• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2008

Purpose: The study was to develop an instrument to measure grandmothering stress for Korean day-care grandmothers and to test the validity and reliability of the instrument Method: The items of the instrument were based on a literature review and secondary data, After content validity tests and a pilot test, 20 items were developed. In order to test the reliability and validity of the scale, data were collected from 126 grandmothers. Result: After a factor analysis, five factors and 15 items were selected. These explained 67.2% of the total variance. The first domain was termed 'Health problems', and explained 18.1 % of the total variance, and the second domain of 'Possibility of role substitution' explained 13.8%. The third and the fourth domains were 'Relations with adult children' and 'Grandchildren's characteristics' explaining 12.5% and 12.1 %, respectively. The last domain explained 10.8% of the total variance with the theme 'Restriction of social life' After accomplishing the reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was determined to be .75. Conclusions : This initial step in the development of a Grandmothering Stress Index is valuable to reflect the subject of Grandmothering stress in senior citizens in Korea. Future study should to refine the constitution of the instrument.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1501-1506
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• 2015

Gemcitabine is an anti-cancer drug with clinically uses in the treatment of various neoplasms, including breast, ovarian, non-small cell lung, pancreaticand cervical cancers, T-cell malignancies, germ cell tumours, and hepatocellular carcinomas. However, it has also been reported to have many adverse effects. Naturally occurring anti-mutagenic effects, especially those of plant origin, have recently become a subject of intensive research. The present study was therefore designed to investigate the anti-mutagenic effects of Salvia merjamie (Family: Lamiaceae) plant extracts against the mutagenic effects of gemcitabine. The anti-mutagenic properties of Salvia merjamie were tested in Inbred SWR/J male and female mice bone marrow cells. The mice were treated in four groups; a control group treated with 30 mg/kg body weight gemcitabine and three treatment groups, each with 30 mg/kg body weight gemcitabine together with, respectively, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight Salvia merjamie extract. Chromosomal aberration and mitotic index assays were performed with the results demonstrating that Salvia merjamie extract protects bone marrow cells in mice against gemcitabine induced mutagenicity. This information can be used for the development of a potential therapeutic anti-mutagenic agents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.656-667
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• 1992

This study was designed to investigate the effect of environmental an d physiological factors on bone mineral density(BMD) of the lumbar spine(L2longrightarrowL4) in 41 postmenopausal women. There were a positive relationships between BMD of the lumbar spine and monthly income food expenses pocket money energy expenditure(EXP) per day sociocultural EXP activity intensity time of standing and walking or age at first pregnancy. BMD of the lumbar spine was negatively correlated with age Engel index time of sleeping and sitting number of childbirty and children period of breastfeeding or menopausal period. But there were no significant relationships between BMD and physiological domestic EXP body mass index age at menar-che menstruation cycle or age at menopause. The complex interrelations between BMD and these variables were examined using stepwise multiple regression analysis. From this analysis in subject aged 50~59 years. EXP per body weight physiological EXP age at menopause time of sleeping were positively significant independent predictors of BMD. In subjects aged 60~69 years, . time of walking only and in total subjects. EXP per body weight pocket money were positively significant independent predictors ofBMD. This study suggest that EXP and pocket money are major constituents affection lumbar spine BMD in postmenopausal women.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.11-17
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study were to analyze fatigue patterns of the rectus femoris muscle by isometric contraction. Methods: Twenty healthy subjects(10 male, 10 female) participated in this study. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction(MVIC) was measured by the dynamometer. Muscle activity was recorded from the rectus femoris muscle. During the experiment, the subject was seated in the chair. The measured items, median frequency(MDF) and root mean square (RMS), were collected from the surface EMG. All data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was significant difference of MVIC between male and female. Endurance time was significant difference by the level of MVIC but no significant in the main effect(sex) and interaction effect. The MDF and fatigue index were significant differences in the interaction effect. The RMS was not significant difference in both of main and interaction effect. The muscle fatigue patterns of female was greater than male after 60% MVIC. Conclusion: This study showed that sex differences of muscle fatigue were started from 60% MVIC.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was NIHSS(National Institutes of Health stroke scale) to activities of Daily Living stroke patient. We designed a 17 item neurogic Examination NIHSS use in acute stroke therapy trials. In a study of stroke patient. Assessment were measured by the NIHSS and by the MBI (Modified Barthel Index) to evaluate activities of daily living(ADL). Fifty patients were subject in this study. Collected data analysis were completed by using t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis and Multiple regression analysis. The following were as follow; Among the test of NIHSS(National Institutes of Health stroke scale) was significantly correlated with changes in MBI(Modified Barthel Index) score in 50 stroke patients. Among the subitems of NIHSS, Pupillary Response, a level of consciousness, best motor arm, best motor leg were the best predictors of functional improvement.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

