• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3325-3328
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• 2016

Background: There are limited studies on oncoplastic breast conserving surgery in Asian women. We aimed to determine the applicability and safety of oncoplastic surgery, highlighting the specific circumstances when it will be most useful and compare our preferred technique with the worldwide practice of oncoplastic approaches. Materials and Methods: Breast cancer patients who underwent oncoplastic breast conserving surgery at a single institution from 1st May 2014-31st March 2015 were included. Data on patient demographics, tumor characteristics and the type of oncoplastic surgery performed were collected. Results: Nineteen breast cancer patients were identified. 42.1% of patients had grade I ptosis. The indications for surgery included a large tumor to breast size ratio (52.6%), multifocal/multicentric lesions (36.8%) and asymmetric breasts (10.6%), averting a mastectomy in 89.4%. Round block was the commonest technique in 63% of patients, in contrast to the inverted T pattern most frequently used in renowned institutions in the West. Mean and median tumor size and weight of specimen were 29.4/25mm (11 - 75mm) and 77g/64g (10 - 246g) respectively. Re-excision rate was 10.5%. Complete mastectomy was performed for one patient. One patient developed wound dehiscence which was treated conservatively. Cosmetic outcome was rated as excellent/good by 94.7% of patients. The patients remained clinically well after a median 16 months follow up. Conclusions: Oncoplastic breast conserving surgery is useful in a specific subgroup of Asian patients with a relatively small breast volume and minimal ptosis. Round block was the commonest technique in our series, in contrast to the worldwide utility of oncoplastic techniques. It is oncologically safe and has good cosmetic outcomes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1781-1794
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• 2018

Objective: This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the overall effect of direct-fed microbial (DFM) or probiotic supplementation on the log concentrations of culturable gut microbiota in broiler chickens. Methods: Relevant studies were collected from PubMed, SCOPUS, Poultry Science Journal, and Google Scholar. The studies included controlled trials using DFM supplementation in broiler chickens and reporting log concentrations of the culturable gut microbiota. The overall effect of DFM supplementation was determined using standardized mean difference (SMD) with a random-effects model. Subgroups were analyzed to identify pre-specified characteristics possibly associated with the heterogeneity of the results. Risk of bias and publication bias were assessed. Results: Eighteen taxa of the culturable gut microbiota were identified from 42 studies. The overall effect of DFM supplementation on the log concentrations of all 18 taxa did not differ significantly from the controls (SMD = -0.06, 95% confidence interval [-0.16, 0.04], p = 0.228, $I^2=85%$, n = 699 comparisons), but the 18 taxa could be further classified into three categories by the direction of the effect size: taxa whose log concentrations did not differ significantly from the controls (category 1), taxa whose log concentrations increased significantly with DFM supplementation (category 2), and taxa whose log concentrations decreased significantly with DFM supplementation (category 3). Category 1 comprised nine taxa, including total bacterial counts. Category 2 comprised four taxa: Bacillus, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium butyricum, and Lactobacillus. Category 3 comprised five taxa: Clostridium perfringens, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and Salmonella. Some characteristics identified by the subgroup analysis were associated with result heterogeneity. Most studies, however, were present with unclear risk of bias. Publication bias was also identified. Conclusion: DFM supplementation increased the concentrations of some beneficial bacteria (e.g. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and decreased those of some detrimental bacteria (e.g. Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella) in the guts of broiler chickens.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.80-82
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• 2007

We have isolated numerous cold deep-sea adapted microorganisms (piezophilic, formerly referred to as "barophilic" bacteria) using deep-sea research submersibles. Many of the isolates are novel psychrophilic bacteria, and we have identified several new piezophilic species, i.e., Photobacterium profundum, Shewanella violacea, Moritella japonica, Moritella yayanosii, Psychromonas kaikoi, and Colwellia piezophila. These piezophiles are involving to five genera in gamma-Proteobacteria subgroup and produce significant amounts of unsaturated fatty acids in their cell membrane fractions to maintain the membrane fluidity in cold and high-pressure environments. Piezophilic microorganisms have been identified in many deep-sea bottoms of many of the world oceans. Therefore, these microbes are well distributed on our planet. One of the isolated deep-sea piezophiles, Shewanella violacea strain DSS12 is a psychrophilic, moderately piezophilic bacterium from a sediment sample collected at the Ryukyu Trench (depth: 5,110 m), which grows optimally at 30 MPa and $8^{\circ}C$ but also grows at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) and $8^{\circ}C$. We have examined this strain to elucidate the molecular basis for gene regulation at different pressure conditions because this strain is useful as a model bacterium for comparing the various features of bacterial physiology under pressure conditions. In addition, we completed the sequencing of the entire genome of this piezophilic bacterium and we expect that many biotechnologically useful genes will be identified from the genome information.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.130-137
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• 2002

Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the most important viruses in many field crops in Korea. In this study, 31 PVY isolates were isolated from infected potato (Solanum tuberosum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), pea (Pisum sativum), and weeds (Veronica persica, Lamium amplexicause and Capsella bursa-pastoris) showing different mosaic symptoms in Jeonbuk, Chungnam, Gangwon, and Gyeongbuk areas in Korea. The 640 nucleotide region containing the C-terminal portion of coat protein (CP) gene and 3'non-translated region (NTR) was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using PVY-specific oligonucleotide primers. Sequence analyses of the amplified DNA fragments showed that the C-terminal portion of CP gene was not significantly different from that of previously reported PVY strains from potato (PVY-OK and -T) and tobacco (PVY-VN) in Korea. Homologies of the deduced CP amino acid sequences were 93.3-99.0% to corresponding regions of the other PVY strains including PV $Y^{N}$, PV $Y^{o}$ , PV $Y^{OK}$ , PV $Y^{T}$ , and PV $Y^{VN}$ . In contrast the sequences located at the 3'-NTR showed more diverse sequence homologies (76.4-99.7%). These results indicate that the C-terminal portion of the CP gene was relatively conserved while sequences at the 3'NTR were more diverse and variable over the host species and the regions where they were isolated.e isolated.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.1.1-1.11
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• 2017

Background: Intrauterine environment plays a pivotal role in the origin of fatal diseases such as the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes is associated with low-grade inflammatory state and dysregulated adipokines production. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of maternal diabetes on adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin and TNF-${\alpha}$) production in F1 offspring in rats. Methods: The offspring groups were as follows: F1 offspring of control mothers under control diet (CD) (CF1-CD), F1 offspring of control mothers under high caloric diet (HCD) (CF1-HCD), F1 offspring of diabetic mothers under CD (DF1-CD), and F1 offspring of diabetic mothers under HCD (DF1-HCD). Every 5 weeks post-natal, 10 pups of each subgroup were culled to obtain blood samples for biochemical analysis. Results: The results indicate that DF1-CD and DF1-HCD groups exhibited hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis compared to CF1-CD (p > 0.05). DF1-CD and DF1-HCD groups had high hepatic and muscular depositions of TGs. The significant elevated NEFA level only appeared in offspring of diabetic mothers that was fed HCD. DF1-CD and DF1-HCD groups demonstrated low serum levels of adiponectin, high levels of leptin, and elevated levels of TNF-${\alpha}$ compared to CF1-CD (p > 0.05). These results reveal the disturbed metabolic lipid profile of offspring of diabetic mothers and could guide further characterization of the mechanisms involved. Conclusion: Dysregulated adipocytokines production could be a possible mechanism for the transgenerational transmittance of diabetes, especially following a postnatal diabetogenic environment. Moreover, the exacerbating effects of postnatal HCD on NEFA in rats might be prone to adipcytokine dysregulation. Furthermore, dysregulation of serum adipokines is a prevalent consequence of maternal diabetes and could guide further investigations to predict the development of metabolic disturbances.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.277-284
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• 1998

For the purpose of comparing the shear bond strengths of pit and fissure sealants, and finding out the more efficient method of tooth surface treatment when the etched surface is contaminaed by saliva or moisture, an experiment was performed on 3 types of pit and fissure sealants. 120 extracted human molars were divided into 3 groups, each of which was composed of 40 specimens sealed with Helioseal, Teethmate-F and Fuji III respectively. And each groups was again divided into 4 subgroups according to tooth surface treatment. The shear bond strengths of each groups and subgroup was measured and statistically analyzed. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Shear bond strengths of nonfluoridated resin sealant, Helioseal were shown to be higher than those of fluoridated resin sealant, Teethmate-F, but, not significantly different. 2. Shear bond strengths of GI sealant, Fuji III were to be markedly lower than those of two resin sealants. 3. When there is moisture contamination, applying primer under sealant(Group IV) results in a significantly stronger bond strength of sealant to enamel than when using sealant alone(Group II) in case of all sealants. 4. When there is no moisture contamination, using primer under sealant (Group III) results in bond strength equivalent to bond strength on using sealant alone (Group I). 5. Based on the results above, it was demonstrated that the bond of sealant to tooth surface is greatly affected by saliva contamination and that the complete tooth isolation method should be fully emphasized. The application of primer is recommended when performing sealant under the environment very susceptible to saliva contamination.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2016

Background: The findings of currently available studies are not consistent with regard to the association between the risk of cancer and ginseng consumption. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate this association by conducting a meta-analysis of different studies. Methods: To systematically evaluate the effect of ginseng consumption on cancer incidence, six databases were searched, including PubMed, Ovid Technologies, Embase, The Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese VIP Information, from 1990 to 2014. Statistical analyses based on the protocol employed for a systematic review were conducted to calculate the summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: We identified nine studies, including five cohort studies, three case-control studies, and one randomized controlled trial, evaluating the association between ginseng consumption and cancer risk; these studies involved 7,436 cases and 334,544 participants. The data from the meta-analysis indicated a significant 16% lower risk of developing cancer in patients who consumed ginseng (RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.76-0.92), with evidence of heterogeneity (p = 0.0007, $I^2$ = 70%). Stratified analyses suggested that the significant heterogeneity may result from the incidence data for gastric cancer that were included in this study. Publication bias also showed the same result as the stratified analyses. In addition, subgroup analyses for four specific types of cancer (colorectal cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, and liver cancer) were also performed. The summary RRs for ginseng intake versus no ginseng consumption were 0.77 for lung cancer, 0.83 for gastric cancer, 0.81 for liver cancer, and 0.77 for colorectal cancer. Conclusion: The findings of this meta-analysis indicated that ginseng consumption is associated with a significantly decreased risk of cancer and that the effect is not organ specific.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.237-243
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• 1986

