• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.183-186
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• 1983

The clinical and histopathological observation of leucocytozoonosis was carried out during July, 1982 at a poultry compound in Gyeongbuk province and the results were summarized as follows: 1. Leucocytozoonosis was observed in 36,900 of 59,900 chickens (61.6%) and the mortality rate was 18.3% (6,760 of 36,900 chickens infected). 2. Clinical findings were anorexia, dyspnea, paleness of comb, greenish diarrhea and reduction of egg production. 3. Gross lesions were yellowish white spots scattered on parenchymal organs and swelling of liver and spleen. In addition, petechiation and ecchymosis of small intestine, egg yolk and subcutaneous tissues were observed. 4. Histological findings were infiltration of mononuclear cells in liver, heart and lung, appearance of megaloschizonts in heart, liver, proventriculus and pancreas, proliferation of foreign body giant cells in heart, and hyperemia and swelling of all parenchymal organs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.276-278
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• 2018

A neutered male Maltese, 11-year-old, presented for hard mass at right flank suddenly. Patient vomited and had anorexia before the presentation, but it is improved after. On blood tests, there were no remarkable findings. On physical examination, firm mass ($2.9{\times}2.6cm$, firm) was detected. No remarkable finding was shown in radiography except for right upper-medial abdominal subcutaneous soft tissue mass. Punch biopsy was performed for histopathologic examination. During the punch biopsy, ice-cream stick ($11.5{\times}1.2cm$) appeared from the hole on right flank. Additionally gastric perforation was detected on ultrasonography. Emergency surgery was performed for the perforation. On histiopathologic examination of the mass, marked, diffuse, neutrophilic and mild eosinophilic dermatitis/cellulitis with no infectious agents was observed.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.192-200
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• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction between 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) and antibody as that affects the performance of a silk-4HR combination graft for soft tissue augmentation in an animal model. Methods: The silk graft materials consisted of four types: silk+10% tricalcium phosphate (TCP) (ST0), silk+10% TCP+1% 4HR (ST1), silk+10% TCP+3% 4HR (ST3), and silk+10% TCP+6% 4-HR (ST6). The antibody binding assay tested the 4HR effect and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) exam was done for silk grafts. The animal experiment used a subcutaneous pocket mouse model. The graft - SH0 or SH1 or SH3 or SH6 - was placed in a subcutaneous pocket. The animals were killed at one, two, and four weeks, postoperatively. The specimens were subjected to histological analysis and lysozyme assay. Results: Groups with 4HR applied showed lower antibody binding affinity to antigen compared to groups without 4HR. In the SEM examination, there was no significant difference among groups. Histological examinations revealed many foreign body giant cells in ST0 and ST1 group at four weeks postoperatively. Both ST3 and ST6 groups developed significantly lower levels of giant cell values compared to ST0 and ST1 groups (P < 0.001) at four weeks postoperatively. In the lysozyme assay, the ST1 and ST3 groups showed denser signals than the other groups. Conclusion: 4HR combined silk implants resulted in high levels of vascular and connective tissue regeneration.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 1996

A clinical analysis was made of 42 pilomatricoma in 34 children treated, from January 1980 to August 1996 at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hanyang University. The gender ratio was 13 to 21 with female preponderance. The average age at presentation was 7 years 3 months(range 8 months to 19 years old). The time average interval from onset to excision was 9.8 months. The predilection site was neck, upper extremities, face, trunk and lower extremities in the decreasing order of frequency. The masses were less than 3cm in diameter and there was no correlation between age at presentation and size of the mass. Of the six children with multiple lesions, two presented with multiple lesions initially and four presented with second lesion metachronously after excision of the primary lesions. Two girls had cysticercosis and von Recklinghausen's disease respectively in association with a pilomatricoma. All lesions were encapsulated subcutaneous masses which were clearly distinguished from surrounding tissue, and 4 of them had pigmentation, ulceration, skin disruption and hemorrhagic changes in the overlying skin. Microscopically the mass was composed of basophilic cells and eosinophilic shadow cells. Calcification, foreign body giant cell, ossification, focal cystic, inflammatory or necrotic changes were also seen.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 1995

