• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.1280-1290
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• 2014

In order to obtain the cellulolytic bacterial consortia, sediments from Great Basin hot springs (Nevada, USA) were sampled and enriched with cellulosic biomass as the sole carbon source. The bacterial composition of the resulting anaerobic ethanol-producing celluloytic bacterial consortium, named SV79, was analyzed. With methods of the full-length 16S rRNA library-based analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, 21 bacteria belonging to eight genera were detected from this consortium. Clones with closest relation to the genera Acetivibrio, Clostridium, Cellulosilyticum, Ruminococcus, and Sporomusa were predominant. The cellulase activities and ethanol productions of consortium SV79 using different agricultural residues (sugarcane bagasse and spent mushroom substrate) and energy crops (Spartina anglica, Miscanthus floridulus, and Pennisetum sinese Roxb) were studied. During cultivation, consortium SV79 produced the maximum filter paper activity (FPase, 9.41 U/ml), carboxymethylcellulase activity (CMCase, 6.35 U/ml), and xylanase activity (4.28 U/ml) with sugarcane bagasse, spent mushroom substrate, and S. anglica, respectively. The ethanol production using M. floridulus as substrate was up to 2.63 mM ethanol/g using gas chromatography analysis. It has high potential to be a new candidate for producing ethanol with cellulosic biomass under anoxic conditions in natural environments.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.1078-1085
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• 2018

A salt-tolerant cellulase secreted by a marine Bacillus sp. SR22 strain with wide resistance to temperature and pH was purified and characterized. Its approximate mass was 37 kDa. The endoglucanase, named as Bc22Cel, was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography, and extraction from the gel after non-reducing sodium dodecyl sufate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimal pH value and temperature of Bc22Cel were 6.5 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. The purified Bc22Cel showed a considerable halophilic property, being able to maintain more than 70% of residual activity even when pre-incubated with 1.5 M NaCl for 1 h. Kinetic analysis of the purified enzyme showed the $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ to be 0.704 mg/ml and $29.85{\mu}mol{\cdot}ml^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$, respectively. Taken together, the present data indicate Bc22Cel as a potential and useful candidate for industrial applications, such as the bioconversion of sugarcane bagasse to its derivatives.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2020

While the utilization of wood as a raw material in related industries has been increasing with the population increasing, the availability of wood from natural forests has continued to decline. An alternative to this situation is the manufacture of particleboard from non-wood lignocellulose materials through the modification of sandwich particleboard (SPb) using bamboo strands as reinforcement. In this study, strandsof belangke bamboo (Gigantochloa pruriens W) and tali bamboo (Gigantochloa apus) were utilized. The non-wood particles included sugar palm fibers, cornstalk, and sugarcane bagasse. The board was made in a three-layer composition of the face, back, and core in a ratio of 1: 2: 1. The binder used was 8% isocyanate resin. The sheet was pressed at a temperature of 160℃ for 5 min under a pressure of 3.0 N/㎟. Testing included physical and mechanical properties based on the JIS A 5908 (2003) standard, while acoustic testing was based on ISO 11654 (1997) standards. The results showed that using bamboo strands as reinforcement has an effect on the mechanical and physical properties of SPb. Almost all the types of boards met the JIS A 5908 (2003) standards, with the exception of thickness swelling (TS) and internal bond (IB) parameters. Based on the thickness swelling parameter, the C-type board exhibited the best properties. Overall, the B-type board thatused a belangke bamboo strand for the surface and sugarcane bagasse as the core underwent the best treatment. Based on the acoustical parameter, boards using a tali bamboo strand for the surface and sugar palm fiber as the core (E-type board) exhibited good sound absorption properties.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.2
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• pp.349-352
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• 2006

The conventional pulping processes in Iran were reviewed in this paper. On account of forest resources restriction, a considerable extent of non-harvestable hardwood forests, the possibility of accessable non-wood resources and Poplar fast-growing species for using in pulp and paper industry was investigate. The cultivated area and abundance of each mentioned raw material (Wheat Straw, Sugarcane Bagasse, Poplars) were specified and the quality of their produced papers were compared in strength and opacity properties. Spruce species data was used for experiments comparisons. Regarding to environmental pollutions, low yield, inflexibility in wood and non-wood species resulted from the existent conventional processes of paper manufacturing, APMP is recommended due to high quality paper, desirable opacity properties, high yield and also the usage for all the raw materials.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.183-194
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• 2011

