• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of consumer's status type (status consistency and status inconsistency) on clothing expenditures. Data were obtained from Urban Household Economy Survey published by the National Statistical Office. Multiple regression analyses of variance and Scheffe tests were4 utilized in this study. The effect of the status inconsistency was categorized by three variables such as education occupation and income levels of households. The overprivileged status group which had higher levels of income than the levels of occupation of education spent most on clothing whereas the underprivileged status group which had higher levels of income than the levels of occupation of education spent least on clothing. This study showed that there were significant differences in clothing expenditures among status groups classified by levels of income and education or by levels of income and occupation. Among status group classified by levels of education and income there was a significant difference in clothing expenditures between overprivileged status group and underprivileged status group. In conclusion income has the strongest effect on the clothing expenditures. The results of study can help to understand consumer buying behavior and also give insights of marketing strategy in the apparel industry.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1070-1080
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• 2002

This study was designed to obtain the information concerning food intake, dietary habits, functional status, health condition and cognitive status of the elderly using public health center in Ulsan area. The subjects of this study consisted 154 elderly persons aged 60~82 years. Interviews were conducted using the health habits and food frequency questionnaires to provide basic information for nutrition education program. We evaluated the current food intake, dietary cholesterol intake (cholesterol index), functional status, cognitive function and blood analysis of the subjects. The results of this study were as follows : Mean age of the subjects was 68.7 $\pm$ 6.7years. The average cognitive status score of the subjects was 7.9 $\pm$ 2.0 (full score was 10.0). Male had a higher cognitive status score than female. There was significant difference between cognitive status score and age, education level, pocket money, physical activity and living condition. The subjects who had a higher cognitive status score ate more fish and meats group and milk and milk products than the subjects had a lower cognitive status score. And hemoglobin level, serum triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index affected to cognitive status while fasting blood glucose and LDL-cholesterol did not any effect on cognitive status. These results have demonstrated that various socioeconomic variables and food intake pattern and nutritional status affect on cognitive status with aging and suggest that proper nutrition education and adequate nutrient intake in quality and quantity are essential in maintaining cognitive status in later life.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.346-355
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was aimed to examine the effect of employment status upon the subjective health status. Methods: The data of the study were from the 11th Korean Labor Panel Data, obtained by using a face to face interview method. These data were analyzed by ANOVA, t-test and multiple regression using the SPSS program. Results: There was a significant, statistical difference on the subjective health status according to employment status. The subjective health status of non-regular workers was lower than that of the regular workers. The significant predictors of the subjective health status of all subjects were economic status, age, gender, education, marital status, drinking, employment status, and egular work time. The significant predictors of the subjective health status of workers were age, economic status, gender, and education. The significant predictors of the subjective health status of non-regular workers were age, economic status, marital status, gender, education, and regular work time. Conclusion: These results indicate an association between the subjective health status and employment status. The subjective health status may be affected by instability of temporary employment. The additional research to clarify the role of employment instability is recommended. Research on social policy to resolve health inequalities is recommended.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.173-177
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• 2003

This study was done to investigate the relationship of socioeconomic status and food intake to cognitive status of the older population. The subjects of this study consisted of 214 older persons aged 60 - 84 years. Interviews were conducted using the health-related habits and food frequency questionnaires to provide basic information for nutrition education program. We evaluated the current food consumption-pattern and cognitive status of the subjects. The results of this study were as follows： Mean age of the subjects was 69.7${\pm}$7.4 years. The average cognitive function score of the subjects was 7.9${\pm}$2.0 (full score was 10.0). Male had a higher cognitive status score than female. There was significant difference between cognitive status score and age, education level, pocket money, physical activity and family type. The subjects who had a higher cognitive status score ate more fish and meats group and milk and milk products than the subjects that had a lower cognitive status score. These results have demonstrated that various socioeconomic variables and food intake pattern affect on cognitive status with aging and suggest that proper nutrition education and adequate nutrient intake in quality and quantity are essential in maintaining cognitive status in later life.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.71-85
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to determine how the association between socioeconomic status and health behaviors with self-rated health status among Korean aged 20-64 years. Methods: A nationally representative sample(2,027 men and 2,626 women) from the 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Surveys was analyzed. To estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals, logistic regression was conducted. Results: The study shows that socioeconomic status was related with self-rated health status. that was, lower education and income led to a significant increase in poor health status. The odds ratio of self-rated health status after controlling for age was 2.83(95% CI, 1.60-5.00) for men, 2.32(95% CI, 1.15-3.46) for women among those with the lowest-educated group compared to the highest-educated group. When household income was considered, the odds ratio of self-rated health for men was 3.50(95% CI, 2.11-5.79) and 2.21(95% CI, 1.53-3.20) for women among those in the lowest-income group compared to the highest-income group. Health behaviors had little effect on the relationship between socioeconomic status and self-rated health status. Conclusions: This study found that there existed socioeconomic differences in poor health status in Korean. The effect of education was stronger than that of income for both men and women.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.519-528
