• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.201-208
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• 1999

The NATM(New Austrian Tunnelling Method) has been used for tunnelling since 1980's. But Collapses of tunnel under construction take place frequently, especially at urban areas because of adjacent buildings, underground conduits and traffic loads. This paper is a case study on the reinforcement method of subway tunnel at urban areas. In this study, ground inspection, geological investigation, laboratory test and numerical analysis by means of FDM program were carried out. The tunnel excavation was stopped because of over excessive brake of tunnel crown and shotcrete was installed to prevent deformation of adjacent ground as the temporary method. From the result of field survey and geological investigation, it is found that the soft weathered soil was distributed to the ground of tunnel invert unlike original investigation. The results of the analysis and the study show that the SGR(Space Grouting Rocket) method and Umbrella method can be applied for the stability of tunnel excavation and in addition the reinforcement of concrete lining is required for long-term stability of tunnel.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2017

This study is to analyze the remodeling method of library in terms of space extension method and urban regeneration by repurposing function in unused facilities through case study. In many case of library extension, horizontal extensions are more frequent than vertical extensions, because there are limits to extend vertically due to high live load estimation by book stacks. Extension schemes was organized by new building extension method in connection with existing buildings, attaching method small scaled mass or linear mass to existing building, connecting method a plurality of existing small buildings, vertical extension method on the top of the structure, underground extension method using special structure. Unused facility remodeling to the library, large scaled buildings can be developed completely to the function of the library through the relocation of the space, while small scaled building needs spatial extension. In the case of spatial extension, existing space that was used for other purposes can be used as a reading room or office, avoiding high live load estimation.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2010

Background: The medial plantar nerve (MPN) is a distal branch of the posterior tibial nerve, and various methods of nerve conduction study for MPN have been introduced so far. Hemmi et al described a new method (Hemmi's method) for recording medial plantar sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs), which is considered as a simple and reliable method for measuring medial plantar SNAPs. This study was aimed to establish the normal values for the MPN conduction study among Koreans and to compare the sensitivities of three different methods for MPN conduction study (Hemmi, Oh, and Saeed's method) in detecting evidence of peripheral neuropathy among diabetic patients. Methods: In 27 healthy subjects, MPN conduction study using Hemmi's method was performed and normal values were calculated. In 54 diabetic patients who showed normal routine nerve conduction studies, three different methods for MPN conduction study were performed and diagnostic sensitivity of each method were compared. Results: In normal subjects, the mean medial plantar SNAP amplitude and conduction velocities measured by Hemmi's method were $4.3{\pm}1.0$ uV and $38.3{\pm}6.8$ m/s respectively. Among 54 patients with diabetes who showed normal routine nerve conduction studies, medial plantar SNAP was not obtainable in 28, 31, and 6 patients by Hemmi, Oh and Saeed's method respectively. Conclusions: In terms of the diagnostic sensitivity for detecting diabetic neuropathy, there had been no significant statistical difference between three different methods. Our study suggested that MPN conduction study using Hemmi's method is simple and useful screening test for early diabetic neuropathy, and is comparable with Oh's method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of Jigsaw small inquiry method on science academic achievement and scientific attitudes. For this study, two classes of six graders were divided into a research group and a comparative group. The classes were pre-tested in order to ensure the same standard. The research group had the science class with Jigsaw small inquiry method, and the comparative group had the class with a teacher centered lectures for 12 classes for 12 weeks. The Jigsaw small inquiry method was focused on the introduction stage, the whole group activities, professional group activities, restart the whole group activities, supplementary structured study guide, results announced, and excellent group rewards. To prove the effects of this study, science learning motivation was split up based on the attention power, relation, confidence, and sense of satisfaction. The results of this study are as follows. First, Jigsaw small inquiry method is effective in science academic achievement. Second, Jigsaw small inquiry method is effective in scientific attitudes. Also, Jigsaw small inquiry method was approved by students. Consequently, Jigsaw small inquiry method had the great effects on developing science academic achievement for the elementary science class. That means the science class with Jigsaw small inquiry method has potential to develop science academic achievement and scientific attitudes.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.440-449
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to make a preference and result analysis on the free inquiry method of pre-service elementary school teachers. Also, this study investigates how free inquiry activities effect the science-related attitudes and the self-directed learning characteristics of pre-service elementary school teachers. For this study 76, second year, science education pre-service elementary school teachers from Busan National University of education were selected. The inquiry examined the effectiveness of each of the following teaching methods: the IIM method, the PBL method, the PROJECT method, and the small group inquiry method. The students were divided into groups in which they incorporated the respective methods into their practice. In conclusion, the IIM free inquiry activities proved to be much more effective than the PBL method, the PROJECT method, and the small group inquire method in terms of developing self-directed learning characteristics and science related attitudes at the significant difference of p=0.05.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.10-16
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• 1995

