• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.362-374
• /
• 2013

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the inhibitory effect of Banhasasim-tang on early reflux esophagitis by control of gastric peristalsis and the lower esophageal sphincter in mice. Methods : Experimental mice were classified into three groups. The normal group were mice with no inflammation. The control group were mice with gastroesophageal reflux elicited by alcohol. The sample group were mice administered Banhasasim-tang after gastroesophageal reflux elicitation. We observed morphological change and production of ghrelin, substance P, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in gastroesophageal junction mucosa. In addition, we examined change of epithelial junction in esophageal mucosa and change of lower esophageal sphincter distribution. Results : The migration of inflammation-related cells in lamina propria of gastroesophageal junction decreased more in the sample group than in the control group. The positive reaction of ghrelin, substance P, and iNOS significantly decreased more in the sample group than in the control group (p<0.05). Injury of the epithelial junction in the esophageal mucosa and outer oblique layer in the lower esophageal sphincter were significantly mitigated by Banhasasim-tang administration in the sample group (p<0.05). Conclusions : According to the above results, it is supposed that Banhasasim-tang inhibits early reflux esophagitis by controlling not only gastric peristalsis and acid secretion through ghrelin, and substance P but also the lower esophageal sphincter through iNOS.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.1672-1678
• /
• 2009

The purified antifungal substances produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IUB158-03 was positive to ninhydrin but negative to aniline, suggesting that the antifungal substance could be a peptide. FAB-MS, UV adsorption spectrum, and amino acid composition analysis revealed that the molecular weight of the antifungal substance was 1042 and that maximal adsorption was at 220 nm and 277 nm. The antifungal substance was composed of $Asn_3$, $Gln_2$, $Ser_1$, $Gly_1$, and $Tyr_1$. The composition and structural characteristics of antifungal substance were analysed by $^1H$-NMR spectrum, $^1H$-COSY, HMQC, which revealed that the compound belongs to the iturin A family. Temperature and pH had little effect on the stability of the antifungal substance in the ranges of $-70{\sim}121^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0~10.0, respectively. It showed strong antibiotic activity against fungi. An in vitro cytotoxicity test using NIH3T3 cell showed that the antifungal substance does not have cytotoxicity. The number of circulating leukocytes and the hematobiological analysis of the mice administered with the antifungal substances was similar to those of the control group, indicating no cytotoxicity in vivo. Therefore, the antifungal substances extracted from culture broth of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IUB158-03 have future potential as biocontrol agents against plant diseases caused by fungi.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 1984

The followings are the results obtained from the investigation of isolation and cultural conditions of a fungus producing antibiotic from humus, spring soil, paddy, field and etc. 1. Among fungi which were capable of antimicrobial sub stance producing at the $45^{\circ}C$, Strain H-3 was selected as test st rain because of its efficiency in antimicrobial substance producing. 2. Strain H-3 was identified as a Aspergullus fumigatus by the mophological properties. 3. The compositions of optimun media for the production of antimicrobial substance were followed;glucose 20g, $NaNO_3$ 3g, $K_2HPO_4$ 1g, $CaCl_2$ 0.5g, $MgSo_4$ 0.5g, $FeSO_4$ 0.005g. 4. Optimum culture conditions were founded to be pH 5.0, $40^{\circ}C$ respectively. 5. The maximum antimicrobial substance producing obtained in this study was showed 14mm of clear zone after 72 hrs incubation under the optimum conditions. 6. AF-c substance was active against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeast but not mold in its biological properties.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.7 s.87
• /
• pp.983-989
• /
• 2007

Bacillus lichemiformis Kll, a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium was reported as a producer of auxin, siderophore, as well as antifungal cellulase under some culture conditions. In vitro test, B. licheniformis Kll represented excellent antagonistic ability against Fusarium oxyspoum (KACC 40037), and showed broad spectrum against other phytopathogenic fungi. B. licheniformis Kll had cellulolytic activity toward not only carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) but also insoluble cellulose, such as fungal cell wall cellulose, filter paper (Whatman No. 1), and Avicel. In addition, we confirmed antifungal substance production by butanol-extract methods. The strain produced optimally the antifungal substance when it was cultivated at pH 9.0, 30${\circ}$C for 4 days on nutrient medium. The biological control mechanisms of B. lichemiformis Kll were caused by antifungal substance, cellulase and siderophore against phytopathogenic fungi.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.42-50
• /
• 2009

Fifty-four Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strains isolated in Korea were characterized by a spectrum of antibacterial activities against 7 indicator strains chosen to represent various regions and host plants. All P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum isolates tested could be grouped into 4 classes depending on the pattern of antibacterial substance production. All tested strains had DNA fragment(s) homologous to the genes encoding carotovoricin and 21 of them had genes homologous to DNA invertase. Sixteen strains had genes homologous to the genes encoding carocin S1. Several isolates produced antibacterial substances active against strains in Brenneria, Pantoea, and Pectobacterium genera that belonged formerly to the genus Erwinia. Strains in Pseudomonas or Xanthomonas sp. were not sensitive to the antibacterial substances produced by P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, except for X. albilineans that was sensitive to antibacterial substances produced by most strains in P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and P. betavasculorum KACC10056. These results demonstrated the diverse patterns of antibacterial substance production and the possibility of the existence of new antibacterial substance(s) produced by P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum isolated in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.123-128
• /
• 2008

The Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) existing in a water includes both hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances however, most of the discussion focuses on hydrophobic substances. The hydrophobic fraction was easily removed by absorption or coagulation more than hydrophilic fraction. Therefore, control of the hydrophilic fraction is very important in water treatment process. This study is to determine the variation of DOC, the removal efficiency of DOC, and Trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) after each stage of water treatment process by fractionating Natural Organic Matters (NOM) into hydrophobic and hydrophilic substance. DOC from raw water was fractionated at acidic pH (pH<2) using XAD 8 resin column, into two fraction : hydrophobic substance (i.e. humic substance) adsorbed on XAD 8 and hydrophilic substance which represent the organics contained in the final effluent. THMFP was carried out according to the following set condition: Cl2/DOC=4 mg/mg, incubation at $25^{\circ}C$ in darkness, pH 7 adjust with HCl or NaOH as necessary, and 72hour-contact time. THMs analyzed in this study were chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethan, and bromoform. Sewage was almost evenly split between the hydrophobic (56%) and hydrophilic fraction (44%). But, Aldrich humic substance (AHS) was found to contain less hydrophilics (14%) than hydrophobics (86%). The formation of THMs may depend on the source which is characterized by the composition of organic matters such as AHS and sewage. The THMFP yield of sewage and AHS were assessed as follows. The value of the THMFP reaction yield, AHS $172.65{\mu}g/mg$, is much higher than that of sewage $41.68{\mu}g/mg$. This illustrates possible significant difference in THMFP according to the component type and the proportion of organic matter existing in water source. Apparently AHS react with chlorine to produce more THMFP than do the smaller molecules found in sewage. Water treatment process may reduce THMFP, nevertheless residual DOC (the more hydrophilic substance) has significant THMFP. Further reduction in organic halide precursors requires application of alternative treatment techniques.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.13 no.2_3
• /
• pp.76-79
• /
• 1969

A colorless needle crystlline substance, m.p. 170-$171^{\circ}C$ was obtained from the bark of Firmiana platanifolia in 4% yield. The acetylation derivative of this compound shows m.p. 163--$164^{\circ}C$. Through pharmacological screening tests, it was found that the original substance has an augmented contractility for isolated frog muscle in doses of 2.5$\times$10$^{-4}$ - 1$\times$10$^{-3}$g/ml.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.399-405
• /
• 1996

In the culture medium, the three antifungal fractions against P. capsici were separated by Sephadex G-25 column chromatography and Silica-gel chromatography. The substance A in white powder and the substance B in sticky oil were isolated by ethyl acetate : acetone mixture(7 : 3), and the substance C in yellow powder was isolated by chloroform : ethyl acetate mixture(95 : 5). The crude extract by ethyl acetate from the culture medium acidified to pH 2 was known to inhibit completely the growth of P. capsici at the level of $50mgkg^{-1}$. The substance A and B were known to be effective above the level of $5mgkg^{-1}$, and the substance C was effective above the level of $1mgkg^{-1}$. However, at the level of $20mgkg^{-1}$, the efficiency was in the order of A>C>B. It is apparent on a pot-experiment scale that the three substances effectively control Phytophthora blight of the red-pepper plant grown in the soil inoculated with P. capsici.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.233-235
• /
• 1976

Substances $I{\sim}VII$ are isolated from the root of Glehnia littoralis which has been often used as a subsitute of Bang-Poong in Korea. White needle crystalline substance of $C_{29}H_{50}O$, m.p. $137{\sim}139^{\circ}C$ was confirmed as ${\beta}-sitosterol$ through elemental analysis, derivative synthesis, IR and physicochemical tests. Moreover, it was concluded that white needle crystal of $C_{12}H_{8}O_{4}$, m.p. $188{\sim}189^{\circ}$ was confirmed as bergapten, through a contrast test with standard substance and by UV and IR-spectra. It was found that substance III and VII coincided with the Rf values of imperatorin and umbelliferone and to its colors under the UV-ray, and its similarity to UV-spectrum can be recognized, but their melting points are remarkedly different respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.529-532
• /
• 1989

A strain of Streptomyces sp. (YS-221-B) extracellularly produced an inhibitory substance for $\alpha$-D-Glucosidase. The substance was purified 96-fold from culture filtrate by dialysis, heat treatment, adsorption on active carbon, Bio-Gel P-10 and Sephadex G-75 column chromatography with yield of 9.2%. The substance was stable in pH range from 7.0 to 11.0 at 37$^{\circ}C$, and a treatment at 10$0^{\circ}C$ for 20 min diminished only 15% of the original activity. The inhibitor was not inactivated by the treatment of $\alpha$-, $\beta$-amylases, glucoamylases, trypsin and chymotrypsin but inactivated by pyoteases from Streptomyces griseus and Tritirachium album.