The whole plant of crop maize was chopped and ensiled in double-layered polyethylene bags to determine the influence of residual sugar on the fermentation of lactic acid and aerobic stability by L. buchneri in whole crop maize silage made in airstress condition. There were a total of six treatments used in this experiment as follow: added 25 g de-mineralised water per kg chopped maize serving as control (con), 37.5 g glucose solution containing 12.5 g glucose ($g_1$), 75 g glucose solution containing 25 g glucose ($g_2$), 25 g, L,.buchneri suspension intended for $10^6$ cfu $g^{-1}$ (L.b.), $g_1$+L.b. and $g_2$+L.b. All silos were opened at day 91 after ensiling for measuring the pH values, microbiological enumeration, fermentative products and aerobic stability. The dry matter loss increased significantly (p<0.01) due to inclusion of sugar or L. buchneri. The lower lactic acid concentrations were observed (p<0.01) in silages inoculated with L. buchneri only or in combination with sugar addition than the correspondent uninoculated silages. Compared with control silage, ethanol production was about 3 or 6-fold higher due to addition 12.5 or 25 g glucose per kg chopped maize at ensiling. The silages added with sugar contained less acetic acid concentration (p<0.01) than control, but silages inoculated with L. buchneri showed the contrary effects (p<0.01) at different sugar levels. No butyric acid was found in uninoculated silages, silages inoculated with L. buchneri. producted more propionic acid, 1-propanol and butyric acid. Lactic acid bacteria counts increased markedly (p<0.01) due to inoculation with L. buchneri, whereas it was reduced (p<0.01) by added sugar. No significant difference was observed in count of yeast, but inoculation with L. buchneri shows a decreasing trend. Mould count in all silages was less than 2 (log cfu $g^{-1}$). The added sugar had negative effects on aerobic stability of maize silage made under air-stress conditions, whereas inoculation with L. buchneri improves (p<0.01) the aerobic stability.
This experiment was designed to assess changes in yield difference between waxy (IWR) and non-waxy (INWR) near isogenic rice by evaluating the translocation and accumulation of assimilates in different parts of the rice plants after heading stage under different fertilizer application. Nitrogen content of culm in both IWR and INWR decreased rapidly from 35 days before heading to flowering time and after then it was maintained constantly, while the nitrogen content of leaf blade was continually reduced. Sugar content of leaf blade in IWR decreased steadly by 10 days after heading, but that in INWR increased 20 days after heading. There was no difference in starch content of culum between IWR and INWR from 35days before heading to heading, but that of culm of IWR increased again after heading. Dry weight of IWR plant was less reduced during ripening as compared with INWR. The dry weight of culm was not significantly different between two isogenic lines.
Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
/
v.6
no.2
/
pp.75-87
/
1989
Study to report this result that state of lipid peroxides while beef Bulgogi Coocking of general-seasoning, sale-seasoning, each flavour's characteries. Raw meat show high lipid peroxides amount and high increasing in heat and antioxidative effected by flavour about lipid peroxidies change existence by beef Bulgogi seasoning. Change of lipid peroxides are significant increased in meat cold storage and cold storage and cold storage heat meat after while 30 minute after seasoned and reduced 9 hour - 33 hour cold storage raw meat, that change of lipid peroxides by cooking time. every condition by adding soften were revealed lipid peroxides, reduce. Lipid peroxide change are very high while no-sugar in raw meat and not a stone look in 9-hour raw-meat after seasone about antioxidative effect by each flavour characteristic TBA showed very high not take parched seasone seeds item about 30-minute cold storage beat raw-meat and high lipid peroxides revealed increase in not take wine item, not take a pear item, in 9 hour cold storage heat-meal and it showed little amount not-sugar item, no opepper item. According to high lipid peroxides change reduced high after seasoned cold storage stage in Korea traditional Bulgogi Cooking and thought high that action of antioxidative lipid peroxides wine and a pear in flavour.
In order to study the quarantine and sanitization methods for dried red pepper, comparative effects of commercial fumigation (methyl bromide/MeBr, $phosphine gas/PH_{3}$ and gamma irradiation (5, 10 kGy) were investigated in terms of its physicochemical properties. There were no noticeable chances in pH and soluble solids among the untreated control, irradiated and fumigated samples soon after treatments, but some decrease was found in stored samples (especially soluble solid in fumigated samples) for 8 months under room temperature. Total sugar content was influenced by storage time rather than both treatments. Immediately after treatments, reducing sugar content was significantly reduced in the samples including pericarp when exposed to fumigants (p<0.05), while an apparent decrease was observed in the stored samples including seeds with negligible differences among treatment groups. The electron donating ability (EDA) of the extracts was high in the order of pericarp, whole pepper, powdered pepper and seeds, which was reduced during storage for 8 months particularly in the samples containing seeds. The EDA of irradiated samples during storage was equal to that of the control sample, whereas that of fumigated samples was relatively low (p<0.05).
The quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of makgeolli added with different amounts of pomegranate powder (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) were investigated. Although pH was reduced with increasing concentrations of pomegranate powder, all pH values rapidly decreased for 2 days, and then gently increased afterwards. Total acidity increased until 3 days of fermentation and then slowly increased. Sugar and reducing sugar contents reached maximum levels after 1 day of fermentation and gradually decreased until 7 days. Alcohol content remarkably increased until 2 days and gradually increased until 7 days. The addition of over 10% pomegranate powder increased yeast count until 3 days of fermentation, followed by a decrease. In the sensory evaluation, color, flavor, sweetness, and overall acceptance decreased with increasing concentrations of pomegranate powder, and sourness and bitterness slightly increased. Early antioxidant activity improved according to the concentration of pomegranate powder, but addition of 15% and 20% pomegranate powders reduced antioxidant activity from 3 days of fermentation. In conclusion, addition of 10% pomegranate powder would be the most suitable to manufacture pomegranate makgeolli.