Kimura's disease is a chronic Inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, presenting usually as a painless subcutaneous swelling in the head and neck region or in the lymph nodes. We experienced a case of Kimura's lymphadenitis with characteristic Warthin-Finkeldey type polykaryocytes by fine needle aspiration cytology. The patient was a 10-year old male with two enlarged lymph nodes in the postauricular area. Fine needle aspiration cytology from the lymph nodes disclosed hypercellular smears with some scattered eosinophils and polykaryocytes in a polymorphous lymphoid background. There were also fragmented vessel wails and activated endothelial cell clusters in the slightly necrotic background. The Warthin-Finkeldey type polykaryocytes had three to thirty nuclei and prominent nucleoli with cytoplasmic borders. Their nuclei were arranged in grapevine or ring shaped clusters. As these polykaryocytes could also be found in lymph nodes and extranodal tissues of both reactive and neoplastic lymphoid disorders, polykaryocytes themselves are clinically nonspecific. However, the morphologic features of the Warthin-Finkeldey type giant cells are quite different from the foreign body type or Langhans' type giant cells. When the characteristic cytologic features of Kimura's disease such as significant number of eosinophils in a background of lymphoid cells asd proliferation of vessels and endothelial cells are also observed in the smear, it is possible to suggest this diagnosis in the appropriate clinical setting.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 1996

To investigate the efficiency of a fibrous collagen membrane(FCM) composed of bovine skin type I atelocollagen as a carrier for BMP, partially purified bovine BMP/FCM($0.3mg/10{\times}5{\times}1mm$) composites were implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of rats. FCM alone was also implanted as a control. The implants were harvested at 1, 2, 3, and 10 weeks after implantation, then prepared for routine light microscopic observation. The FCM alone did not induce osteogenesis and revealed no specific foreign body reaction nor was there any definite resorptive evidence for 10 weeks after implantation, while the BMP/FCM composites induced favorable bone formation in a process that resembled an endochondral and direct ossification mode. At 10 weeks, the well formed bone confined to embedded collagen fibers revealed hematopoietic marrow between bony trabeculae without evidence of resorptive or degenerative changes . These findings support the suggestion that BMP may induce undifferentiated mesenchymal cells into either chondroblasts or osteoblasts or both independantly according to the chemico- physical characteristics of the carrier, which develops the endochondral and/or direct bone formation process, and suggest that the FCM may be a favorable carrier for BMP.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2012

Purpose: Lipogranuloma is the reaction of adipose tissue to various oils, paraffin, and other hydrocarbons injected into subcutaneous tissue for cosmetic or other reasons. The authors experienced a case of sclerosing lipogranuloma on the nasal dorsum. Methods: A 42-year-old female, without a history of the injection of any foreign materials, was admitted on our hospital for a painless, irregular, and firm mass located on her nasal dorsum with step-off deformity. It was considered that the mass had developed after augmentation rhinoplasty. The size of mass had been increased after closed reduction of nasal bone fracture. On April 2011, under general anesthesia, the mass was removed by open rhinoplasty technique. In addition, a pathologic examination was performed. After the mass extirpation, dermofat graft was performed for the correction of depression deformity. Results: The histopathological findings demonstrated a Swiss cheese pattern with variably-sized vacuoles, which corresponded to lipid removed with tissue processing, and variable foreign body giant cell reaction, fat necrosis, and hyalinized fibrous tissue. The pathologic diagnosis is lipogranuloma replacing nasalis muscle. It has been considered that sclerosing lipogranuloma is caused by nerve injury during augmentation rhinoplasty and the ointment used after the closed reduction of nasal bone fracture, which infiltrated through the injured mucosa. Conclusion: During the treatment of rhinoplasty or nasal bone fracture, the nerve injury or the ointment use can lead to lipogranuloma. Therefore, careful dissection for avoidance of the nerve injury and limited use of ointment seems to be helpful in decreasing incidence of lipogranuloma.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.839-848
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• 2007

