• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.646-652
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• 2003

This study was performed to determine the iron status of the adolescent Korean girls before and after menarche. The 101 subjects aged 11-13 years who attending in an elementary school in Mokpo were recruited. They were divided into pre-menarche (A) group or post-menarche (B) group based on their menstruation status. The latter subjects were sub-divided into one of the four groups according to the times of their menstruation B-I( $\geq$ 3 times), B-II (4-6 times), B-III (7-9 times) or B-W ( $\geq$ 10 times). In the total subjects, dietary iron intake, 11.3 mg/day, was below the Korean RDA for iron, the percentage of heme iron to total iron intake, 15%, and the bioavailability of dietary iron, 12.3%, seemed to be low. And their body iron storage, 140.8 mg, seemed to be insufficient. However, they tended to meet body's iron requirement in the cell level. Red blood cell number (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), and hemoglobin (Hb) level in the total subjects were 4.5 1012/I, 39.3%, and 13.0 g/㎗, respectively. The subjects in B group had lower (p<0.05) RBC and Hct compared to those in A group and the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia tended to be high. Serum iron, ferritin, and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and sTfR:ferritin ratio were 86.7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/d, 17.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l, 3.58 mg/1, and 230, respectively. Those four indices were not significantly different among the groups. The results of this study imply that, although there a tendency to affect negatively iron status, menstrual blood loss in adolescent females does not deteriorate obviously their iron status during the relatively short period up to 1 you. However, it should be better to improve their iron status after starting menarche by increasing iron intake, especially heme-iron, and enhancing factors for iron absorption.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.857-862
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-proliferative mechanism by Trichosanthes kirilowii (TCK) in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell. In this study, we used human breast cancer cell line, Michigan cancer foundation-7 cells (MCF-7 cells). They were co-incubated with 30~200 ${\mu}g$/ml TCK for 48 hours, and cell viability was measured by Water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 (WST-1) assay. After MCF-7 cells were exposed to 60 ${\mu}g$/ml of TCK for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours, We performed flow analysis cytometry sorting(FACS) and western blot analysis. We investigated the effect of dose-dependent cell growth inhibition by TCK, which could be proved by WST-1 assay. Also, flow cytometry analysis showed that TCK increased percentage of subG1 phase and G2/M phase cell cycle. In addition, TCK induced apoptosis through the expression of caspase-9, -3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) activation. Moreover, we showed that ATM-dependent G2/M phase arrest by DNA damage and phosphorylation of chk2, cdc25C, cdc2(Tyr15). Taken together, these results suggest that by G2/M phase arrest through DNA damage and inducing of apoptosis through intrinsic pathway, TCK may have potential tumor suppressor in breast cancer.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.863-869
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• 2011

The aim of the present study is to investigate whether an ethanol extract of Acorus gramineus Soland (EAG) augments penile erection in vitro and in vivo experiment. Preconstructed with phenylephrine (PE) in isolated endothelium-intact rabbit corpus cavernosum, EAG relaxed penile smooth muscle in a dose-dependent manner, which was inhibited by pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-argininemethylester (L-NAME), a nitricoxide synthase inhibitor, and 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazole-[4,3-${\alpha}$]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a soluble guanylylcyclase (sGC) inhibitor, respectively. EAG-induced relaxation was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with tetraethylammonium (TEA), a nonselective $K^+$ channel blocker. EAG increased cGMP levels of the rabbit corpus cavernosum in a concentration-dependent manner without changes in cAMP levels. In addition, EAG caused increase of peak intracavernous pressure (ICP), ICP/MAP ratio and area under the carve (AUC) in SD rats. Taken together, these results suggest that EAG augments penile erection via NO-cGMP system and $K^+$ channels in corpus cavernosum.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the muscular strength & stamina improvement and muscle anti-fatigue effects of Morinda officinalis How after long term administration. Methods: 4-6 weeks old ICR mice were used in this study and we administered the water soluble extracts of Morinda officinalis How in the concentration of 1, 10. 100/mg/0.3ml to each 5 mice (ATS group) and same volume of normal saline was administered to 5 mice (control group) once a day for 90 or 120 days. After the administration we performed the swimming exercise test and the grip strength test. And we measured the concentration of glucose and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in plasma regarded as biochemical indicator related with the muscular fatigue. Results: In swimming exercise test, all ATS groups showed increased time compared with relative control group after 90 days administration. After 120 days adminstration 100/mg/0.3ml ATS groups showed increased results. In grip strength test, all ATS groups showed increased grip strength compared with relative control group after 90 days administration. After 120 days adminstration 10/mg/0.3ml ATS groups showed increased result. All the results of plasma glucose didn't showed statistically significant difference after 90 and 120 days administration. In the plasma concentration of activity level of lactate dehydrogenase, all ATS groups didn't showed statistically significant difference compared after 90 days administration. Conclusion: This study show that Morinda officinalis How can increase the muscular strength & stamina and anti-fatigue effect.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.205-209
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• 2018

