• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.91-102
• /
• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the extent of the health behaviors of juveniles with experience in drug and the extent of their oral health behaviors. Then the impact of such factors on the oral health was analyzed. Methods: The analysis in this study used the raw data from 'The Fifth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey' after getting approval for use from the Center for Disease Control. The research subjects of this study were juveniles with experience in drug. Analysis was done by using 8 socio-demographic variables, 6 health behaviors related variables, 4 oral-health behaviors related variables and 1 oral health related variable. All survey data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 17.0 program. as frequency analysis and logistic regression. Results: The factors that give impact on the oral health of juveniles with drug experience were found as: gender, academic year, study grade, school type, school class, city scale, economic status, residential type, experience in alcohol, experience in smoking, obesity, frequency of medium-level physical exercise, eating breakfast frequency, hours of sleeping, number of tooth-brushing in one day, brushing teeth after lunch frequency, experience in dental treatment and experience in oral health training. Conclusions: In order to improve the oral health of juveniles with drug experience, health behaviors such as stop-smoking, stop-drinking and regular physical exercise are recommended. In addition, they should stop using drugs that threats their oral health. The development of nursing intervention to maintain the continuous enhancement of their oral health is also required.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.271-286
• /
• 2011

The role of information in knowledge society has changed. Library refers to information centre, which is actively involved information collection and promoting use of for the development of individual and society. Modern libraries are the centres of interaction for all interested in accessing information and in participating in the marathon of the present competitive age. Information and a conducive environment of its free flow is a vital tool in all forms of human endeavour. It is the link pin of national development. For a nation to develop it needs to have and provide relevant, updated and adequate information on food security, health, democracy, population, education, family planning, youth empowerment, gender quality, environment etc. The information intermediaries are the persons to modulate these complexities and find match between the information sources and users needs to satisfaction of Ranganathan's law: Books are for use; Every reader his/her book; Every book its reader; Save the time of the reader; Library is a growing organism. The relative importance of these norms in modern context has been evident from experience, study, observations, discussions, etc., and only by scientists and technologists, but also by managers, planners, and policy makers. They recognize the usefulness of information in the performance of their needs information needs. Libraries are therefore proper management, provision and dissemination of such information. It is clearly visible in the contemporary context, that the libraries in the knowledge society are much more than the book depositories This article looks at the theory/practice divide in library and information science and particularly Ranganathan's contributions, basic statements remain as valid in substance if not in expression as -to-day as when they were promulgated, concisely representing the ideal service and organizational philosophy of libraries today.

• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.61-73
• /
• 1991

The exhibition activity that a company is rendering to their consumers for the purpose of advertisement, sales promotion and enhancement of company inage get more and more internationalized and specialized. A company is changing from mass production system to small quantity production of various kinds to meet consumer's individualization and differentiation. Also, a company is experiencing a major change in their marketing strategy. As the society is entering on Information Age, the contents that a company intends to give consumer may be different individually. If a consumer is informed wrong information of the goods, a company needs a place to meet consumer face to face where the consumer feels and understands the substance of the goods. This is the current characteristics of Exhibition Media. Based on the result of the current Special Exhibition home and abroad along with background and characteristics of special Exhibition, this study sets a following task reflecting the general trend of social, cultural and economic atmosphere. First, Current Exhibition Industry will be diversified into more Specialized Exhibition, while our Exhibition Industry is very shaky under severe international competition. Also, Exhibition Plan that involves with architecture, interior, graphic, industrial design and advertisement, etc., needs international competitiveness while enhancing identity of Exhibition Plan along with comprehensive marketing strategy in the future. Second, Among most of the local special Exhibitions which invite the general public are normally invited for company public relation contrary to those of U.S.A. and Europe. This signifies of our industrial and social structure's by-product. As the future exhibition become Information Com$$\mu$ication Exhibition which requires specialized technical explanation, the correct description of the goods should be set as a Judgement basis of Exhibition Plan. Third, In parallel with increase of the Exhibition, the equipment expenses of a company goes up continuously. In view of this, a study $$\mu$t be oriented for re-use and curtailment of expenditure of those equipment. Also, as the use of Assembly System B on the rise as a result of diversification of special Exhibition, a study on the development of new material & design for Exhibition Equipment only B required.