According to the frequent use of mobile devices, risk of repetitive strain injury for the finger joints was increasing recently. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of muscular endurance limit of the thumb between adults and children. A total of thirty subjects (15 adults: $41.0{\pm}7.9$ years and 15 children: $9.5{\pm}2.7$ years) was recruited for this experiment. Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the thumb was measured for 100 trials for each subject by using a push-pull gauge. From the maximum peak value obtained, three main factors (MVC, endurance limit, and fatigue index) were defined to quantify fatigue characteristics of the thumb flexor muscle. The experimental results showed that the mean of MVC, endurance limit, and fatigue index of the children were approximately 50% compared to the adults (p < 0.001). From the results of Pearson correlation test, the endurance limit was highly correlated with weight, age, hand length rather than height. Based on this study, children are more vulnerable to repetitive task using the thumb such as text/SNS messaging, gaming, and scrolling.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2017

In this paper, we present a solution to the problems caused by using only text - based information as an index element when a commercialized missing person indexing system indexes missing persons registered in the database. The existing system could not be used for the missing persons inquiry because it could not formalize the image of the missing person registered together when registering the missing person. To solve these problems, we propose a method to extract the similarity of images by using OpenCV image processing and TensorFlow deep - running image processing, and to process images of missing persons to process them into meaningful information. In order to verify the indexing method used in this paper, we constructed a Web server that operates to provide the information that is most likely to be needed to users first, using the image provided in the non - regular environment of the same subject as the search element.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.312-318
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• 2004

The wall in a subway structure is easily subject to crack occurrence since its expansion and shrinkage associated with hydration heat reaction is constrained by the slab. The greater problem is that the crack in the wall may be developed to pass through thickness and eventually deteriorate the structure due to rusting of reinforced steel. Thus, this study aims at controlling thermal cracks as much as possible and determining an optimized size of concrete placement through hydration heat analysis. For this study, effects of placement height, length, temperature and types of cement on the thermal cracks were evaluated by temperature rise, thermal stress and crack index. As results of parametric study, it was found that placement height and length do not have an effect on the temperature rise but have significant one on thermal stress which relates to direct possibility of thermal crack occurrence. This means that proper selection of size balancing internal constraint with external one is much more important than reducing the placement height and length simply. In order to prevent from thermal cracks most effectively, in addition, it was noted to reduce placement temperature and to use the cement blended with mineral admixture.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2006

Since ultrasound has different reflections depending on components of organization, analysis of ultrasound images of skeletal muscle can offer both quantitative and qualitative reports as concerns skeletal muscle structure. This study is focused on the ultrasound method for evaluating the structural characteristics of skeletal muscle and also conducted to examine its practicality. After obtaining images of the elbow flexors from an ultrasound image device with 88 normal subjects whose ages were between twenty and seventy years old (44 men and 44 women), muscular density and white area index (WAI) which indicated structural characteristics of skeletal muscle were analyzed with gray scale analysis. The study examined correlations between subject's age and items which obtained from measuring ultrasound images and the differences in relations to sex and age. Muscular density and WAI had a high correlation with age and were significantly increased in men and women with greater age. The quantitative evaluation method of skeletal muscle structure which analyzed the ultrasound images has high practicality because it is a non-invasive method which complements physical therapy diagnosis and research methods and promotes functionality evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.66-73
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• 2009

Since the school buildings are generally used as public shelters when the natural disasters such as flood and earthquake occur, it must be designed to show enough structural performance when subject to earthquake. Major failure mode of the school buildings observed in past earthquakes were shear failure of column of which length is shortened by infilled masonry blocks. In this study, the seismic risk of the reinforced concrete school building structure was evaluated by using the seismic performance evaluation methods of low-story RC structures developed in Japan and the required seismic performance index which is obtained according to the KBC2008 seismic hazard map and soil types. In this paper, the seismic performance of the school building is evaluated by considering this short-column effects, building shape and deterioration.