The spectral composition of light can affect the growth and biochemical composition of photosynthetic microalgae. This study examined the use of light filtering through a solution of soluble colored additives, a cost-effective method to alter the light spectrum, on the growth and lipid production of an oleaginous microalga, Nannochloropsis gaditana (N. gaditana). Cells were photoautotrophically cultivated under a white light emitting diode (LED) alone (control) or under a white LED that passed through a solution of red and yellow color additive (4:1 ratio) that blocked light below 600 nm. The specific growth rate was significantly greater under filtered light than white light ($0.2672d^{-1}$ vs. $0.1930d^{-1}$). Growth under filtered light also increased the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield by 22.4% and FAME productivity by 80.0%, relative to the white light control. In addition, the content of saturated fatty acids was greater under filtered light, so the biodiesel products had better stability. These results show that passing white light through an inexpensive color filter can simultaneously enhance cellular growth and lipid productivity of N. gaditana. This approach of optimizing the light spectrum may be applicable to other species of microalgae.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.60-70
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the muscle anti-fatigue effects of Allii tuberosi semen after short term administration. Methods: 4-6 weeks old ICR mice were used in this study and we administered the water soluble extracts of Allii tuberosi semen in the concentration of 1, 10 and 100mg/0.3ml to each 5 mice (ATS group) and same volume of normal saline was administered to 5 mice (control group) once a day for 30 or 60 days. After the administration we performed the swimming exercise test and the grip strength test. And we measured the concentration of glucose and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in plasma regarded as biochemical indicator related with the muscular fatigue.. Results: In swimming exercise test. 10 and 100mg/0.3ml ATS groups showed increased time compared with relative control group after 30 days administration. But after 60 days adminstration all ATS groups showed increased results. In grip strength test, 100mg/0.3ml ATS group increased grip strength after 30days administration and 10mg/0.3ml ATS group showed increased result after 60days administration. All the results of plasma glucose and lactate dehydrogenase didn't showed statistically significant difference after 30 and 60 days administration. Conclusion: From this study we could find the anti-fatigue effect of Allii tuberosi semen in the muscle strength related test.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.284-289
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• 2010

Spectral irradiance of greenhouse covering films that three resins (red, blue, red plus blue) were added to get higher utilization efficiency of sunlight were compared to the normal film in this study. Growth and yield of tomato and pepper grown under the films were also investigated. Transmittance of PAR (photosynthetically active radiation, 400~700 nm) and sunlight (300~1,100 nm) of red or blue resin-added films increased by 5 to 6% and 0.5 to 1.0%, respectively. As compared to the normal film, fruit yield and soluble solid content of tomato and pepper grown under red plus blue resin-added film increased by 15 to 20% and by $0.5^{\circ}Bx$.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.365-373
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• 1997

Chitosan oligomer having aldehyde group at reducing end was prepared by oxidative-deamination reaction of chitosan by using sodium nitrite, and the resulting aldehyde group was redeced to 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol group. The obtained chitosan oligomer showed an average degree of polymerization(DP) 2 by GPC analysis. It was highly soluble in lipophilic solvents. N,N-diacyl, O-acyl chitosan oligomer was obtained trom the reaction between chitosan oligomer and acyl chloride under 4-dimethoxyaminopyridine catalyst. From DSC measurement, N,N-dilauroyl, O-lauroyl chitosan oligomer showed mesophase region, which was confirmed by polarizing microscope as thermotropic liquid crystalline state. X-ray diffraction pattern revealed that N,N-dilauroyl, O-lauroyl chitosan oligomer was highly crystalline, whereas chitosan oligomer was not.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.201-206
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• 1986

A new analytical reagent N-benzylisonitrosoacetylacetone imine (H-IAA-N-Bz) has been synthesized and identified its structure by IR, NMR and mass spectra. H-IAA-N-Bz forms a copper chloroform-soluble complex in a basic aqueous solution (pH = 7.0∼10.0). The other optimum conditions for the spectrophotometric study of the copper complex have been determined at 420nm. Beer's law is obeyed below the concentration of 64$\mu$g of copper per 10ml of chloroform. The composition of the copper complex has been found to be $Cu(IAA-N-Bz)_2$ and the over-all stability constant is calculated to be $8.55 {\times} 10^6$. The molar absorption coefficient, $\varepsilon$ of the $Cu-(IAA-N-Bz)_2 $complex is 3500l/$cm{\cdot}mol$.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.200-205
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• 2002

Corn starch was modified by the oxidation with sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl) and the changes in the distribution of molecular weight were examined. Corn starch was oxidized with 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.5% active Cl/g of starch at pH 7.0 and 25$^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. Oxidation of corn starch caused a change in the molecular weight distribution of amylopectin. The fraction of highest molecular weight in native starch decreased gradually and the fraction of lower molecular weight increased with increasing oxidation. Also, λ$\sub$max/ and iodine binding capacities of oxidized starches decreased and the soluble carbohydrate content increased by oxidation. The differential scanning calorimetric results of oxidized starches showed that the temperature and enthalpies of gelatinization were not changed by oxidation; however, the more the starch was oxidized, the greater the extent of retrogradation.