• 공학교육연구
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 2014

The rapid development of science & technology and the globalization of society have accelerated the fractionation and specialization of academic disciplines. Accordingly, Korean colleges and universities are continually dropping antiquated courses to make room for new courses that better meet societal demands. With emphasis placed on providing students with a broader range of choices in terms of course selection, compulsory courses have given way to elective courses. On average, 4 year institutions of higher learning in Korea currently offer somewhere in the neighborhood of 1,000 different courses yearly. The classification of an ever growing list of courses offered and the practical use of such data would not be possible without the aid of computers. For example, if we were able to show the pre/post requisite relationship among various courses as well as the commonalities in substance among courses, such data generated regarding the interrelationship of different courses would undoubtedly greatly benefit the students, as well as the professors, during course registration. Furthermore, the GT system's relatively simple approach to course classification and coding will obviate the need for the development of a more complicated keyword based search engine, and hopefully contribute to the standardization of the course coding scheme in the future..Therefore, as a sample case project, this study will use GT to classify and code all courses offered at the College of Engineering of K University, thereby developing a system that will facilitate the scanning of relevant courses.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.109-124
• /
• 2008

2007년 개정 수학과 교육과정의 특징 중 하나는 단계형 수준별 교육과정을 폐지하고 수준별 수업을 내실화하는 것이다. 수준별 수업의 실제 운영을 위해서는 학생들의 성취수준을 어떤 기준으로 어떻게 판단할 것인가의 문제가 선결되어야 한다. 이를 통해 개별 학생이 어떤 성취수준에 있는지, 그리고 특정 성취수준에 속한 학생은 교육과정에 제시된 각각의 성취기준에 얼마만큼 도달하였는지를 판단할 수 있어야 하고, 이를 토대로 해당 학생의 수준에 부합하는 교육을 제공하여야 할 것이다. 본 논문에서는 수준별 반 편성을 위한 학생들의 성취수준 판단 방법으로서 현행 국가수준 학업성취도 평가에서 활용되고 있는 앙고프 방법(Angoff method)을 소개한다 그리고 성취수준별 대표 문항의 개념 및 수준별 수업에의 활용 방안을 학생들의 성취수준 진단 문제를 중심으로 논의한다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2004

This paper aims to examine how well university students, who are going to be primary school teachers, understand the International System of Units (SI), focusing on seven basic units such as 'm', '㎏', '㏖', 'A', 'K', 's', 'cd'. This study specifically investigates whether the students know the seven units and understand their uses and how they read and learn them. The subjects were 1030 students from the University of Education in Jinju, Geongsangnamdo. Data was collected through a questionnaire which was designed by this researcher and checked by an authority, and the frequency and percentage of reponses to each question were obtained and analysed. Findings show all the students knew very well that 'm' and '㎏' are included in the seven units, compared to the others which low percentage of the students considered as the elements. In terms of understanding of use, the units of the length 'm', the mass '㎏', and the time 's' are well understood, presumably, because they are often used in ordinary life and school, while the amount of substance '㏖', the electric current 'A', the thermodynamic temperature 'K', and the luminous intensity 'cd' are not as well understood. It is probably because 'A', 'cd', and 'K' are hardly used in everyday life. With respect to reading the units, the subjects read 'm', '㎏', '㏖', and's' much better than the others. As for the source of learning them, most students answered they learned them in schools, which implies school education is very important. From these results it is concluded that school education should be accompanied with use in everyday life for understanding and using the units. SI Base Units understanding was investigated by an academic year. According to this investigation, generally the right answer rate differed 4<2<3<1 by an academic year in order. For the Senior, Sophomore appeared the right answer rate more high. because, they learned before in deepening or elementary course on chemistry and physics related with SI Base Units. On the other hand, for the junior answered low rate by this reason that they couldn't remember about SI Base Units that learned before. For the Freshman appeared low rate by this reason that they were not learned or graduated from the department of liberal art in high school.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.20.1-20.14
• /
• 2020

Objectives: To minimize the tooth sensitivity caused by in-office bleaching, many dentists use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and topical desensitizing gels containing potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of these substances on inflammation and the expression of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in pulp nerve fibers. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two rats were divided into 6 groups as follows: GI, control; GII, only dental bleaching; GIII, only ibuprofen; GIV, ibuprofen administered 30 minutes before and after the bleaching treatment and every 12 hours until the analysis; GV, only topical application of a desensitizing agent; and GVI, topical application of a desensitizing agent before dental bleaching. Placebo gel was applied to the upper left jaw and the bleaching agent was applied to the upper right jaw in all groups. Subsequently, the groups were divided into 3 subgroups based on the time of analysis: 0, 24, and 48 hours after bleaching (n = 8). The rats were euthanized and the maxillae were processed and evaluated by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Dunn test (p < 0.05). Results: In the bleaching groups, the inflammatory process and expression of neuropeptides decreased over time. The animals in which a desensitizing agent was applied showed better results within 24 hours. Conclusions: The use of a desensitizing agent had positive effects on inflammation and pain-related neuropeptide expression, minimizing the painful effects of dental bleaching treatment.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.84-94
• /
• 2018

