounds on the average sum rate. In addition, the impact of user distributions on the optimal number of users maximizing the sum rate is characterized. Moreover, by adopting a realistic power consumption model which accounts for the transmit power, circuit power and signal processing power, the energy efficiency of the system is studied. In particular, closed-form solutions for the key system parameters, such as the number of antennas and the optimal transmit signal-to-noise ratio maximizing the energy efficiency, are obtained. The findings of the paper suggest that user distribution has a significant impact on the system performance: for instance, the highest average sum rate is achieved with the center-intensive user distribution, while the lowest average sum rate is obtained with the edge-intensive user distribution. Also, more users can be served with the center-intensive user distribution.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제47권7호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2010

다중 사용자 MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) 시스템에서 사용자의 합 전송률을 최대화시키는 SRM (sum-rate maximization) 스케쥴러를 적용하는 경우, 셀 경계에 위치하거나 채널 환경이 좋지 않은 사용자는 선택받지 못하게 되는 공평성 문제를 발생시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 사용자 간의 공평성을 향상시키기 위해 각 사용자 별 평균 전송률의 가중치를 고려한 합 전송률을 최대화하는 WSRM (weighted sum-rate maximization) 스케쥴러를 사용한다. 이를 활용하여 6-섹터 협력전송 시스템에서 WSRM을 위한 최적 전송 전력과 시스템의 WSR (weighted sum-rate)의 닫힌 형태 표현 수식을 유도하며, 유도한 수식을 기반으로 3-섹터 협력 전송 시스템에서 WSRM을 위한 최적 전송 전력을 찾는 알고리듬을 제안한다. 닫힌 형태 표현으로 유도한 수식과 제안한 알고리듬를 바탕으로 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 분산 MIMO 시스템에서 SRM 스케쥴러와 WSRM 스케쥴러의 합 전송률 및 평균 전송률의 로그 합 성능을 비교한다. 또한 WSRM 스케쥴러 방식이 하위 사용자 성능을 향상시킴을 보임으로써 사용자 간의 공평성 문제를 개선할 수 있는 방식임을 검증한다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 제한된 피드백 정보를 사용하는 MU-MIMO 하향링크 시스템에 준-대각선 및 구관 행렬, 그리고 동 이득 전송 기법을 이용한 차등 선부호화 기법을 적용하여 sum-rate 및 bit error rate 성능을 분석한다. 시뮬레이션과 성능분석을 통해 기존의 LTE 코드북보다 sum-rate 성능은 최소 0.6bps/Hz, BER 성능은 최소 4dB 개선됨을 보인다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.186-193
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• 2008

A two-hop multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay network which comprises a multiple antenna source, an amplify-and-forward MIMO relay and many potential users are studied in this paper. Consider the achievable sum rate as the performance metric, a joint design method for the processing units of the BS and relay node is proposed. The optimal structures are given, which decompose the multiuser MIMO relay channel into several parallel single-input single-output relay channels. With these structures, the signal-to-noise ratio at the destination users is derived; and the power allocation is proved to be a convex problem. We also show that high sum rate can be achieved by pairing each link according to its magnitude. The sum rate of three broadcast strategies, time division multiple access (TDMA) to the strongest user, dirty paper coding (DPC), and beamforming (BF) are investigated. The sum rate bounds of these strategies and the sum capacity (achieved by DPC) gain over TDMA and BF are given. With these results, it can be easily obtained that how far away TDMA and BF are from being optimal in terms of the achievable sum rate.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.2653-2659
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• 1996

In this paper, DC-free and minimum bandwidth binary line codes with look-up table are proposed and their performances are analyzed. As results of performance analysis, the proposed codes are shown to have spectral nulls at DC and Nyquist frequency. Among the proposed codes, binary line codes of which both codeword digital sum and alternating digital sum are zero have lower code rate but better spectral characteristics. Furthermore, binary line codes which consist of all codewords including those with nonzero digital sum and alternating digital sum have worese spectral characteristics but higher code rate.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제39A권1호
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• pp.65-67
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 연속적으로 채널이 변하는 통신망에서 채널 상태 정보의 변화를 추정하여 간섭 정렬을 적용했을 때 간섭 채널의 성능을 분석한다. 채널 상태 정보의 변화를 효과적으로 추정하는 방법을 제안하고, 이를 이용하여 3-user 간섭 채널에 대해 간섭정렬 기법의 성능을 sum rate를 척도로 모의실험을 통해 분석한다. 또한 채널 추정 빈도에 따른 성능을 비교하여 성능과 계산 복잡도 간의 관계를 실험적으로 분석하였다. 실험 결과는 제안된 기법이 프레임 내에서 채널이 변하지 않는다는 가정한 기존의 방식에 비해 성능이 우수함을 확인할 수 있다.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2021

[Purpose] This pilot study aimed to develop a regression model to estimate the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of Korean adults using various easy-to-measure dependent variables. [Methods] The EPOC and dependent variables for its estimation (e.g., sex, age, height, weight, body mass index, fat-free mass [FFM], fat mass, % body fat, and heart rate_sum [HR_sum]) were measured in 75 healthy adults (31 males, 44 females). Statistical analysis was performed to develop an EPOC estimation regression model using the stepwise regression method. [Results] We confirmed that FFM and HR_sum were important variables in the EPOC regression models of various exercise types. The explanatory power and standard errors of estimates (SEE) for EPOC of each exercise type were as follows: the continuous exercise (CEx) regression model was 86.3% (R²) and 85.9% (adjusted R²), and the mean SEE was 11.73 kcal, interval exercise (IEx) regression model was 83.1% (R²) and 82.6% (adjusted R²), while the mean SEE was 13.68 kcal, and the accumulation of short-duration exercise (AEx) regression models was 91.3% (R²) and 91.0% (adjusted R²), while the mean SEE was 27.71 kcal. There was no significant difference between the measured EPOC using a metabolic gas analyzer and the predicted EPOC for each exercise type. [Conclusion] This pilot study developed a regression model to estimate EPOC in healthy Korean adults. The regression model was as follows: CEx = -37.128 + 1.003 × (FFM) + 0.016 × (HR_sum), IEx = -49.265 + 1.442 × (FFM) + 0.013 × (HR_sum), and AEx = -100.942 + 2.209 × (FFM) + 0.020 × (HR_sum).