• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.80-89
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of nutritional education and exercise intervention on reduction and maintenance of weight. The subjects were 24 obese women whose body mass index(BMI) was over $25kg/m^2$. Nutritional education was performed once a week and swimming was done three times a week throughout this 12 week program. The subjects were recalled 1 month after the program was complete. Nutrient intakes were assessed by 24 hour recall method. Also food habits, dietary behaviors and nutritional knowledge were investigated by self-administered questionnaires before and after the weight control program and one month after completing the program. Height, weight, body composition and blood levels were measured before and after the weight control program and one month after completing the program. During the 12 weeks of the weight control program, body weight significantly decreased from an average of 69.7kg to 65.8kg and to 65.1kg after one month(p<0.05). Body fat and BMI also significantly decreased(p<0.01). Cholesterol and blood sugar levels decreased after 12 weeks and increased one month after completing the program. After taking nutritional education, the nutritional knowledge scores increased. Calcium intake significantly increased after completing the education and one month after completing the program(p<0.01). Iron intake significantly decreased from an average of 12.1g to 11.3g after completing the program and increased to 15.5g one month after completing the progrom(p<0.001). We concluded that our nutritional education and exercise program was effective for reducing and maintaining weight.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.130-133
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• 1999

Body fat-reducing ability of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) water extract (OMWE) was investigated of mice by supplying it drinking water. OMWE(2.95% solid content ) was prepared by extracting a low grade of the mushroom at 12$0^{\circ}C$ for 10min. The solid material of OMWE was composed of 65.2% reducing sugar, 0.23% crude fat, 0.5%total protein, 1.2% ash and 32.9% others. OMWE was appropriately diluted with drinking water. Seventy two male ICR mice(25$\pm$1 g, 7~8 weeks of age, 6 mice/cage, 18 mice/treatment) housed in polycarbonate cages containing $\beta$-chips were adopted in a temperature-and humidity-controlled facility with free access to water and diet. One week later, the mice were subjected to one of the treatments for 36days : 0 (control), 10, 50 and 100% OMWE. Drinking wter with or without OMWE was supplied twice (40ml each, 80ml in total ) daily per cage. Body weight and fed intake were recorded every three days. At the end of the experiment, mice were sacrificed to determine the chemical composition (fat, protein, ash and water). Body weight of mice treated with OMWE (10, 50 and 100%) at day 36 was 35.9, 35.9and 35.5g per mouse , respectively, and not significantly reduced as compared to that (36.5g/mouse) of control mice. Average body fat of 0,10,50 and 10% OMWE -treated mice was 14.3, 13.1, 10.7 and 12.0% , respectively. Body fat reduction by 50% OMWE treatment was 25.2% (p<0.05) relative to control. OMWE did not affect feed intake. The contents of body protein and ash were increased with respect to body fat decrease, while water content was not changed much. These results suggest that OMWE could reduce body fat of the mice without body weight change, giving the best effect by 50% OMWE.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1975

The newborn human is the only mammalian whose mother does not have a food supply ready for it's offspring at birth. From two to four days usually elapse before the mother's supply If milk appears, and during this period, some kind of artificial feeding should be supplied to the infants. Because of this factor, there has been continued debate fog the past hundreds of years as to when the first feeding should be started Accordingly, many experiments were carried out by scholars and because of these, Pre-lateral feedings were believed to be necessary. Many types of pre-lateral feedings were tried and the conclusion was reached that glucose water was the best food for the first infants'feedings. Traditionally, This has been started 12 hours after birth. The causes for the 12 hours delay were thought to (1) provide rest for the infants: (2) prevent regurgitation ana vomiting which tended to be prevalent during this tine: (3) in cases of low weight infants, prevention of aspiration pneumonia. From recent studies of newborn physiology and as pediatric medicine has been rapidly advancing, many studies hare been carried out concerning the improvement of infant nutrition and the early feeding of infants has been emphasized. This author believes it would be very beneficial to try two different kinds of feedings for the infant. (1) experimental feedings ana (2) comparative feeding, and during this period to investigate and compare the infants blood sugar level, hematocrit, gamma globulin level weight changes and to observe the infant reaction ill order to search for a more desirable feeding program. This study was conducted from January to March 1974 with data related to 40 healthy newborn infants (male 21, female 19: weight, 2.79∼4.20㎏ : gestation, 39∼40 weeks) born at Ewha Womens University Hospital and the results obtained were as follows : 1. At time of birth the blood sugar level from the cord sample averaged 88.99㎎/100㎖, but the blood sugar level rapidly dropped after 2 to 3 hours and reached the lowest point after 10 to 11 hours (54.48㎎/100㎖) and rose again by the 24 hour time period (76.80㎎/100㎖). Changes in the blood sugar level of the experiments: groups and the compare-five group was not significantly different until the 6 to 7 hour period, but by the 10 to 11 hour period the blood sugar levels of the experimental group (49,10㎎/100㎖) and the comparative group (49.70㎎/100㎖) were lower than the remainder of the experimental groups. 9. There ware no significant weight changes between the two groups. Average weight at birth was 3.35㎏, but at the 24 hours period birth weight averaged 3.29㎏. (1.8% reduction of birth weight). It continually lowered until at 48 hours, average weight was 3.26㎏ (2.7% reduction from birth weight.) 3. Hematocrit readings showed no significant difference between the groups. Hematocrit, the average value at birth, was 28.07% and abruptly elevated to average 64.35% at the 2 to 3 hour period, then slowly lowered to an average of 59.67% at the 6 to 7 hour period, 55.10% at the 10 to 11 hour period, ana 53.70% at the 24 hour period. 4. At birth, average gamma globulin value averaged 1,39㎎/100㎖. and at the 24 hour period averaged 1,52㎎/100㎖ revealing no significant difference between the two feeding groups. 5. Such factors as voiding, passing of meconium, regurgitation and vomiting showed no significance between the two feeding groups. However, the number of infants voiding and passing meconium in the experimental groups during the first 12 hours was slightly greater. In general there was an increased tendency for regurgitation and. vomiting among a small group of the infants during the first 24 hours which thereafter decreased. 6. Fluid intake averaged 24.38cc at the first feeding and increased to average 30.48cc at the third feeding and further increased to 73. 00cc at the fifteenth feeding. Finally it was suggested that the most reasonable method of early feeding is to give less than 25cc of 5% glucose water and/or 8% powdered milk at 8 to 9 flours after birth in order to prevent hypoglycemia and dehydration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.459-470
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• 2014

This study investigated the correlation between eating behavior patterns, including eating-habits, food preferences, snack intake levels, and eating-out frequency and stress levels in high school students (males 174 and females 122) in Seoul. Analysis of eating-habits showed that eating-irregularity and eating-speed increased with elevated stress levels in both males and females under stress. The size of meals decreased in males, whereas it increased in females under getting stress (P<0.01). Preferences for sugar, hamburgers, and pizza also increased in both males and females under stress. Eating-out frequency decreased in males with a high stress level (P<0.01), whereas it increased in females. As for eating-out partners, males did not show any changes, whereas females preferred friends to family when under stress. Eating-out expenses also increased in both males and females, particularly in females with a high stress level (P<0.05). Males under increased stress showed effective stress reduction by increasing food intake, whereas females under increased stress showed less effective results. Consequently, high school students under high stress, particularly females, showed negative changes in eating behavior patterns, including irregular eating-habits, increased instant food and snack intakes, and increased frequency of eating-out. Therefore, development of appropriate programs for reducing stress and persistent nutrition education to promote good dietary behaviors are required.