• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.48
• /
• pp.117-139
• /
• 2017

The possibility of interactivity of digital media environment is adopted in human expression system and integrates the dynamic aspect of digital technology with expressive structure, thereby transforming the paradigm of image acceptance as well as image expression range. Virtual reality images have an important meaning in that they are changing the one-way mechanism of production and acceptance of images that lead to producers-video-audiences beyond the problem of verisimilitude such as how vividly they simulate reality. First of all, the virtual reality image is not one-sided but interactive image composed by the user. Viewing a virtual reality image does not just see the camera shine, but it gets the same view as in the real world. Therefore, the image that was controlled through framing changes to be configured positively by the user. This implies a change in the paradigm of image acceptance as well as a change in the existing form of the image itself. In addition, the narrative structure of the image and the subjects that are formed in the process are also required to be discussed. In the virtual reality image, the user 's gaze is a fusion of the gaze inside the image and the gaze outside the image. This is because the position of the user as the subject of the gaze in the virtual reality image is continuously restricted by the device of the discourse such as the editing and the narration of the shot. The significance of the virtual reality image is not aesthetically perfect but it is reconstructed according to the user to reflect the existence of the user positively and engage the user in the image.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
• /
• v.9
• /
• pp.49-87
• /
• 2006

Narrative has broad domains. So it is related to the everything man faces in his daily life and also performed in various modes. Narrative is revealed through all media including a character, which is also applied to plastic art. And narrative objects formed beyond the differences in media aid forms of expression are commonly based on a language. The study on such objects which created a new conceit of narratology can be said to be a spiritual trend by which to understand the world and man from the viewpoint of a 'story'. Plastic art took high interest in narrative in the same period as the rise of postmodernist art in the latter half of the 20th century, which was also applied to sculpture. The researcher, therefore, investigated through the history of sculpture in the 20th century the process in which narrative was denied under the value system of modernism and reappeared with the quickening of postmodernism. And as a result this period could be briefly characterized by 'return to figure' and 'reappearance of narrative'. The is, such flow means that late sculpture converted its center of interest from simple geometric abstract forms to irregular, figurative images. The researcher chose as the subject of his study the work of Louise Bourgeois, who was judged to have performed narrative positively and successfully among a great number of performed narrative positively and successfully among a great number of postmodernist sculptors who adopted it as their own strategy of expression. As the central artist of postmodrnist sculpture, She expressed human desire and condition as sexuality through the introspection of her own personal experience in contrast to the character of pop art sensitive to external world. The researcher borrowed narrative semiotics as a method of analyzing more elaborately the problem about the generation of narrative shown in her works. For it, he selected as the sample work for analysis Bourgeois's , which were judged to contain narrative most abundantly and as the metaphor of a gaze and recollection presented a new woman self that sublimed love, hatred, and loneliness. The narrative in her works are characterized by introspection questioning one's own trauma. It has independent domain and characteristics and clearly reveals narrative and content-centered characteristics, which are commonly discovered in postmodernist sculpture. The researcher could more concretely and definitely understand the characteristics of narrative through figurative images by analyzing the sample work. The researcher wanted to call your attention to the fact that the sculpture in the late 20th century contained narrative commonly and uniformly despite being characterized by various expressions and modes. And the focused on highlighting the fact that the narrative was more effectively revealed through figurative images of human body and simultaneously analyzing the formalizing process and structure for narrative. Besides he wanted to argue that the position of narrative defining the characteristics of sculpture should be valued more justly. Also, such acceptance of narrative, which is discovered in the sculpture, will have to be understood as the characteristics of the period reflecting the cultural aspect of the present time.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.41 no.7
• /
• pp.575-583
• /
• 2017

This paper describes the design and evaluation of a driving mode decision algorithm for automated driving for merge situations on highways. For the development of a highly automated driving control algorithm for merge situations, the driving mode decision is crucial for merging appropriately. There are two driving modes: lane keeping and lane changing (merging). The merge mode decision is determined based on the state of the surrounding vehicles and the remaining length of the merge lane. In the merge mode decision algorithm, merge possibility and the desired merge position are decided to change the lane safely and quickly. A safety driving envelope is defined based on the desired driving mode using the information on the surrounding vehicles' behaviors. To obtain the desired steering angle and longitudinal acceleration for maintaining the subject vehicle in the safe driving envelope, a motion planning controller is designed using model predictive control (MPC), with constraints that are decided considering the vehicle dynamics, safe driving envelope, and actuator limit. The proposed control algorithm has been evaluated via computer simulation studies.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.11
• /
• pp.48-58
• /
• 1995

