• 신재생에너지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2013

The efficiency of microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis of seaweeds for the production of ethanol was investigated and its effect on hydrolysis into reducing sugar and fermentation into ethanol evaluated as compared with those by conventional heating. A brown seaweed, Laminaria japonica (10-100g/L) was hydrolysed under dilute acidic condition (0.5N $H_2SO_4$, $100^{\circ}C$) with two sorts of heating: microwave irradiation for ${\leq}10min$ and conventional heating for 10-60min. Microwave-assisted hydrolysis was shown to be more efficient. A similar range of reducing sugar and ethanol yields as with the conventional autoclave heating procedure(${\geq}30min$) was observed, but it was obvious that production of ethanol from microwave-assisted hydrolysis had a 3 times faster reaction rate leading to very short production times, lower energy consumption/loss than from the conventional heating mode, and higher biomass loading without significant reducing ethanol yield, thus microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis is a potential alternative method for more effective hydrolysis of Laminaria japonica.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2004

The immunomodulating activities and chemical characteristics of a water-soluble exopolymer from submerged mycelial culture of Phellinus pini were studied. Anticomplementary activity of this polymer was found to be $73.2\%$, and its activation system occurred through both classical and alternative pathways, where the classical pathway was detected to be the major one by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Nitric oxide (NO) release ability and acid phosphatase activity of macrophage were increased by 1.6-fold ($100{\mu}g/ml$) and 3.4-fold ($500{\mu}g/ml$), respectively, and splenocyte proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was also increased by 2.6-fold ($200{\mu}g/ml$), compared to the control. The molecular weight of this polymer, determined by HPLC, was under 5 kDa. Total sugar and protein contents were 89.7 and 10.3%, respectively. Both sugar and amino acid compositions of the exopolymer were also analyzed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.905-912
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• 2019

Bioethanol has attracted much attention in recent decades as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative energy source. In this study, we compared the production of bioethanol by Candida molischiana and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at different initial concentrations of cellobiose and glucose. The results showed that C. molischiana can utilize both glucose and cellobiose, whereas S. cerevisiae can only utilize glucose. The ethanol yields were 43-51% from different initial concentrations of carbon source. In addition, different concentrations of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) were directly converted to ethanol by a combination of Trichoderma reesei and two yeasts. Cellulose was first hydrolyzed by a fully enzymatic saccharification process using T. reesei cellulases, and the reducing sugars and glucose produced during the process were further used as carbon source for bioethanol production by C. molischiana or S. cerevisiae. Sequential culture of T. reesei and two yeasts revealed that C. molischiana was more efficient for bioconversion of sugars to ethanol than S. cerevisiae. When 20 g/l Avicel was used as a carbon source, the maximum reducing sugar, glucose, and ethanol yields were 42%, 26%, and 20%, respectively. The maximum concentrations of reducing sugar, glucose, and ethanol were 10.9, 8.57, and 5.95 g/l, respectively, at 120 h by the combination of T. reesei and C. molischiana from 50 g/l Avicel.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2023

Bioethanol has recently attracted much attention as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative energy source. This study aimed to develop a potential process for bioethanol production by fed-batch fermentation using instant dry yeast. To obtain the highest cell growth, we studied the influence of the initial sugar concentrations and pH of sugarcane molasses in batch fermentation. The batch system employed three levels of sugar concentrations, viz. 10%, 15%, 20% (w/v), and two levels of pH, 5.0 and 5.5. The highest cell growth was achieved at 20% (w/v) and pH 5.5 of molasses. The fed-batch system was then performed using the best batch fermentation conditions, with a molasses concentration of 13% (w/v) which resulted in high ethanol concentration and fermentation efficiency of 15.96% and 89%, respectively.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1006-1013
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• 2014