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to test the relationship between health status and bathing. Method: The population of this study consisted of females, above age 20 in urban areas in order to control the effects of extraneous variables, resident areas, gender, and age. Four hundred and twenty-eight (428) women were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF)-36 Health Survey assessed individual health status. Bathingbehavior and attitudes toward bath have been measured with questionnaires designed by the authors. Result: The most popular bathing type was shower (46.8%). The preferred type of bath was related to health status. A common purpose of the tub-bath was relieving fatigue and hygiene, but the other purposes were different on the subjects health status. Persons with low health status took frequently tub-baths for health. Attitudes toward bath were related to health status. Women with low scores in physical health recognized more physical effects of bath than psychological effects or hygenic effects. Conclusion: Bathing included physical and psychological dimensions and was related to health status.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.85-110
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to examine whether health status is different according to employment status and income level in wage-earners. We analyzed wage-earners of 2199 men and 1194 women aged 30-64 years, using data from the 2006 Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS). The difference of health status according to employment status and income level was compared with the multiple logistic regression and the standardized concentration index of ill-health. The risk of ill-health was high when waged-earners had low income. The same is true for poor employment status when their employment status was unstable as in manual laborers, irregular workers, temporary, daily workers or part-time workers. furthermore, the wage-earners with lower income and a relatively disadvantageous employment status showed the lowest health status compared to other groups. Ill-health was relatively more concentrated in lower income group and poor employment status. This study identified the existence of health inequality among various employment status of wage-earners. It is suggested that policies that deal with the inequality in social class may have an important impact on the health of the population.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.112-121
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the mediating effect of nutritional status on the relationship between symptom experience and functional status of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Methods: A total of 141 COPD patients visiting D hospital and I hospital in B city were enrolled in this study. Data were collected from January 2017 to July 2017. Outcome variables were measured by Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF) for nutritional status, The Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS) for symptom experience, and The Functional Performance Inventory Short Form (FPI-SF) for functional status. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and path analysis using SPSS/WIN 21.0 and AMOS 25. Results: There was a significant negative correlation between symptom experience and nutritional status (r=-.61, p<.001), a significant negative correlation between symptom experience and functional status (r=-.40, p<.001), and significant positive correlation between nutritional status and functional status (r=.47, p<.001). Symptom experience had indirect effects on functional status through nutritional status. Conclusion: For enhancing functional status in COPD patients, it is necessary to develop nursing intervention programs to enhance symptom management as well as nutritional status.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.95-111
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between the conspicuous consumption of clothing and status inconsistency. For this study, two kinds of guestionnaires were conducted to collect data for the conspicuous consumption variables of clothing and status inconsistency variables. Status inconsistency was measured by educational levels and occupational levels of married women and their husbands, the family′s total income. Status inconsistency was defined by the inconsistency among married women′s and their husband′s educational levels, family′s total income, their husband′s occupational levels. In order to investigate status inconsistency effects, when their investment (education0 are lower than their rewards (income or occupation) they are classified as over-rewarded inconsistency, while their investments is higher than their rewards, as under-rewarded inconsistency, and their investments are equal to their rewards, as consistency. The conspicuous consumption variables in clothing were consisted of seven variables; Brand-oriented, Fashion-oriented, Leisure-showing, Leisure-oriented purchase of clothing and Excessive expenditure to purchase of clothing, purchase of Imitation clothing in well-known brand and purchase of Expensive clothing from abroad. Data were obtained fro m436 housewives living in Kwang-ju are a and analyzed by F-test, Pearson′s Correlation and Frequency. The results of this study were follow; When the subjects were divided into three group according to their status inconsistency type, there were significant differences (P<.05 or P<.01) among groups of conspicuous consumption variables in clothing. The groups of "under pivileged" status inconsistency type and "over rewarded" status inconsistency type were tend to show conspicuous consumption in clothing than other type of status inconsistency groups.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.379-390
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the actual condition of the adolescent status delinquency and to predict that family environments, the mother's rear attitudes and personal factors influence on the adolescent status delinquency among high school students in Busan(N=404). Under these purposes of the study, the preliminary study was performed to divided the criminal delinquency from the status delinquency, and on the basis of the result of the preliminary study, the analysis of causal pathway were performed. The data were surveyed using paper and pencil self-rating. Descriptive statistics and pathway analyses were conducted to answer research objectives. The result of this study was as follows. First, the status delinquency and the criminal delinquency are different dimensions with each other independently. Second, Contents of the status delinquencies were Drinking, Smoking, Cheating examination, Stopping out, Reckless running, Gang fighting, Reading lewdness and Watching lewd video, Sexual intercourse with the other gender, etc., The criminal delinquencies were Robbing of bicycle or auto-bicycle, Taking nalcotic drug, Robbing money of drunkard and women, Rape, Setting on fire, etc. Third, The factors of structural environments of the family and the factors of mother's rear attitude influenced on the status delinquency via adolescence's compulsivity. that is to say, if the mother's rear attitude is affective, it restrains the impulsivity of adolescence causing to the restraint of the status delinquency.