In estimating the fatigue data, only the uniform safety rate has been applied so far However, since more reasonable design concepts such as machine structures or subsidiary materials will be required in the future, the importance of a statistical estimation method for fatigue data is being highlighted. With such basic conception in mind, this study was aimed at critically discussing the interval estimation method which has been applied using the classical statistics thus far It was conceived that this conventional method would result in the estimation of the unstable side from the viewpoint of the likelihood Interval estimation method. In this regard, this study aimed at estimating the fatigue strength through the likelihood interval estimation method comparing it with the conventional interval estimation method would result in the estimation of the unstable side from the viewpoint of the likelihood interval estimation method. One of the methods using the likelihood for estimation data is the Bayes method. Based on this theory, statistical estimations were positivly applied, and thereupon, the fatigue data were estimated.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.28
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• pp.105-119
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• 2007

Restoration of earthenware is largely composed of selection of clay, making(forming), and firing. This study lays emphasis on the making method and open-air firing. For making methods, This study used coiling method partly with priority given to ring method. The most significant feature of this restoration work is the making method of tap-forming, in which 외박자(out tap instrument) and 내박자(inter tap instrument) would be tapped and formed. For firing, This study used open-air firing method in the most primitive way. This method needs no special device and equipment and makes the work more simple and easy. The previous study was on the making method by archeological and preservation-scientific research but this study emphasized the restoration work in an actual earthenware maker's position. Through the result of this study, This study wish this would be an opportunity to present another model of various restoration methods for other researchers those who wanted to participate in the restoration and openair firing.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.801-810
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• 2004

The Primal-Dual Interior-Point (PDIP) method is currently one of the fastest emerging topics in optimization. This method has become an effective solution algorithm for large scale nonlinear optimization problems. such as the electric Optimal Power Flow (OPF) and natural gas and electricity OPF. This study describes major theoretical developments of the PDIP method as well as practical issues related to implementation of the method. A simple quadratic problem with linear equality and inequality constraints

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.21 no.45
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• pp.93-100
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• 1998

The researches of Linear Programming are Khachiyan Method, which uses Ellipsoid Method, and Karmarkar, Affine, Path-Following and Interior Point Method which have Polynomial-Time complexity. In this study, Karmarkar Method is more quickly solved as 50 times then Simplex Method for optimal solution. but some special problem is not solved by Karmarkar Method. As a result, the algorithm by APL Language is proved time efficiency and optimal solution in the Primal-Dual interior point algorithm. Furthermore Karmarkar Method and Primal-Dual interior point Method is compared in some examples.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.271-283
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• 2014

This study takes a look at Polya's analysis on Archimedes' "The Method" from a math-historical perspective. We, based on the elaboration of Polya's analysis, investigate the analytic geometric characteristics of Archimedes' "The Method" and discuss the way of using the characteristics in education of school calculus. So this study brings up the educational need of approach of teaching the definite integral by clearly disclosing the transition from length, area, volume etc into the length as an area function under a curve. And this study suggests the approach of teaching both merit and deficiency of the indivisibles method, and the educational necessity of making students realizing that the strength of analytic geometry lies in overcoming deficiency of the indivisibles method by dealing with the relation of variation and rate of change by means of algebraic expression and graph.