Background: This paper describes a simple-to-use and reliable screening tool called Critical Task Exposure Screening (CTES), developed by a chemical company. The tool assesses if the exposure to a chemical for a task is likely to be within acceptable levels. Methods: CTES is a Microsoft Excel tool, where the inhalation risk score is calculated by relating the exposure estimate to the corresponding occupational exposure limit (OEL) or occupational exposure band (OEB). The inhalation exposure is estimated for tasks by preassigned ART1.5 activity classes and modifying factors. Results: CTES requires few inputs. The toxicological data, including OELs, OEBs, and vapor pressure are read from a database. Once the substance is selected, the user specifies its concentration and then chooses the task description and its duration. CTES has three outputs that may trigger follow-up: (1) inhalation risk score; (2) identification of the skin hazard with the skin warnings for local and systemic adverse effects; and (3) status for carcinogenic, mutagenic, or reprotoxic effects. Conclusion: The tool provides an effective way to rapidly screen low-concern tasks, and quickly identifies certain tasks involving substances that will need further review with, nevertheless, the appropriate conservatism. This tool shows that the higher-tier ART1.5 inhalation exposure assessment model can be included effectively in a screening tool. After 2 years of worldwide extensive use within the company, CTES is well perceived by the users, including the shop floor management, and it fulfills its target of screening tool.

• Healthcare Informatics Research
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.253-262
• /
• 2018

Objectives: We reviewed digital epidemiological studies to characterize how researchers are using digital data by topic domain, study purpose, data source, and analytic method. Methods: We reviewed research articles published within the last decade that used digital data to answer epidemiological research questions. Data were abstracted from these articles using a data collection tool that we developed. Finally, we summarized the characteristics of the digital epidemiological studies. Results: We identified six main topic domains: infectious diseases (58.7%), non-communicable diseases (29.4%), mental health and substance use (8.3%), general population behavior (4.6%), environmental, dietary, and lifestyle (4.6%), and vital status (0.9%). We identified four categories for the study purpose: description (22.9%), exploration (34.9%), explanation (27.5%), and prediction and control (14.7%). We identified eight categories for the data sources: web search query (52.3%), social media posts (31.2%), web portal posts (11.9%), webpage access logs (7.3%), images (7.3%), mobile phone network data (1.8%), global positioning system data (1.8%), and others (2.8%). Of these, 50.5% used correlation analyses, 41.3% regression analyses, 25.6% machine learning, and 19.3% descriptive analyses. Conclusions: Digital data collected for non-epidemiological purposes are being used to study health phenomena in a variety of topic domains. Digital epidemiology requires access to large datasets and advanced analytics. Ensuring open access is clearly at odds with the desire to have as little personal data as possible in these large datasets to protect privacy. Establishment of data cooperatives with restricted access may be a solution to this dilemma.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.24-37
• /
• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this literature review is to analyze process of manufacture and formulation and toxicity of Geumgweyoryak(金匱要略)'s external applicants for modern and safe using. Methods : This study used the Geumgweyoryak(金匱要略) reprinted by Zhao Kaimei(趙開美) as basic data for a understanding of the manufacture and formulation and toxicity for external applicants. Among the 25 chapters, the 22 chapters were studied except for the last three chapters, which are known to be written by later writers. Based on the above, Geumgweyoryeok(金匱要略)'s external applicants was analyzed the process of manufacture, formulation and the toxicity. Results : There are 11 types of external applicants of Geumgweyoryak(金匱要略). Washing method(洗法) was used 2 times, Drop method(瀝法) was used 1 time, Smoke method(熏法) was used 2 times, Rubbing method(摩法) was used 1 time, Plaster method(敷法) was used 2 times, Invading method(浸法) was used 1 time, Suppository method (坐法) was used 2 times, Flatiron method(烙法) was used 1 time. According to classified the modern formulation, there are 4 types of powder formulation, 4 types of liquid formulation, 2 types of suppository, and 1 type of Semi-solid formulation. Especially toxic drugs, such as Realgar(雄黃) or Hydrocerussite(鉛粉), should be careful. When Realgar(雄黃) smokes, a toxic substance called AS2O3 can come out. Hydrocerussite(鉛粉) can cause lead poisoning. Lead increases the risk of anemia, dehydration, and lead neuropathy when chronically exposed. Conclusion : We supposed that this study can serve as a basic data to help clinical Korean doctors to use the prescription for external applicants more safely and to easily apply it in the form of external applicants.