• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6541-6544
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• 2015

Background: Laryngeal malignancy is a common malignancy of the head and neck region. Affected patients usually present with features that are characteristic of certain subsites. The larynx is oncologically divided into three: supraglottis, glottis and subglottis. Studies from Western countries have shown that the glottis is the commonest subsite to harbour laryngeal malignancy. However, the supraglottis has been reported to be the commonest subsite in developing countries, including examples in the Indian subcontinent. To our knowledge, no study has been carried out in western Nepal about the epidemiology of laryngeal cancer to date. The purpose of this study was to analyse the epidemiology of laryngeal cancer in relation to its risk factors, age distribution,and preferred subsites and to see if there is any recent change in the subsite wise distribution of laryngeal malignancy in western Nepal. Materials and Methods: Patients of all ages and both sexes with suspected laryngeal malignancy were enrolled in the initial study. Detailed history taking and clinical examination was performed to find out the involved subsite in relation to the clinical features. Direct laryngoscopy was performed to further confirm the subsite and to take biopsy from the growth under general anesthesia. After confirmation of malignancy from the biopsy report, patients were finally included in the study. Data were analysed and observations were made to find out the distribution of laryngeal malignancy in different subsites. Results: The supraglottic larynx was the commonest subsite to harbor laryngeal malignancy. Smoking and alcohol were found to be the common risk factors. The mean age of the patients was in their sixties. Conclusions: Laryngeal malignancy is common in elderly individuals. Supraglottic laryngeal malignancy is the commonest laryngeal malignancy in people who smoke and drink alcohol in Nepal. Avoidance of alcohol use and smoking will be a milestone to reduce the incidence of laryngeal cancers and associated mortality.

• BMB Reports
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.94-99
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• 1995

The properties of binding sites in the active site of $Zn^{2+}$-glycerophosphocholine cholinephosphodiesterase were examined using substrates and inhibitors of the enzyme. Phosphodiesterase hydrolyzed p-nitrophenylphosphocholine, p-aminophenylphosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine, but did not hydrolyze either acylated glycerophosphocholine or bis (p-nitrophenyl)phosphate, suggesting a size limitation for interaction with a glyceryl moiety-binding subsite. The hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylphosphocholine was competitively inhibited by glycerophosphocholine and p-aminophenylphosphocholine, while glycerophosphoethanolamine was a weak inhibitor. The enzyme was also inhibited by choline, but not by ethanolamine. Thiocholine, a much more potent inhibitor than choline, was more inhibitory than cysteamine, suggesting a strict specificity of an anionic subsite adjacent to a $Zn^{2+}$ subsite. Of all oxyanions tested, the tellurite ion was found to strongly inhibit the enzyme by binding to a $Zn^{2+}$ subsite. The inhibitory role of tellurite was synergistically enhanced by tetraalkylammonium salts, but not by glycerol. Deactivation of the enzyme by diethylpyrocarbonate was partially protected by choline, but not by glycerophosphate. It is suggested that the active site of phosphodiesterase contains three binding subsites.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2004

$\AA$의 분해능을 가진 Bacillus macerans에서 분리 정제한 cyclodextrin glucanotransferase의 결정 구조를 X-ray를 이용하여 분자 대치법을 사용하여 밝혔다. 정확한 구조는 16.6% ( $R_{free}$ = 20.5%)의 결정학적 R-factor를 가지고 있다. 두 개의 $Ca^{2+}$$_{-}$/ 이온이 점유된 새로운 금속 결합자리는 활성 자리의 도달 채널에서 발견되었다. $Ca^{2+}$$_{-}$/ 이온에 결합하는 음의 하전을 띤 아미노산 잔기들이 많이 밀집되어 있고 이 때, domain A ($\alpha$H에서 아미노산 잔기 283-297)의 중심부에 연결 부분은 $\beta$ 13-$\alpha$G 이었다. $\beta$13-$\alpha$G 부분은 활성 자리의 입구에 위치한 subsite 1에서 -1 과 Tyr260 (subsite 2)사이에 있는 촉매 부위 Glu258을 포함하고 있다. 비록 $\alpha$-CGTase 부류에서 잘 보존되어 있지는 않으나, 새로운 $Ca^{2+}$$_{-}$/ 자리 3a,b가 이 $\alpha$-CGTase의 활성도와 생성물의 특이성에 중요한 역할을 하리라 추측된다.다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2695-2698
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• 2012

Introduction: Design and implementation of screening programs in each country must be based on epidemiological data. Despite the relatively high incidence of CRC, there is no nationwide comprehensive program for screening in Iran. This study was designed to investigate national CRC data and help to determine guidelines for screening. Methods: Incidence data used in this study were obtained from Iranian annual of National Cancer Registration report. Age standardized rates (ASR)were calculated using world standard population and were categorized by age, sex, anatomic subsite and morphology of tumor. Data were analyzed using SPSS.V.13 and Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health software (OpenEpi v.2.3.1). Results: A quarter of cases were less than 50 years of age. The majority of tumors were detected in the colon. The overall ASR in the four years period was 38.0 per 100000 and was higher for men compared women (P<0.05). Incidence rate of colorectal cancer increased with age. Conclusion: Results of present study indicated that incidence of colorectal cancer is relatively high in Iran. Incidence of CRC in people under 50 years and in rectum were reported higher than other countries that related etiologic factors should be investigate in further studies. According to the increasing of ASR after age 50 years, it seems that onset of screening at age 50 would be appropriate.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 2002년도 제54차 추계 학술대회 연제집
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• pp.437-438
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• 2002