This paper deals with the incidence of bovine mastitis for 743 quarters and distribution of Staphylococci for the quarter and 70 bulk milk samples in the northern area of Gyeongbuk during the period from January to December 1984. Isolated Staphylococci were examined for species, subgroups, antibiotic resistance and penicillinase production. The results obtained were summarized as follows : A total of 25(73.5%) of 34 herds, 102(54.3%) of 188 cows and 208(30.3%) of 743 quarters were found to be infected with subclinical mastitis. A total of 83(83.1%) of 102 cows, 94(45.2%) of 208 mastitic quarters and 55(78.6%) of 70 bulk milk samples were isolated Staphylococci. Three hundred and eighteen strains of Staphylococci were classified into 11 species. Of these speoies, S. aureus from mastitis and S. sciuri from bulk milk were found most frequently, followed by S. epidermidis, S. simulans, S. cohnii, S. haemolyticus, S. xylosus, S. hyicus subsp. chromogenes, S. saprophyticus, S. warneri, S hyicus subsp. hyicus. Subgroups of catalase-positive and negative cocci were belonged most frequently to subgroup I, and subgroups III and III b, respectively. The method of Pelzer of al(97.8%) was more classified than that of Baird-Parker (68.5%). One hundred and sixty one strains(50.6%) of 318 Staphylococci isolates were resistance to one or more antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Isolates from subclinical mastitis were more resistant to antibiotics than its from bulk milk. Of the 318 Staphylococci Isolates, 128(40.3%) gave positive reaction for the penicillinase test, all of ampicillin resistance strains produced this emzyme.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.25-44
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• 2008

Objectives: Through using of the strong research method like a Randomized Controlled Trial: RCT, we have to heighten quality of Medical Education study. I'd like to introduce "CONSORT", which stands for Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials. Contents: Preventive Service Task Force(200l) in USA proposed Levels of evidence for enlarging evidence-based Practice: EBP. And the CONSORT was introduced, which encompasses various initiatives developed by the CONSORT Group to alleviate the problems arising from inadequate reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). the CONSORT has 13 guides like these: 1. How participants were allocated to interventions 2. Scientific background and explanation of rationale 3. Eligibility criteria for participants. The settings and locations where the data were collected. 4. Precise details of the interventions intended for each group and how and when they were actually administered 5. Specific objectives and hypotheses 6. Clearly defined primary and secondary outcome measures, When applicable. any methods to enhance the quality of measurements (e.g., multiple observations, training of assessors) 7. How sample size was determined. When applicable, explanation of any interim analyses and stopping rules 8. Method used to generate the random allocation sequence, Details of any restriction [of randomization] 9. Method used to implement the random allocation sequence 10. Who generated the allocation sequence, who enrolled participants. and who assigned participants to their groups 11. Whether or not participants, those administering the interventions, and those assessing the outcomes were blinded to group assignment. If done, how the success of blinding was evaluated 12. Statistical methods used to compare groups for primary outcome(s), Methods for additional analyses, such as subgroup analyses and adjusted analyses 13. Flow of participants through each stage (a diagram is strongly recommended) Specifically, for each group report the numbers of participants randomly assigned. receiving intended treatment, completing the study protocol. and analyzed for the primary outcome. Results and Conclusion: Randomized Controlled Trial: RCT guided of CONSORT will contribute to do stronger evidence-based medical studies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.713-730
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis designed to evaluate the effects of breastfeeding intervention on breastfeeding rates. Methods: Based on the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA), a systematic search was conducted using eight core electronic databases and other sources including gray literature from January 9 to 19, 2017. Two reviewers independently select the studies and assessed methodological risk of bias of studies using the Cochrane criteria. The topics of breastfeeding interventions were analyzed using descriptive analysis and the effects of intervention were meta-analyzed using the Review Manager 5.2 software. Results: A total of 16 studies were included in the review and 15 were included for meta-analysis. The most frequently used intervention topics were the importance of good latch-on and frequency of feeding and determining adequate intake followed. The pooled total effect of breastfeeding intervention was 1.08 (95% CI 1.03~1.13). In the subgroup analysis, neither pre-nor post-childbirth intervention was effective on the breastfeeding rates at 1, 3, and 6 months, and neither group nor individual interventions had an effect. Only the 1 month breastfeeding rate was found to be affected by the individual intervention with the persistent strategies 1.21 (95% CI 1.04~1.40). Conclusion: Effective breastfeeding interventions are needed to help the mother to start breastfeeding after childbirth and continue for at least six months. It should be programmed such that individuals can acquire information and specific breastfeeding skills. After returning home, there should be continuous support strategies for breastfeeding as well as managing various difficulties related to childcare.