In 1981. KOREA applied YEAR OF WORLD DISABLED DESIGNNATED BY UN as starting point to begin noticing disabled and gradually improve and understand the problems of the disabled.This study considering the income level and welfare level selected basic most widely used wheelchair as subject of study. Design Application of this study's main analysis are as follolVs 1. MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE STUDY ANALYSIS!Basic concept of wheelchair is for persons uncapable of move by sitting down. so main focus of study was considered on equipment which on chair. 2. WHEELCHAm MOVEMENT STUDY ANALYSISlThrough movement and test measurement which can be considered as basic study of Ergonomics, observe movement changes accordingly. 3. BACK(MAIN) WHEEL AND HANDRIM MOVEMENT ANALYSIS / Seat and wheel as the most important component of a wheelchair, study the relation of handrim and hand movement and test the most effective and comfortable handrim. Direction of the study was concerntrated on three areas, with results and information collected, would like to suggest design change of X type collapsible chair in areas of size of SEAT(air pocket type), HANDRIM(anti-slip hump), ARMHEST(transfer movement, rubber padding. accent), and HANDLE(adjustable, round type). The content started this study is only one small position of understanding the disabled. Also, the importance of one of many business of assisting disabled rehabilitation. (IJISABLED, REHABILITATION. APPROACH)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.109-121
• /
• 2003

Lots of various utilities are buried under the surface. The effective management of underground utilities is becoming the very important subject for the harmonious administration of the city. Ground Penetrating Radar(GPR) survey including other various underground survey methods, is mainly used to detect the position and depth of buried underground utilities. However, GPR is not applicable, under the circumstances of shallow depth and places, where subsurface materials are inhomogeneous and are composed of clay, salt and gravels. The aim of this study is to overcome these limitations of GPR and other underground surveys. High-frequency electromagnetic (HFEM) method is developed for the non-destructive precise deep surveying of underground utilities. The method is applied in the site where current underground surveys are useless to detect the underground big pipes, because of poor geotechlical environment. As a result, HFEM survey was very successful in detecting the buried shallow and deep underground pipes and in obtaining the geotechnical information, although other underground surveys including GPR were not applicable. Therefore this method is a promising new technique in the lots of fields, such as underground surveying and archaeology.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.247-256
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of the pharyngeal space when the following appliances were inserted: the mandibular advancement appliance (MAA), tongue retaining appliance (TRA), and mandibular advancement-tongue retaining appliance (MATRA). Nine male dental students exhibiting Class I occlusion, normal body mass index (BMI), and no signs and symptoms of snoring were selected for this study. The three kinds of snoring appliances (MAA, TRA and MATRA) were fabricated for each subject. The mandibular advancement of the MAA and MATRA was set at a distance of 5 mm, and the TRA and MATRA were made to hold the tongue in front of the maxillary incisors by 10 to 20 mm. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of the following four states - with no appliance, MAA, TRA, and MATRA - were taken to examine any anatomical changes resulting from the application of the appliances. All four radiographs were traced and analyzed for twenty selected variables related to the pharyngeal space, cranio-cervical posture, and position of the soft palate and hyoid bone. According to the results of this study, there were significant increases in both the upper and lower oropharyngeal spaces when the mandible and tongue were protruded simultaneously, although there was a significant increase only in upper oropharyngeal space when the mandible or tongue was advanced separately. In conclusion, it is suggested that the MATRA may result in more positive effect on the control of snoring and OSA compared to a single use of the MAA or TRA, especially for the patients whose upper airway obstruction occurs in the lower oropharynx.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.136-143
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between morphology and position of deciduous double teeth, and the occurrence of other dental anomalies in the same subject. Four morphological types were indentified according to Ailing's classification: type I, bifid crown-single root; type II, large crown-large root; type III, two fused crowns-single root; type IV, two fused crowns-two fused roots. Fifty-four double teeth were found in a total of 1,803 children, who had visited Wonkwang university hospital for dental treatment from January 1, 2003 to September 30, 2003. All of these children were examined clinically and intra-oral radiographs were taken. The results were as follows; 1. 49 children(2.7%) had more than one double teeth, 5 of these children had two double teeth on the bilateral side. And one child showed triple teeth which has three crowns and three roots. 2. Double teeth were predominantly situated in the anterior region, with a preference for the mandible. The ratio of cases involving central incisor and lateral incisor was higher than other cases. 3. There were 25 cases(46.2%) of missing successors among 54 cases of the double teeth. And, prevalence of the missing teeth was highest in the cases involving maxillary central incisor and lateral incisor. 4. In the case of type II(large crown-large root) had more missing successors.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to assess the intra-rater, inter-rater and test-retest reliability and validity of frontal plane lower extremity alignment estimated from a rasterstereographic method using ABW-Mapper. Eighteen subjects participated in this study. The S angle (stereographic angle-frontal plane lower extremity alignment estimated from a rasterstereographic method) in standing was measured throughout the two sessions with one week interval by two different readers. In the first session, a reader measured S angle twice per subject with a short break in-between. The Q-angle (quadriceps angle) was measured using a standard goniometer from a photography taken through digital camera with the participant standing in the same position as in the S angle measurement. The HKA(hip-knee-ankle) angle was measured from a computer based digital radiograph with the computerized measurement software. Reliability was tested using intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC). Validity was tested using a Pearson's correlation coefficient. Excellent intra-rater(ICC=0.956~0.974), inter-rater(ICC=0.962), test-retest reliability (ICC=0.945) were demonstrated. There were strong negative correlations between S angle and Q-angle (r=-0.739), and between S angle and HKA angle (r=-0.702). Therefore, the S angle measured using a rasterstereographic mapper may be used to as a preliminary or supplementary tool to evaluate and study LE alignment in the frontal plane in relation to HKA angle or Q-angle.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.323-330
• /
• 2017