This study is aimed at examining the usefulness of mugwort as an alternative of western herb by making widely known tomato sauce with mugwort powder added, the ingredient that has a bio-active substance. The control group showed the highest percentage of water from tomato sauce, 89.24%. The sauce with mugwort added in by 2% showed the lowest pH, 4.55. The brightness L value for chromaticity got lower significantly (p>0.001) as the amount of added mugwort increased, and red a value and yellow b value were high in the control group for 18.06 and 16.84 respectively, and got reduced as the amount of added mugwort increased. The salinity was the highest in the sauce mugwort added in by 2% for 1.02. Sugar content and reducing sugar were the lowest in the sauce mugwort added in by 2% for 9.49 and 56.01. As measuring total count change, no microorganism was found until $10^{th}$ day of storage, and was 0% $1.7{\times}10^3CFU/mL$ on the $15^{th}$ day, and no microorganism was found in the 1.5% and 2% added groups. Lastly for 60 days of storage, the control group without mugwort showed the highest microorganism count for $3.1{\times}10^8CFU/mL$ In a sensory test, color was in the 1% added group was 5.28, higher than the control group which showed 4.78, but there was no significant difference. Taste was rated most highly in the 1.5% added group for 5.65. After taste was also rated most highly in the 1.5% added group for 5.8. Overall preference was the highest in the 1% added group for 5.79. From the results, tomato sauce with mugwort added in showed the high storage capacity and was rated highly in the preference test. The possibility of the alternative of western spice and the potential to use Korean spice for other western spice were observed again.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.389-403
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• 2016

사탕무씨스트선충(Heterodera schachtii)의 피해가 2011년에 배추 주산지인 강원도 지역에서 확인되었다. 이 선충은 암컷이 씨스트를 형성하는 특성을 가지므로 농약에 의한 효과적인 방제가 어렵다. 따라서 사탕무시스트선충에 대한 비기주 작물을 선정하여 감염지역의 배추를 대체할 작물을 추천하고자 총 17과(科) 276품종의 식물에 대한 사탕무씨스트선충의 저항성을 검정하였다. 사탕무씨스트선충 접종 후 씨스트 발생 정도에 따라 감수성(susceptible), 중감수성(moderately susceptible), 저항성/비기주(resistant/immune)로 구분하였다. 검정 결과 감수성 106품종, 중감수성 40품종, 저항성/비기주 130품종으로 구분되었다. 씨스트가 전혀 형성되지 않은 작물은 가지, 토마토, 상추, 들깨, 당근, 셀러리, 수박, 참외, 오이, 호박, 부추, 양파, 파, 도라지, 더덕, 잔대, 콩 등이었다. 가지과, 국화과, 명아주과, 화본과 작물은 작물 및 품종에 따라 약감수성 또는 저항성/비기주 식물이 혼재하였다. 본 시험에서 사탕무씨스트선충이 전혀 발생하지 않아 저항성/비기주식물로 밝혀진 130품종은 사탕무씨스트선충 감염지의 배추를 대체할 작목을 추천하는데 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.37-40
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• 2002

고구마 품종 '율미'의 정단분열조직을 배양하여 얻은 무병주를 대량증식하여 농가에 보급할 수 있는 고품질 종묘의 생산체계를 확립하기 위해 외마디배양 시 기내증식에 미치는 효과적인 pH 농도, 당의 함량 및 마디의 위치에 따른 생장반응을 조사하였다. 고구마 마디배양에 있어서 pH범위는 비교적 넓은 것으로 보이지만, 유식물체의 생육에 가장 효과적인 pH는 4.8로 나타났다. 당의 함량이 6∼8%인 배지에서 식물체의 초장, 근장, 마디수, 엽면적, 생체중 및 건물중 등 생장반응이 가장 양호하였고 당의 함량이 6∼8%보다 낮거나 높으면 비례적인 감소를 보였다. 정단분열조직을 포함하는 마디의 생장반응만이 다른 마디를 배양한 결과보다 양호하였고 그 외의 마디 배양간에는 큰 차이가 없었으므로 대량생산의 경우 경정조직을 포함한 마디를 제외하고 배양하면 균일한 묘를 동시에 대량으로 확보할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 고구마 외마디 배양을 통한 기내증식에 있어서 배지의 pH 농도는 4.8, sugar 함량은 6∼8%에서 가장 효과적이었고, 마디위치에 따른 배양에서는 생장점을 포함한 첫 번째 마디의 생육이 가장 우수하였으며, 그 외의 마디간에 생장반응은 큰 차이가 없었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.460-466
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• 1999

The huge amount of demand for feedgrains from this region could not possibly be met by producing countries from the other regions. In order to fulfill this increasing demand for conventional raw materials, an alternative for the conventional raw materials produced in the Asia and Pacific region is becoming increasingly more important. A potential alternative is concentrates or non-conventional concentrates produced locally in relative abundance in this region. These feedstuffs include feed grains, by-products from the milling, sugar industries, brewing and distilling industries. Vegetable, citrus, and animal by-products from abattoir, feather meal and blood meal are also possibilities. In addition to more widespread use of unconventional feed sources, the following approach is recommended to improve utilization and performance. These include establishing the nutritive value of non-conventional feeds, quality control to minimize variability, proper storage and processing to assure the nutritive value and prevent mycotoxin contamination, properly balance amino acids with protein sources, supplementation with synthetic amino acids and the use of enzymes to increase digestibility. Currently, practical applications for these resources in feed formulation are negligible despite the potential. The socio-economic aspects will dominate the use of these non-conventional concentrates. In the future, the feed industry will resolve the problems in using locally available raw feed materials.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.81-95
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• 2006