Kim, Dae-Hyun;Lee, Bok-Rye;Park, Sang-Hyun;Kim, Tae-Hwan
Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
/
v.42
no.2
/
pp.120-126
/
2022
The objective of this study was to determine effects of phosphorus on lignification and carbohydrate metabolism in Kentucky bluegrass under drought stress. Drought stress was induced by reducing of water to plants in pots. Two types of phosphorus were applied as potassium phosphate (PO43-; P) or potassium phosphonate (PO33-; PA) in drought-stressed plants. Drought had significant negative effects on plant growth, as revealed by reduced biomass of shoot. Drought-induced increase of lignin content was concomitant with the increase of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Soluble sugar content was highly increased but fructan content was largely decreased by drought stress. However, the application of phosphorus was efficient to ameliorate the adverse effects of drought. PA application improved reduced shoot growth and relative water content, and inhibited lignification synthesis with a reduction of PAL activity. P or PA application maintained soluble sugar and fructan content at similar levels to controls under drought stress. These results indicate that phosphorus application may mitigate the drought stress by inhibiting the lignification and promoting the fructan assimilation.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in physicochemical and sensory properties of raw fruits during washing and chlorine treatments. Strawberry and banana were pre-prepared at different concentration of chlorinated water(0 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm), immersion time(3 min and 5 min), and number of post-rinsing(1 time, 2 times and 3 times). The physicochemical properties such as pH, sugar contents, residual chlorine contents, color values and hardness of the fruits were analyzed, and the sensory quality were evaluated throughout the sterilization treatment process. After washing strawberry with 100 ppm chlorinated water and 3 times of post-rinsing, pH and residual chlorine contents were showed a little difference, while sugar contents, hardness, and color values(L, a and b) were reduced. In case of banana, pH, sugar contents and residual chlorine contents were not affected, and hardness and L color value were reduced. However, a and b color values of banana were gradually increased as the development of brown discoloration. Sensory properties of the samples were affected by the chlorine sterilization treatment. In overall acceptance, strawberry and banana treated with 100 ppm chlorinated water showed the lowest scores among treatments. Therefore it could be suggested that the application of 50 ppm chlorinated water for $3{\sim}5$ minutes with over 3 times of post-rinsing was the effective pre-preparation method without affecting the quality of the fruits.
The contents of reducing sugar, sucrose, starch and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F-Z,$6-P_2$) in relation to the activities of amylase, invertase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) were investigated from the leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Samjin) seedlings grown at $4^{\circ}C$ for 3 days_ In the seedlings, the contents of reducing sugar and sucrose were increased, but soluble and insoluble starch were declined. Under this condition, amylase activity was increased. but acid invertase activity was declined and alkaline invertase activity was not changed. Cytosolic and stromal FBPase activities were increased. But F-2,$6-P_2$ content was declined. It seemed that the increase of reducing sugar content might be due to the increased activity of amylase and the increase of sucrose content might be related to the increased activity of cytosolic FBPase, reduced content of F-Z,$6-P_2$ and reduced rate of hydrolysis of sucrose during the cold treatment. These results suggested that the changes in carbohydrate rnetabolim of rice seedlings under low temperature reflect one of the protection mechanism to the low temperature during the cold treatment.atment.
This study investigated the free sugar and free amino acids considered as the taste component in Korean Gochujang. Our goal was to search and develop the Korean traditional Gochujang taste, and to monitor the current status and characteristics of the Gochujang. For the analysis of Gochujang, it is purchased from small farms as well as major food company producing Gochujang. In the case of commercial Gochujang(COM), glucose and maltose were major free sugar, and the ratio of distribution and total amount showed very similar pattern. However, the results of the traditional Gochujang(TG) showed significant differences for each sample even they had glucose and maltose as predominant sugar. The content of glucose, maltose, fructose was reduced in order. The other hand, sucrose, rhamnose were not detected or were detected trace amounts in some samples. Even the characteristics were found at each region, it was no noticeable difference, but each sample was greater variation. Total of 17 amino acids were found from COM and the major amino acids were Pro, Glu, Asp, but His, Met were generally detected in small amounts. In the TG, they mainly contained Glu, Asp, Pro as the dominant component in addition to the Arg, Ala, Cys, respectively. TG had higher amino acid content and fairly various distribution compared to COM. It could suggest the possibility of the development for different traditional tastes because each TG had diverse characteristic taste than COM.
Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine effect of the application of different types of coffee on teeth stain during home bleaching. Methods : Twenty five premolars that were extracted within the past month and healthy without any signs of dental caries or restorations were collected and divided into five groups. The teeth of a control group were bleached everyday for two weeks, and the teeth of four experimental groups were bleached everyday for two weeks and then deposited respectively in four different types of coffee solution: brewed coffee, black coffee, coffee with sugar, and coffee with sugar and cream. Afterwards, the color of the teeth of the four experimental groups was checked by a shade pilot. Results : As a result, there were significant differences in the change of lightness and color according to the blending type with the lapse of time during home bleaching. Concerning changes in lightness and hue, there were the largest differences in the control group and the experimental group deposited in coffee with sugar and cream, followed by coffee with sugar, black coffee and brewed coffee. When the extent of change in lightness and hue was investigated after home bleaching, the experimental group deposited in coffee with sugar and cream was stained the least, and the experimental group deposited in brewed coffee was stained the most. Conclusions : In conclusion, the intake of coffee that is the cause of stain should be reduced during bleaching, and in case of having a cup of coffee, it's advisable to have coffee with cream.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.