This study reviewed on the research trend of sources and utilization of the byproducts(Lignin) from bioethanol production process with lignocellulosic biomass such as wood, agri-processing by-products(corn fiber, sugarcane bagasse etc.) and energy crops(switch grass, poplar, Miscanthus etc.). During biochemical conversion process, only Cellulose and hemicellulosic fractions are converted into fermentable sugar, but lignin which represents the third largest fraction of lignocellulosic biomass is not convertible into fermentable sugars. It is therefore extremely important to recover and convert biomass-derived Lignin into high-value products to maintain economic competitiveness of cellulosic ethanol processes. It was introduced that lignin types and characteristics were different from various isolation methods and biomass sources. Also utilization and potentiality for market of those were discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1594-1599
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• 2005

The effects of long-term feeding of diets based on bermudagrass hay supplemented with lucerne hay cube (LH) or fermented bagasse feed (FBF) on the growth rate, feed efficiency, behaviour, gut development, carcass characteristics and meat quality of goats were investigated. Six spring-born 8-month-old male crossbred (Japanese Saanen${\times}$Tokara native goats) bucks weighing mean 21.6 kg were allotted to 2 treatment groups (3 animals each) and each animal had ad libitum access to feeds, i.e. bermudagrass hay (basal diet)+LH or FBF throughout the experiment. The FBF was produced by the solid-state fermentation of substrates containing dried sugarcane bagasse mixed with wheat bran in a ratio of 1:3 (w/w DM) with Aspergillus sojae. The live body weight, final weight and average daily gain were not different between treatments. Average basal diet intake of goats fed FBF diet was significantly higher than that fed LH diet (p<0.05), but average dry matter intake (DMI; g/day and g/$W^{0.75}$), feed conversion ratio, digestible crude protein (DCP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) intake of experimental diets were not significantly different between treatments. Goats fed on LH and FBF diets had similar eating, rumination, resting and drinking behaviours, and blood constituents except for phosphorus content. Slaughter and carcass weights, net meat percentage [(total meat/carcass weight)${\times}$100], loin ratio [(loin/total meat)${\times}$100] and rib-eye area were not different between treatments. However, goats fed FBF diet had lower dressing percentage and higher bone/muscle ratio compared with goats fed LH diet (p<0.01). Empty gut and guts fill of goats fed FBF diet were significantly greater (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively) than those fed LH diet. The weights of rumen and abomasum were also significantly heavier in goats fed FBF diet (p<0.05), but the length and density of papillae of rumen in goats were not different between treatments. Although meat composition of loin was not different in both groups, the meat of goats fed FBF diet was superior to that of LH diet in flavor, aroma and overall quality of loin (p<0.01). In conclusion, the nature of the diet consumed voluntarily did not affect subsequent growth, nutrient intake and behaviour of goats but had an influence on carcass traits and sensory evaluation of meat partly, when either of LH or FBF was fed with bermudagrass hay.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2016

본 연구는 사탕수수 부산물 펄프를 Element Chlorine Free (ECF) 표백 처리할 때 마지막 과산화수소 표백단계를 추가하여 최종 표백 펄프의 잔류 이산화염소를 제거하고, 총 이산화염소 사용량을 제거하고자 하였다. 특히 과산화수소 표백단계를 효과적으로 사용하기 위한 킬레이트 처리 단계를 반응 조건이 비슷한 이산화염소 표백 단계와 동시 진행하였을 때, 개별적으로 킬레이트 처리를 진행한 표백 펄프의 표백 특성을 비교하였다. 총 이산화염소 사용량이 4.5%(w/w oven dried pulp)일 때 EDTA의 경우 킬레이트를 동시 처리할 때 백색도와 점도는 각각 87.0% ISO와 25.8 cPs로 개별 처리하는 경우 보다 더 높은 표백 특성(86.4% ISO, 25.2 cPs)을 나타냈다. 반면 DTPA를 킬레이트 화합물로 사용하는 경우 동시처리 시(83.9% ISO, 21.9 cPs) 개별처리(86.8% ISO, 25.6 cPs) 보다 표백 특성이 낮은 수준을 나타냈다. 특히 EDTA를 킬레이트 화합물로 사용시 잔류 전이금속(망간 이온, 철 이온) 농도가 개별처리 시 0.65 ppm, 66.74 ppm으로 나타난 반면 동시 처리시 0.52 ppm과 55.68 ppm으로 킬레이트 처리 효과가 향상됨을 확인할 수 있다. DTPA는 동시 처리시 0.71 ppm과 116.88 ppm의 망간 이온, 철 이온 농도가 나타난 반면 개별 처리시 0.56 ppm, 86.17 ppm의 농도로 동시 처리 시 킬레이트 처리 능력이 감소됨을 알 수 있다. 이를 통해 킬레이트 화합물 종류와 처리 방법에 따라 킬레이트 효과의 차이가 나타나며, 효율적인 공정을 위해서는 EDTA를 킬레이트 화합물로 이산화염소 표백단계와 동시 처리하는 것이 표백 효율과 공정효율을 위해 유리한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

