• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.19 no.9
• /
• pp.911-917
• /
• 2009

The apoptotic caspases have been classified in accordance with their substrate specificities, as the optimal tetrapeptide recognition motifs for a variety of caspases have been determined via positional scanning substrate combinatorial library technology. Here, we focused on two proteolytic recognition motifs, DEVD and IETD, owing to their extensive use in cell death assay. Although DEVE and IETD have been generally considered to be selective for caspase-3 and -8, respectively, the proteolytic cleavage of these substrates does not display absolute specificity for a particular caspase. Thus, we attempted to monitor the cleavage preference for caspase-3, particularly using the recombinant protein substrates. For this aim, the chimeric GST:DEVD:EGFP and GST:IETD:EGFP proteins were genetically constructed by linking GST and EGFP with the linkers harboring DEVD and IETD. To our best knowledge, this work constitutes the first application for the monitoring of cleavage preference employing the recombinant protein substrates that simultaneously allow for mass and fluorescence analyses. Consequently, GST:IETD:EGFP was cleaved partially in response to caspase-3, whereas GST:DEVD:EGFP was completely proteolyzed, indicating that GST:DEVD:EGFP is a better substrate than GST:IETD:EGFP for caspase-3. Collectively, using these chimeric protein substrates, we have successfully evaluated the feasibility of the recombinant protein substrate for applicability to the monitoring of cleavage preference for caspase-3.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.04a
• /
• pp.300-300
• /
• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
• /
• 2001.05a
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2001

Increased expression of inducible cyclo-oxygenase (COX-2) is associated with a wide variety of tumours. In addition inhibitors of COX have shown a great deal of promise in vitro and in animal models as potential anti-tumour therapies. COX enzymes utilise the substrate arachidonic acid to produce prostaglandin (PO)H$_2$, the precursor to all the prostanoids.(omitted)

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2003.07a
• /
• pp.273-276
• /
• 2003

Polymerization induced diffusion has been successfully applied to create new display components. Based on this principle a new technique to produce polymer covered liquid crystal layers on a single substrate, called photo-enforced stratification, allows cost-effective production of ultra-thin LCDs. The two-step photopolymerization-induced phase separation of a liquid crystal and a polymer precursor can be performed on a variety of substrates and provides freedom in display design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
• /
• 2001.06a
• /
• pp.73-76
• /
• 2001

$\alpha$-Glucosidase contributing $\alpha$-glucan metabolism in microorganisms is characterized by the variety in substrate recognition. Recent studies on microbial enzymes show that $\alpha$-glucosidases are divided into two groups, family I and family n, in which family I enzymes have four conserved catalytic-regions of $\alpha$-amylase family. The presentation focusing on the difference of the $\alpha$-glucosidase families reviews i) the catalytic amino-acid residues of nucleophile and acid/base catalyst, and ii) the molecular evolution of two families.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.680-687
• /
• 1999

An extensive study on miniaturized bandpass filter(BPF) appropriate for mobile communication systems is presented in this paper. The miniaturization has been accomplished by incorporating low-loss high-index materials inside a resonating cavity fabricated in silicon substrate using micromachining etching techniques. By use of materials with dielectric constant $\varepsilon_r$=500, filters with volume less than 0.11 $mm^3$ have been designed at the center frequency of 5.8 GHz with 3.3% bandwidth. The electrical performances and design tolerances of these filters for a variety of materials and shapes are discussed and design guidelines are presented herein.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.117-127
• /
• 2004

