• 한국패류학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2001

일본재첩의 자원관리를 위한 기초조사로 배우자 형성과정 및 생식주기, 군성숙도, 발생과정 등을 조사한 결과, 자웅이체 난생 종으로 암컷의 생식소는 회흑색, 수컷의 생식소는 유백색을 띄어 육안적으로 뚜렷히 구별되었다. 배우자의 형성과 성장은 수온에 지배되는 것으로 나타났으며, 성숙한 난모세포는 원형으로 그 크기는 약 80$\mu\textrm{m}$ 전후였다. 생식주기는 초기활성기 (2-4월), 후기활성기 (5-7월), 완숙기 (6-9월), 부분산란기 (7-9월), 퇴화 (9-10월) 및 비활성기 (10-익년 5월)의 연속적인 5 단계로 구분할 수 있었으며, 방란.방정후 생식소 자체가 완전히 퇴화되지 않고 새로운 조직에서 신생되면서 비활성기를 지나 이듬해 봄에 다시 분화가 활발히 개시되었다 따라서 일본재첩의 번식생태는 긴 생식소의 발달기간에 비해 짧은 방란.방정기를 가지는 종으로 특징 지워진다. 자원의 증식과 관리를 위한 자료로 매우 중요한 군성숙도를 조사한 결과 암컷과 수컷의 50% 개체가 각각 생식에 참가하는 각장은 약 10-12 mm로 추정되었고, 각장 16 mm 이상이면 전 개체가 생식에 참가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 생식에 참가하는 최소각장에 있어 암.수 개체간 차이는 볼 수 없었다. 방출된 알은 분리침성란으로 수정란의 난경은 약 80-90 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 범위에 있었으며, 수온 26.5-28.$0^{\circ}C$에서 수정 후 약40분이 지나면서 극체 (polar body) 가 방출되었다. 수정 14시간 후에는 낭배기, 27시간 후에는 담륜자기로 발생하였다. 이어 수정후 4일경부터 유각이 형성되고 폐각근, 장관, 면반 등이 분화된 D형 자패가 출현하였다. 개체간 성장 차이는 있었지만 57일간의 사육일수에 대한 각장과 각고의 상대성장식을 구한 결과, 사육일수 (X) 에 대하여 각장 (Y) 의 성장은 Y = 14.4X + 209.58 ($r^2$= 0.9078), 각고 (Y) 는 Y = 11.5l7X + 167.48 ($r^2$= 0.8744)로 나타났다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.610-620
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• 2003

연구배경 : 폐암에서 가장 흔한 염색체 결손부위인 3p14.2 결손에 따른 FHIT 자체 기능 즉 암억제 기능의 소실이 폐암의 형성과정에 중요한 기능이 있으리라 생각된다. 흡연 여부, 병리조직학적, TNM 병기 진행에 따른 FHIT 소실여부를 확인하고, 또 흡연및 생존률과의 관계, FHIT의 기능 특히 암 세포의 세포고사, 세포분열에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 방 법 : 원발성 비소세포 폐암으로 근치적 절제술을 시행 받은 83례의 paraffin 보관 병리 조직을 절편하여 면역조직화학염색법으로 FHIT의 소실 여부를 확인한 후, 여러 임상적 인자들과의 관계를 파악하고, 유식세포 분석법에 의해, sub-G1 peak로서 세포고사의 정도를, S-phase fraction과 G1-phase fraction으로서 세포분열주기에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 결 과 : 전체 83례 중 36례(43%)에서 FHIT가 소실되었고, FHIT 소실율이 편평상피암 52%, 선암 22%; TNM I병기 30%, II병기 48%, III 병기 69%; 흡연경험자 54%, 비흡연자 22%로서, 선암보다는 편평상피암에서, TNM 병기가 진행할수록, 흡연의 경험이 있을수록 FHIT 소실율이 높았다. FHIT 소실군과 발현군의 중간 생존기간은 24개월, 25개월, 2년 생존율은 44%, 51%로서 FHIT 소실여부에 따른 생존율의 차이는 없었다. 세포고사율은 FHIT 소실군과 발현군에서 각각 50.72(${\pm}13.93$)%, 59.38(${\pm}14.33$)%로서 유의한 차이가 있었으며, FHIT 소실군과 발현군에서의 S-phase fraction은 각각 13.93(${\pm}7.35$)%, 15.65(${\pm}6.59$)% G1-phase fraction은 각각 51.50(${\pm}23.15$)%, 54.16(${\pm}20.25$)%로서 각 군간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결 론 : FHIT는 인체의 비소세포 폐암의 43%에서 소실되었고, 흡연의 경험이 있을수록, 선암보다는 편평상피암일수록, TNM 병기가 진행할수록 유의하게 FHIT 소실이 높았고, FHIT 소실여부에 따른 생존율의 차이는 없었다. FHIT 소실군에서 발현군보다 세포고사율이 유의하게 낮았으며, S 및 $G_1$ phase fraction의 차이는 없었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.671-675
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• 2009