Purpose: Various kinds of biodegradable membranes are currently used in dental clinics. And the frequency and the necessity of their usage are increasing due to their numerous advantages. Therefore it is important to understand the difference of various membranes and histological reaction against implanted membranes. Materials and Methods: Biodegradable membranes of $Biogide^{(R)}$, $Resolute^{(R)}$, and $Tutodent^{(R)}$ were cut into small pieces by $1.0{\times}0.5cm$. The membranes were implanted 1.5cm apart from each other under the epithelium on the skull of 18 Sprague Dawley rats. The animals were sacrificed at 3, 7, and 14 days after surgical procedure. The specimens were examined by histological analysis. Results: 1. Early period after implantation of the membranes showed connective tissues surrounding membranes and there were a few inflammatory cells present. 2. In $Biogide^{(R)}$ and $Tutodent^{(R)}$ specimens, inflammatory cells and surrounding tissues were shown to infiltrate from outside with slight density difference inside. In $Resolute^{(R)}$ specimens, membranes were fragmented. Inflammatory cells and connective tissues were also observed inside. 3. In $Resolute^{(R)}$ specimen, giant cells were present which implicates that foreign body reaction has occurred. 4. $Biogide^{(R)}$ had lower integrity than other membranes and is not enough to be used alone in defect area. However, $Resolute^{(R)}$ had superior firmness than others. $Tutodent^{(R)}$ had middle level of integrity. Conclusion: This experimental model enabled to observe early inflammatory reactions and morphological changes of materials and can be used to develop and evaluate the efficacy of biodegradable membranes. Duplication of standardized human oral environment will be required in future experiments.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.91-109
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to evaluate histologically the resorption and tissue response of various resorbale membranes used for guided tissue regneration procedures, using a subcutaneous model on the dorsal surface of the rat. In this study, 12 Sprague-Dawley male rats(mean BW 150gm) were used and the commercially available materials included dense collagen membrane, freeze-dried bovine dura mater loos collagen membrane, PLA/PLGA membrane. Animals were sacrificed at 3, 6 and 8 weeks after implantation of various resorbable membranes. Specimens were prepared with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain for light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Resorption : Loose collagen membrane group was resorbed most rapidly. Dense collagen membrane group and freeze-dried bovine dura mater group were rarely resorbed. 2. Inflammatory reactions : PLA/PLGA membrane group showed persistent and severe inflammatory reactions for 3 to 8 weeks. Moderate inflammatory reactions and the ectopic formation of calcified material were observed in dense collagen membrane group. Freeze-dried bovine dura mater group and loose collagen membrane group showed mild inflammatory reactions 3. In PLA/PLGA membrane group, multinucleated giant cells by foreign body reactions were observed. In conclusion, the resorption of freeze-dried bovine dura mater didn't happen for 3-6weeks, which showed the best bio-compatibility. Therefore, freeze-dried bovine dura mater was considered proper resorbable membrane for guided tissue regeneration.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 1993

We describe cytologic findings of two cases of pilomatrixoma which had been cytologically misdiagnosed as suspicious malignant and malignant lesions in 35 year-old and 22 year-old females who presented a palpable neck mass. The cytologic smears showed many basaloid cells with a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear hyperchromatism and prominent nucleoli, keratinized squamous cells with pyknotic nuclei, foreign body giant cells, and chronic inflammatory cells in necrotic back-ground. Retrospective view of this aspiration smear revealed that these findings were characteristic features of pilomatrixoma, and the evenly distributed chromatin pattern as well as the lack of nuclear pleomorphism were considered to be the differential points from malignant neoplasm. Pilomatrixoma is a benign neoplasm which should be included in differential diagnosis if the fine needle aspiration cytologic smear of a neck mass or subcutaneous mass of any site showed these features.