Knee sleeve has been used for prevention of sport injuries as well as rehabilitation. To investigate prevention of sport injuries of knee sleeve, it is important to evaluate balance associated with proprioception. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a knee sleeve with a pad that stimulate to golgi tendon organ (GTO_PAD) on proprioception and balance ability. Five healthy males were participated for the study. They were asked to reenact target angle with Biodex and perform one leg standing with knee sleeve and knee sleeve with GTO_PAD. There was no significant difference in %Target angle, but the value of %Target angle was higher in subjects wearing knee sleeve with GTO_PAD than only knee sleeve, except for one subject. During one leg standing, time duration was increased in subjects wearing knee sleeve with GTO_PAD. The length of center of pressure in x-axis (COPx) and COP in y-axis (COPy) were decreased when wearing knee sleeve with GTO_PAD (COPx : $162.06{\pm}58.99mm$ in knee sleeve vs. $149.03{\pm}45.30mm$ in knee sleeve with GTO_PAD, COPy : $310.79{\pm}115.89mm$ in knee sleeve, $291.57{\pm}76.53mm$ in knee sleeve with GTO_PAD). There was significant differences in INI_transition, steady, and LAT_transition phase (all, p < 0.05). These findings support that wearing knee sleeve with GTO_PAD might enhance proprioception and balance.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare GRF characteristics during walking wearing jogging and roller shoes. Twelve male middle school students (age: $15.0{\pm}0.0\;yrs$, height: $173.6{\pm}5.0\;cm$, weight: $587.6{\pm}89.3\;N$) who have no known musculoskeletal disorders were recruited as the subjects. Kinematic data from six S-VHS camcorders(Panasonic AG456, 60 fields/s) and GRF data from two force platform; (AMII OR6-5) were collected while subjects walked wearing roller and jogging shoes in random order at a speed of 1.1 m/s. An event sync unit with a bright LED light was used to synchronize the video and GRF recordings. GRF data were filtered using a 20 Hz low pass Butterworth. digital filter and further normalized to the subject's body weight. For each trial being analyzed, five critical instants and four phases were identified from the recording. Temporal parameters, GRFs, displacement of center of pressure (DCP), and loading and decay rates were determined for each trial. For each dependent variable, paired t-test was performed to test if significant difference existed between shoe conditions (p <.05). Vertical GRFs at heel contact increased and braking forces at the end of initial double limb stance reduced significantly when going from jogging shoe to roller shoe condition. Robbins and Waked (1997) reported that balance and vertical GRF are closely related It seems that the ankle and knee joints are locked in an awkward fashion at the heel contact to compensate for the imbalance. The DCP in the antero-posterior direction for the roller shoe condition was significantly less than the corresponding value for the jogging shoe condition. Because the subjects tried to keep their upper body weight in front of the hip to prevent falling backward, the DCP for the roller shoe condition was restricted The results indicate that walking with roller shoes had little effect on temporal parameters, and loading and decay rates. It seems that there are differences in GRF characteristics between roller shoe and jogging shoe conditions. The differences in GRF pattern may be caused primarily by the altered position of ankle, knee, and center of mass throughout the walking cycle. Future studies should examine muscle activation patterns and joint kinematics during walking with roller shoes.