이 연구는, 느타리버섯과 풀버섯만 재배하던 캄보디아에서 영지버섯, 목이버섯 그리고 표고버섯 등과 같은 여러 종류의 고온성 버섯들의 종균을 생산하고, 캄보디아에서 생산되는 경제적이고 효율적인 새로운 버섯배지를 찾기 위해 시도되었다. 종균 및 버섯재배 배지로, 여러 종류의 유기물찌꺼기, 곡물, 그리고 톱밥이 사용되었다. 고무나무 톱밥배지에서 자란 균사 (10.9 cm/15일)는 곡물배지에서 자란 균사 (11.2 cm/15일)에 비해 성장이 조금 느렸지만, 고무나무 톱밥은 낮은 가격 및 취급의 용이성이 있어, 비싼 곡물종균을 대치할 수 있는 매우 적절한 배지인 것으로 나타났다. 버섯생산을 위해서, 고무나무톱밥(60.8% BE), 사탕수수박(60% BE), 그리고 아카시아나무 톱밥 등에 미강과 탄산칼슘을 혼합하여 사용하였는데, 사탕수수박과 고무나무 톱밥은 매우 비슷한 높은 생물학적 효율(BE)을 보여주었고, 아카시아나무 톱밥은 비교적 낮은 22.4%의 생물학적 효율을 보여주었다. 따라서 낮은 가격에 구입할 수 있는 아카시아톱밥이 현재 사용되고 있는 높은 가격의 배지들과 혼합하여 사용된다면 매우 가능성이 높은 새로운 배지가 될 수 있을 것으로 보였다. 현재, 사용되고 있는 톱밥의 가격 (20 kg 고무나무톱밥=6500 Riel 혹은 1.6 USD)과 비교했을 때, 아카시아톱밥의 가격(20 kg=1000Riel 혹은 0.25USD)이 매우 낮아 버섯의 생산에 투자되는 비용을 크게 줄여 경제성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1670-1679
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• 2020

The substantial use of fungal enzymes to degrade lignocellulosic plant biomass has widely been attributed to the extensive requirement of powerful enzyme-producing fungal strains. In this study, a two-step screening procedure for finding cellulolytic fungi, involving a miniaturized culture method with shake-flask fermentation, was proposed and demonstrated. We isolated 297 fungal strains from several cellulose-containing samples found in two different locations in Thailand. By using this screening strategy, we then selected 9 fungal strains based on their potential for cellulase production. Through sequence-based identification of these fungal isolates, 4 species in 4 genera were identified: Aspergillus terreus (3 strains: AG466, AG438 and AG499), Penicillium oxalicum (4 strains: AG452, AG496, AG498 and AG559), Talaromyces siamensis (1 strain: AG548) and Trichoderma afroharzianum (1 strain: AG500). After examining their lignocellulose degradation capacity, our data showed that P. oxalicum AG452 exhibited the highest glucose yield after saccharification of pretreated sugarcane trash, cassava pulp and coffee silverskin. In addition, Ta. siamensis AG548 produced the highest glucose yield after hydrolysis of pretreated sugarcane bagasse. Our study demonstrated that the proposed two-step screening strategy can be further applied for discovering potential cellulolytic fungi isolated from various environmental samples. Meanwhile, the fungal strains isolated in this study will prove useful in the bioconversion of agricultural lignocellulosic residues into valuable biotechnological products.

• Carbon letters
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2007

A series of activated carbons (ACs) were derived from sugarcane bagasse under two activation schemes: steam-pyrolysis at $600-800^{\circ}C$ and chemical activation with $H_3PO_4$ at $500^{\circ}C$. Some carbons were treated at 400, $600^{\circ}C$, or for 1-3 h, and/or in flowing air during pyrolysis of acid-impregnated mass. XRD profiles displayed two broad diffuse bands centered around $2{\theta}=23$ and $43^{\circ}$, currently associated with diffraction from the 002 and 100/101 set of planes in graphite, respectively. These correspond to the interlayer spacing, Lc, and microcrystallite lateral dimensions, La, of the turbostratic (fully disordered) graphene layers. Steam pyrolysis-activated carbons exhibit only the two mentioned broad bands with enhancement in number of layers, with temperature, and small decrease in microcrystallite diameter, La. XRD patterns of $H_3PO_4$-ACs display more developed and separated peaks in the early region with maxima at $2{\theta}=23$, 26 and $29^{\circ}$, possibly ascribed to fragmented microcrystallites (or partially organized structures). Diffraction within the $2{\theta}=43^{\circ}$ is still broad although depressed and diffuse, suggesting that the intragraphitic layers are less developed. Varying the conditions of chemical activation inflicts insignificant structural alterations. Circulating air during pyrolysis leads to enhancement of the basic graphitic structure with destruction and degradation in the lateral dimensions.