표고버섯 골목의 바이오에탄올 생산 자원으로서의 활용 가능성을 모색하고, 새로운 당화 공정으로 주목받고 있는 초임계수 가수분해 공정에 대한 기초 기술을 제공하기 위하여 버섯 골목으로 사용되는 상수리나무 정상재를 다양한 초염계수 가수분해 공정에 적용하고 분해산물의 분석을 실시하였다. 초임계수 가수분해 반응 시간 및 온도의 증가에 의하여 수용성 분해산물 및 비수용성 잔사의 색 진해짐, 분해율의 증가 그리고 비수용성 잔사의 결정화도가 증가하였다. 반응 압력의 증가는 낮은 반응 온도와 짧은 반응 시간 조건에서만 분해 산물의 색변화 및 분해율의 증가에 영향을 주었다 초염계수 가수분해는 반응 초기에 hemicellulose의 분해가, 반응 후기에는 cellulose 분해가 진행되었다. 반응 시간의 증가는 당화 수율을 향상시켰고 반응 온도의 증가는 $415^{\circ}C$까지는 당화 수율을 증가시켰지만 $415^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 급격히 감소시켰다. 낮은 반응 온도조건에서 반응 압력의 증가는 당화 수율을 증가시컸지만, 높은 반응 온도 조건에서는 오히려 당화 수율을 감소시켰다. 확인된 당화 수율의 결과를 토대로 상수리나무 정상재의 최적 초엄계수 가수분해 조건은 $415^{\circ}C$, 23 MPa, 60초로 결정하였으며, 당화 수율은 2.68%로 확인되었다. 결정된 최적 조건에서 골목의 초임계수 가수분해를 실시한 결과 당화 수율이 3.58%로 정상재의 당화 수율보다 높았다. GC-MS를 이용한 수용성 분해산물의 분석 결과, 주요 분해 산물은 1,1'-oxybis-benzene과 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid로 확인되었고, 낮은 분해율을 보인 반응 조건에서는 pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-heptadecanoic acid 등과 같은 지방산류가 공통적으로 검출되었다. 반응 온도 및 시간이 증가함에 따라 phenol, benzene류의 증가가 확연되었지만 비수용성 잔사에서는 반응 압력의 차이에 의한 분해 산물의 변화는 없었다. 비수용성 잔사의 성분 분석 결과 60.6~79.2%의 holocellulose를 함유하고 있었고, 산 촉매 가수분해에 의하여 49.2~67.5%의 당화 수율을 보여주었다. 희산을 이용한 수용성 분해산물의 2차 가수분해에 의하여 수용성 분해 산불 내 당화 수율이 큰 폭으로 향상되었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.346-354
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• 2021

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and chewing gum for orthodontic pain relief and to assess if chewing gum can be a non-pharmacological alternative for orthodontic pain relief. Methods: The study enrolled 106 patients of both sexes, aged ≥ 12 years, with body weight > 50 kg, and mild-to-moderate dental crowding in the upper arch. After randomization and allocation concealment, the intervention groups were either administered with ibuprofen (400 mg) or acetaminophen (500 mg) or chewed sugar-free chewing gum immediately after initial archwire placement and every 6 hours for 1 week if the pain persisted. The control group did not receive any pain relief. The pain was assessed on a 100-mm visual analog scale at rest and while biting down at T1 (2 hours), T2 (24 hours), T3 (2 days), T4 (3 days), T5 (7 days), and T6 (21 days). Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Mann-Whitney U tests (α = 0.05). Results: The chewing gum group experienced more pain relief than the ibuprofen group at while biting down at T3 (p = 0.04) and at rest at T4 (p < 0.001). The chewing gum group reported more pain relief than the acetaminophen and control groups while biting down at T3 (p = 0.03 and p = 0.0006, respectively) and T4 (both p < 0.001). Conclusions: Chewing gum can be a non-pharmacological alternative for orthodontic pain relief at 2 and 3 days after initial archwire placement.