Prostate cancer has been a critical health problem due to an increase of prostate cancer-related deaths worldwide. Also, a frequent treatment option for prostate cancer is androgen ablation, but this treatment has a limited scope, especially for hormone-refractory cancer. There is an urgent need for the identification of alternative therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer. Previously, over one hundred species of dried-plant methanol extracts were tested for inhibitory effects on proliferation. One of them, Piper longum Linn. was selected based on its potent anti-proliferation effect. The dried root of P. longum Linn. was extracted with 100% methanol for 2-3 days and its extract was fractionated using chloroform. The chloroform layer was then subjected to column chromatography on silica gel, reverse phase-18 (RP-18) and Sephadex LH-20, in turn. Finally, the pure compound was obtained and identified as pipernonaline by NMR spectroscopic and physico-chemical analysis. In this study, anti-proliferation and cell cycle arrest effects of pipernonaline on human prostate cancer PC-3 cells were investigated using the MTT and PI staining, respectively. Our findings suggest that pipernonaline represents a dose-dependent growth inhibition pattern on PC-3 cells and, moreover, its growth inhibition is associated with sub-G1 and G0/G1 cell cycle accumulation in PC-3 cells. Also, these results provide an anticancer candidate for human prostate cancer.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2020

DBR(Drum-Buffer-Rope)은 하나의 병목공정이 존재하는 생산라인을 드럼, 버퍼 그리고 로프로 구성하여 제약설비인 병목공정을 중심으로 효과적인 스케줄링을 수립하는 데 좋은 전략으로 알려져 있다. 하지만 최근 제품의 다양성이 증가되면서 공정의 복잡성이 높아지고, 자재 및 중간재의 재투입을 요구하는 공정이 많아지고 있다. 재투입 공정은 원자재가 완제품으로 생산될 때까지 동일한 설비에서 반복적으로 작업처리가 되어야 하므로 복잡한 작업환경을 가지게 된다. 본 연구는 기존의 흐름공정에서 우수한 성능을 보인 DBR 기반의 스케줄링 방법이 재투입이 있는 공정에서도 효과적으로 적용 가능한지 여부와 이를 위해서 추가적으로 검토되어야 할 전략들을 다루었다. 본 연구의 핵심은 재투입 공정에 DBR 방법을 적용하기 위하여 재투입 공정을 여러 개로 쪼개어 하나의 병목공정을 갖는 임의의 흐름공정(루프)으로 재구성한다는 점이다. 이러한 구조를 기반으로 본 연구에서는 두 가지 의사결정에 초점을 맞추어 생산 스케줄링 전략을 구성하였다. 첫째, 흐름공정마다 적정 수준의 재고수준과 안정적 생산성을 유지하기 위해 자재 투입시점과 적절한 투입량을 결정한다. 둘째는 각 공정별 상이한 작업 우선순위를 결정하는 방법이다. 본 연구는 실험을 위해 HP사의 TRC(Technology Research Center) 공정에 대한 시뮬레이션 모델을 설계하였고, DBR 기반 루프 스케줄링을 적용한 결과, cycle time의 감소 및 재공품재고의 루프 간 균형을 유지하는 것을 확인하였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제51권9호
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• pp.444-449
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• 2018