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1996년도 제48차 추계 학술대회 연제집
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• pp.117-118
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• 1996

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.189-195
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• 1997

부위특이적 변이제작을 통하여 Achromobacter protease I (API)의 lysin에 대한특이성의 구조적 근거를 조사하였다. Lysine 특이성을 결정하는 결정기로서 예상되는 잔기중의 하나인 Glu190을 glutamine, aspartic acid, leucine으로 치환하였을 경우, 전구체단백질은 Iysine 특이성을 가진 완전한 활성효소로서 발현되어 자기촉매적으로 processing되었다. 다른 하나의 잔기인 Asp225을 asparagine, leucine으로 치환한 변이체에서는 불활성 전구체인 pro-API으로서 발현되었으나, 변이체 (D225E)의 경우는 서서히 자기촉매적으로 maturation 되었다. 성숙체인 변이체 (D225E)의 Iysylendopeptidase 활성은 wild-type APl의 0.25%이였으며, 이 활성의 감소는 기질 Iysine과 효소와의 친화력 감소가 주 원인이었다. 이러한 결과로부터 Asp225가 Iysylendopeptidase의 엄격한 기질특이성에 결정적인 역할을 담당한다는 것이 시사되었다. 한편, 변이체 (D225E)는 ornithine 기질에 대해서 효소활성 이 검출되지 않았다. 이 변이체의 촉매잔기인 Ser194가 native API과 마찬가지로 DFP, PMSF와 근본적으로 동일한 반응성이 있는 것으로 나타나 225번 위치의 methylene 1 unit 더 긴 측사는 subsite P1의 methylene 1 unit 짧은 측사에 의해 보상되지 않는다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.132-136
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• 1995

The laryngeal cancer is a cancer of secondary sex organ, such as malignant tumors of the mammary gland, endometrium, and prostate. The clinical characteristics of the female laryngeal cancers are considered somewhat to be different from that of male. As cancer of the larynx is principally a disease of men, many investigations have showed the characteristics of the male laryngeal cancers. For understanding the clinical characteristics of the female laryngeal cancers, we analyzed 21 cases of laryngeal cancer in women, diagnosed and treated in our institute during the last 10 years. The results were, 1) In female subjects, supraglottis was most common subsite of laryngeal cancer(85.7%). 2) On histopathologic grade, the moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was the most common (80.9%). 3) The positive neck nodes were 19 %, considered to be lower than that of total laryngeal cancer. 4) The treatment results, the 2 year disease free rate and 5 year survival rate were 88.9%, 83.3%, respectively. These results suggest, therefore, female laryngeal cancers are more likely to be supraglottic cancer than glottic cancer. In spite of high incidence of supraglottic cancer, the nodal metastases are rare, the prognosis appeared to be good.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.279-282
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• 2012

Background: Although more than two third of colorectal cancers are localized on the left side, recent studies suggest a right ward shift in anatomical distribution with increase in proximal colon cancers. The aim of the present study was to determine the anatomical distribution of colorectal cancer in a referral center over a 15 year period. Method: Records of patients who underwent colectomy in the Cancer Institute of Iran from 1994 to 2009 were retrieved. Data including anatomical localization, year of diagnosis, patient age and gender, tumor histology and differentiation, and disease stage were extracted. Tumors located from the cecum to the distal transverse colon were classified as right side and those occurring from the splenic flexure to the descending colon as left-sided. Cancer of rectum and recto-sigmoid junction were considered as rectal cancers. Results: A total of 442 patients including 220 (49/8%) men and 222 (50/2%) women with mean age 53 were included. Most patients were in stage II &III (47.1% and 33% respectively). There were 157 (35.5 %) colon cancers and 285 (64.5%) rectal cancers. 43.3% of the colon cancers were right sided and 56.7% were left sided. There was no statistically significant increase in right sided cancer during the period of the study. There were no significant differences in age at diagnosis, gender, grade and stage of tumor between the right and the left sided cancers. Conclusion: No proximal shift over time was identified in our study.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.242-249
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the dosimetry of electron beam (EB) plans and three-dimensional helical tomotherapy (3DHT) plans for the patients with left-sided breast cancer, who underwent breast conserving surgery. Materials and Methods: We selected total of 15 patients based on the location of tumor, as following subsite: subareolar, upper outer, upper inner, lower lateral, and lower medial quadrants. The clinical target volume (CTV) was defined as the area of architectural distortion surrounded by surgical clip plus 1 cm margin. The conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), quality of coverage (QC) and dose-volume parameters for the CTV, and organ at risk (OAR) were calculated. The following treatment techniques were assessed: single conformal EB plans; 3DHT plans with directional block of left anterior descending artery (LAD); and 3DHT plans with complete block of LAD. Results: 3DHT plans, regardless of type of LAD block, showed significantly better CI, HI, and QC for the CTVs, compared with the EB plans. However, 3DHT plans showed increase in the $V_{1Gy}$ at skin, left lung, and left breast. In terms of LAD, 3DHT plans with complete block of LAD showed extremely low dose, while dose increase in other OARs were observed, when compared with other plans. EB plans showed the worst conformity at upper outer quadrants of tumor bed site. Conclusion: 3DHT plans offer more favorable dose distributions to LAD, as well as improved target coverage in comparison with EB plans.