The heterodimeric amino acid transporter family is a subfamily of SLC7 solute transporter family which includes 14-transmembrane cationic amino acid transporters and 12-transmembrane heterodimeric amino acid transporters. The members of heterodimeric amino acid transporter family are linked via a disulfide bond to single membrane spanning glycoproteins such as 4F2hc (4F2 heavy chain) and rBAT $(related\;to\;b^0,\;^+-amino\;acid\;transporter)$. Six members are associated with 4F2hc and one is linked to rBAT. Two additional members were identified as ones associated with unknown heavy chains. The members of heterodimeric amino acid transporter family exhibit diverse substrate selectivity and are expressed in variety of tissues. They play variety of physiological roles including epithelial transport of amino acids as well as the roles to provide cells in general with amino acids for cellular nutrition. The dysfunction or hyperfunction of the members of the heterodimeric amino acid transporter family are involved in some diseases and pathologic conditions. The genetic defects of the renal and intestinal transporters $b^{0,+}AT/BAT1\;(b^{0,+}-type\;amino\;acid\;transporter/b^{0,+}-type\;amino\;acid\;transporter\;1)$ and $y^+LAT1\;(y^+L-type\;amino\;acid\;transporter\;1)$ result in the amino aciduria with sever clinical symptoms such as cystinuria and lysin uric protein intolerance, respectively. LAT1 is proposed to be involved in the progression of malignant tumor. xCT (x-C-type transporter) functions to protect cells against oxidative stress, while its over-function may be damaging neurons leading to the exacerbation of brain damage after brain ischemia. Because of broad substrate selectivity, system L transporters such as LAT1 transport amino acid-related compounds including L-Dopa and function as a drug transporter. System L also interacts with some environmental toxins with amino acid-related structure such as cysteine-conjugated methylmercury. Therefore, these transporter would be candidates for drug targets based on new therapeutic strategies.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.30 no.7
• /
• pp.350-358
• /
• 2020

A variety of composite powders having different aluminum and carbon contents are prepared using various organic solvents having different amounts of carbon atoms in unit volume as ball milling agents for titanium and aluminum ball milling. The effects of substrate temperature and post-heat treatment on the texture and hardness of the coating are investigated by spraying with this reduced pressure plasma spray. The aluminum part of the composite powder evaporates during spraying, so that the film aluminum content is 30.9 mass%~37.4 mass% and the carbon content is 0.64 mass%~1.69 mass%. The main constituent phase of the coating formed on the water-cooled substrate is a non-planar α₂ phase, obtained by supersaturated carbon regardless of the alloy composition. When these films are heat-treated at 1123 K, the main constituent phase becomes γ phase, and fine Ti₂AlC precipitates to increase the film hardness. However, when heat treatment is performed at a higher temperature, the hardness is lowered. The main constitutional phase of the coating formed on the preheated substrate is an equilibrium gamma phase, and fine Ti₂AlC precipitates. The hardness of this coating is much higher than the hardness of the coating in the sprayed state formed on the water-cooled substrate. When hot pressing is applied to the coating, the porosity decreases but hardness also decreases because Ti₂AlC grows. The amount of Ti₂AlC in the hot-pressed film is 4.9 vol% to 15.3 vol%, depending on the carbon content of the film.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.101-104
• /
• 2011

We aimed to develop a new variety of Neolentinus lepideus from about forty strains by bag culture. To this end, "Solhyang" which means pine smell in Korean was selected as a new commercial variety of N. lepideus. N. lepideus have yellow pileus and pine smell, which characteristics make a favorable impression on the far east Asia, Korean and Japanese. The optimum temperatures for mycelial growth and fruit body development ranged $26{\sim}32^{\circ}C$ and $18{\sim}20^{\circ}C$, respectively. The required periods of mycelial incubation and fruit body growth were 30 days and 7 days, respectively. The fresh weight of fruit body was 115g/kg with pine sawdust and corn meal power(9:1, v/v) substrate.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 1980

In 1976, a newly released rice variety, Yushin, was planted in 300,000 ha of the 533,000 ha of cultivated total hecterage with new rice varieties. High productivity and quality were achieved by farmers around country. However, the wilting phenomena of Yushin occured in some regions where were employed poor cultural management, and flowed sewage into the paddy field from industrial factories. This study was identified some factors for the wilting phenomena of Yushin rice variety in morphological and physiological aspects. The Yushin variety showed greater internode elongation on low part of the stems that close related to lodge at heavier nitrogen levels, excessive number of spikelets per unit leaf blade weight i.e. higher sink/source ratio, and greater consumption of respiratory substrate by increased respiration rate of rice plant as compared with those of Tongil rice variety. In physilogical aspects, the Yushin variety was significantly declined root development and root activities under heavy nitrogen conditions. Yushin rice variety was decreased $K_2$O/N ratio, carbohydrate content in stem of rice plant, and physiological root activities specially in low light intensity, 50% light interception plots. Therefore, above factors were mainly promoted the wilting phenomena of Yushin rice variety.