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common hematological malignancies all around the world. MicroRNAs have been determined to contribute various cancers initiation and progression, including AML. Although microRNA-204 (miR-204) exerts anti-tumor effects in several kinds of cancers, its function in AML remains unknown. In the present study, we assessed miR-204 expression in AML blood samples and cell lines. We also investigated the effects of miR-204 on cellular function of AML cells and the underlying mechanisms of the action of miR-204. Our results showed that miR-204 expression was significantly downregulated in AML tissues and cell lines. In addition, overexpression of miR-204 induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in AML cells, including AML5, HL-60, Kasumi-1 and U937 cells. Cell cycle analysis further confirmed an augmentation in theapoptotic subG1 population by miR-204 overexpression. Mechanistically, baculoviral inhibition of apoptosis protein repeat containing 6 (BIRC6) was identified as a direct target of miR-204. Enforcing miR-204 expression increased the luciferase activity and expression of BIRC6, as well as p53 and Bax expression. Moreover, restoration of BIRC6 reversed the pro-apoptotic effects of miR-204 overexpression in AML cells. Taken together, this study demonstrates that miR-204 causes AML cell apoptosis by targeting BIRC6, suggesting miR-204 may play an anti-carcinogenic role in AML and function as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2011

Various herbal medicinal extracts were examined for the development of cosmetic products with anti-oxidative and anti-wrinkle activity. First, total polyphenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activities of herbal medicinal extracts were measured. Most herbal samples, except for DW extracts of Portulaca oleracea, Caesalpinia sappan, Taraxacum platycarpum, Carthamus tinctorius, and 70% EtOH extracts of Taraxacum platycarpum and Carthamus tinctorius, showed DPPH radical scavenging activity over 80% at a concentration of $400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. SOD-like antioxidant activity of DW extracts of Syzygium aromaticum, DW extracts of Eriobtrya japonica and 70% EtOH extracts of Sophora japonica was measured as 40%, 35% and 80%, respectively at a dry matter concentration of $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In elastase inhibition assay, DW extracts of Lycium chinense ($50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and 70% EtOH extracts of Areca catechu ($50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) showed 50% and 40% of inhibition, respectively. At a concentration of $1.250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, DW extracts of Lycium chinense and 70% EtOH extracts of Areca catechu showed 10% and 30% of collagenase inhibition, respectively. Skin and lotion samples were prepared using the two herbal extracts of high anti-wrinkle activity: Lycium chinense extract and Areca catechu extract. The storage stability of skin and lotion containing each of the selected herbal extracts was evaluated. pH and viscosity were used as stability indicators for the stability test under different storage temperatures and freeze-thaw cycle conditions. The skin and lotion containing each of DW extract of Lycium chinense and 70% EtOH extract of Areca catechu was showed high pH and viscosity stability. The skin and lotion containing DW extracts of Lycium chinense showed relatively higher stability than the skin and lotion containing 70% EtOH extract of Areca catechu, at cycle chamber and freeze-thaw conditions. In summary, these results indicated that cosmetics containing DW extract of Lycium chinense were relatively stable, and this herbal extract could be used as a stable functional cosmetic material.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2000

The chloroform and methanol (2;1, v/v) extract from an edible plant, Actinidia arguta Planchon, appeared to possess antitumor activity against human leukemias Jurkat T and U937 cells through inducing apoptosis. The substance in the solvent extract was purified by silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Characteristics of the substance analyzed by UV scanning analysis, $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectra suggested that the substance belongs to the chlorophyll derivatives-like group. The $IC_{50}$ value of the chlorophyll derivative (Cp-D) determined by MTT assay was $15\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ for Jurkat, $10\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ for U937, and $11.4\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ for HL-60m and was more toxic to these leukemias than to solid tumors or normal fibroblast. In order to elucidate cellular mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity, the effect of the Cp-D on Jurkat T cells was investigated. When cells were treated with the Cp-D at a concentration of $15\mu\textrm{g}/ml$, [3H]thymidine incorporation declined rapidly and wa undetectable in 1h. However, no significant changes were made in the cell cycle distribution of the cells by 24h. The sub-Gl peak representing apoptotic cells began to be detectable in 36h, at which time apoptotic DNA fragmentation was also detected on agarose gel electrophoresis, demonstrating that the cytotoxic effect of the Cp-D is attributable to the induced apoptosis. Under the same conditions, although the protein level of cyclin-dependent kinases such as cdc4, csk6, cdk2, and cdc2 was not significantly changed until 24h, the kinase activity of all c안 rapidly declined and reached a minimum level within 1-6h and then recovered to the initial level by 12h and sustained until 24h. These results suggest that inactivation of cdks at an inappropriate time during the cell cycle progression in jurkat T cells following a treatment with the Cp-D leads to induction of apoptotic cell death.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.238-243
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• 2011

본 연구는 기존의 인공심폐기의 단점을 보완하기 위하여 혈액펌프를 사용하지 않고 혈류의 흐름을 유도할 수 있는 기구(balloon)형 인공심폐기 설계를 위한 구조적 해석을 시도하였다. 가상의 모형 인공심폐기 내에서의 혈류의 흐름패턴을 분석하기 위하여 CFD 모델링 방법을 사용하였다. 이 시스템의 작동원리는 막 산화기 주위를 기구를 사용하여 압력하중을 인가하여 주기적으로 수축.이완되도록 하였으며, 시간에 따라 변화하는 시간 함수 값은 sine 반주기와 sine 주기를 계산하여 적용하였다. 이와 같은 방법으로 기구형 인공심폐기를 설계할 경우 한 방향에 대한 혈류의 움직임을 유도할 수 있다는 가정 하에 구조적 해석을 하였다. 실험결과 CFD 시뮬레이션을 통하여 인공심폐기의 입구와 출구에 서의 혈류의 속도와 압력을 측정하여 분석한 결과 한 방향에 대한 혈류의 유동이 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. 이와 같은 CFD 시뮬레이션은 혈류의 흐름특성을 미리 예측할 수 있어 인공심폐기 설계에 있어서 최적화된 디자인을 제공할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1119-1124
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• 2012

Background: The effect and possible mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine, baicalin, on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in drug-resistant human myeloid leukemia HL-60/ADR cells have been investigated in this current study. Methods: HL-60/ADR cells were treated by 20, 40, $80\;{\mu}mol/L$ baicalin followed by cell cycle analysis at 24h. The mRNA expression level of the apoptosis related gene, Bcl-2 and bad, were measured by RT-PCR on cells treated with $80\;{\mu}mol/L$ baicalin at 12, 24 and 48hr. Western blot was performed to detect the changes in the expression of the proteins related to HL-60/ADR cell apoptosis and the signaling pathway before and after baicalin treatment, including Bcl-2, PARP, Bad, Caspase 3, Akt, p-Akt, NF-${\kappa}B$, p-NF-${\kappa}B$, mTOR and p-mTOR. Results: Sub-G1 peak of HL-60/ADR cells appeared 24 h after $20\;{\mu}mol/L$ baicalin treatment, and the ratio increased as baicalin concentration increased. Cell cycle analysis showed 44.9% G0/G1 phase cells 24 h after baicalin treatment compared to 39.6% in the control group. Cells treated with $80\;{\mu}mol/L$ baicalin displayed a trend in decreasing of Bcl-2 mRNA expression over time. Expression level of the Bcl-2 and PARP proteins decreased significantly while that of the PARP, Caspase-3, and Bad proteins gradually increased. No significant difference in Akt expression was observed between treated and the control groups. However, the expression levels of p-Akt, NF-${\kappa}B$, p-NF-${\kappa}B$, mTOR and p-mTOR decreased significantly in a time-dependent manner. Conclusions: We conclude that baicalin may induce HL-60/ADR cell apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.6039-6046
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• 2015

Aims: To investigate effect of metallic nanoparticles, silver (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as antitumor treatment in vitro against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and their associated mechanisms. This could provide new class of engineered nanoparticles with desired physicochemical properties and may present newer approaches for therapeutic modalities to breast cancer in women. Materials and Methods: A human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was used as a model of cells. Metallic nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectra and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cytotoxic effects of metallic nanoparticles on MCF-7 cells were followed by colorimetric SRB cell viability assays, microscopy, and cellular uptake. Nature of cell death was further investigated by DNA analysis and flow cytometry. Results: Treatment of MCF-7 with different concentrations of 5-10nm diameter of AgNPs inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 value of $6.28{\mu}M$, whereas treatment of MCF-7 with different concentrations of 13-15nm diameter of AuNPs inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 value of $14.48{\mu}M$. Treatment of cells with a IC50 concentration of AgNPs generated progressive accumulation of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle and prevented entry into the M phase. The treatment of cells with IC50 concentrations of AuNPs similarly generated progressive accumulation of cells in sub-G1 and S phase, and inhibited the entrance of cells into the M phase of the cell cycle. DNA fragmentation, as demonstrated by electrophoresis, indicated induction of apoptosis. Conclusions: Our engineered silver nanoparticles effectively inhibit the proliferation of human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 in vitro at high concentration ($1000{\mu}M$) through apoptotic mechanisms, and may be a beneficial agent against human carcinoma but further detailed study is still needed.