• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2020

Students' engagement is very important for effect science learning. Multidimensional approaches on students' engagement defines engagement in three ways which includes cognitive, behavioral, and cognitive engagement. Based on the multidimensional approaches on students' engagement, this study identified latent groups of elementary students characterized by patterns of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional engagement in science classes. This study also compared students' perceptions of their engagement in general science classes and small-group activities by the latent groups. 377 elementary students were involved in this study. 5-scale Likert survey were used in order to investigate students' engagement in science classes. Latent class analysis using Mplus program identified 3 latent groups of students engagement in science classes: Highly engaged, moderately engaged, and minimally engaged in three ways of engagement. The mean scores of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional engagement were significantly different by three latent groups. In addition, there were significant difference in students perceptions on participating experiments activities and carefully listening of teacher among latent groups. However, there was no significant difference in students' perceptions on their actions during small-group activities. Educational implications were discussed.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.143-170
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• 2014

As it was argued that students' cognitive engagement can be, at least in part, modified by individual or learning environmental factors, prior studies have attempted to identify the factors explaining the variability of students' cognitive engagement. This literature review has shown that students' cognitive engagement can be altered by various elements in the learning environment design such as factors related students' perceptions of teaching quality, characteristics of tasks and learning activities, teachers' behaviors during instruction, classroom goal structures, the integration of student oriented learning, action learning, problem-based learning, and constructivist learning, and academic disciplines. Based on the review, this study suggests that more studies are required to focus on understandings how the integration of instructional design principles into courses and the levels of student cognitive engagement in these courses are related. Also, an investigation of direct and indirect effect of learning environments taking into account students' personal factors would provide a more accurate picture of the relationship between learning environmental factors and students' cognitive engagement.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.255-267
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• 2020

Students' engagement is important for meaningful learning and it has multifaceted aspects for their science learning. This study investigated elementary students' perceptions of science learning engagement. The subjects of this study were 341 4^th to 6^th elementary students. The survey questionnaires were 5-Likert scale questions and free response questions on science learning engagement. The results showed that elementary students' perceptions of behavioral engagement were higher than emotional and cognitive engagement. Keyword network analysis with NetMiner program showed that the frequent key words of science learning engagement were 'experiment', 'listening', and 'teachers' explanation', which were mostly the behavioral types of engagement. The degree centrality and eigenvector centrality of these key words appeared high. 'Interest', which is emotional engagement, were also one of the frequent key words, but the centralities of this word were relatively low. The Frequent key words of science learning disengagement were mostly related with off-tasks, not doing expected behaviors and negative emotions about science and science learning. Educational implications on science learning engagement were discussed.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.299-316
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• 2016

The abilities for 21st learners have recently changed and learners' engagement is emphasized. In flipped classroom, students learn the prerequisite concepts of the lecture online in advance and perform various types of activities based on interaction and engagement. As students in flipped classroom construct knowledge actively, students' engagement is very important. Therefore, I conducted a research of flipped mathematics class to help teachers to better understand students' engagement in flipped mathematics class. The flipped mathematics class was conducted for about 3 weeks with 29 middle school students and one teacher. Video and audio recordings, completed student worksheets and interview data were collected and analyzed using the qualitative method. The results of this study showed that students' engagement is influenced by diverse factors. Engagement factors were categorized by teacher factors, community factors, material factors, tasks and strategy factors, classroom culture factors. Each factor facilitates or suppresses behavioral, emotional, cognitive, agentic engagements, and sometimes several factors are related. The results of this study increase understanding of engagement through the example of a case study on flipped mathematics class.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2014

This study aimed to find out the current conditions and the characteristics of elementary students' science-related engagement in informal education setting. For this, we conducted a survey targeting 645 $6^{th}$ grader elementary students of three elementary school in Seoul. The results were described as following aspects: first, the place, the engagement frequency, and companies of students' science-related activity in informal setting, second, the characteristics of engagement based on homogeneity analysis. Based on these results, we suggested several ways to encourage students' science-related engagement in informal education setting.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.81-114
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• 2023

The study aimed to qualitatively examine middle school students' engagement in distance instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants comprised 119 students from a girls' middle school in Seoul, South Korea. To gain an in-depth understanding of the students' experiences, we collected their reflective journals, which included structured items about their learning engagement at three timepoints in 2020: April, July, and December. The following are the results: 10 themes and 18 concepts were derived, and they were integrated into causal conditions (sudden transition due to COVID-19), contextual condition (technology readiness, school education context), central phenomena (high level of behavioral engagement, low emotional engagement), interventional conditions (recognizing the potential of online learning, situational awareness about COVID-19 and online learning), action/interaction phenomena (development and use of self-regulated learning strategies), and consequences (changes in practices and perception towards online learning). Based on the findings, engagement patterns of the participants were classified into five types: proactive, conservative, receptive, reactive, passive learners. The present study demonstrated important findings that are essential for the improvement and development of engaging online learning strategies in the future.

• 한국교육학연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.301-327
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 한국과 중국의 고등학생들을 대상으로 이들이 지각한 교실 목적구조(숙달, 수행접근, 수행회피), 도움 요청 행동(도움 요청, 도움 요청 회피) 및 학교 참여에 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 살펴보고, 이들이 지각한 교실 목적구조와 학교 참여 간의 관계에서 도움 요청 행동(도움 요청, 도움 요청 회피)이 매개하는지에 대해 탐색해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 한국과 중국의 고등학생 총 584명을 최종 분석 대상으로 선정하였다. 본 연구 결과, 한국의 고등학생들에 비해 중국의 고등학생들이 지각한 교실 숙달 목적구조 및 교실 수행회피 목조구조 수준이 높은 것으로 나타났고, 도움 요청과 정서적 학교 참여 수준도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반면에, 한국 고등학생들이 중국 고등학생들에 비해 행동적 학교 참여 수준이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 한국 고등학생들이 지닌 도움 요청 및 도움 요청 회피는 교실 숙달 목적구조와 학교 참여 간의 관계를 유의하게 매개하며, 도움 요청 회피는 교실 수해회피 목적구조와 학교 참여 간의 관계를 유의하게 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 중국 고등학생들이 지닌 도움 요청 및 도움 요청 회피는 교실 수행회피 목적구조와 학교 참여 간의 관계를 유의하게 매개하며, 도움 요청 회피만 교실 숙달 목적구조와 학교 참여 간의 관계를 유의하게 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 본 연구 결과는 한국과 중국의 고등학생들의 학교 참여 수준 증진을 위한 방안을 개발하는 데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2017

This study investigated student engagement of STEM-specialized higher education institutions in comparison with students from humanities & social science and STEM majors, respectively. By doing so, the study aimed to find the effects of the characteristics of STEM disciplines and organizational culture of STEM-specialized small-sized institutions on student engagement. The students majoring STEM disciplines, regardless of the organizational types, showed lower reflective-integrative learning experiences compared to students on humanities & social science disciplines. In contrast, students of STEM-specialized institutions reported significantly higher levels of peer relationship and student-faculty interaction in comparison with humanities & social science students and STEM students of general higher education institutions. Finally, the study suggests policy implications for STEM education.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the academic engagement, academic burnout, stress, and social support among undergraduate nursing students by grade. Methods: The study is a descriptive comparative survey. The participants were 247 undergraduate nursing students enrolled in 3 universities located in G city. The collected data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, $x^2$ tests, and analysis of covariance, using SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: The students showed significant differences in academic engagement, academic burnout, and stress according to their grade. The post-hoc analysis results showed that sophomores and juniors had lower academic engagement and higher academic burnout and stress than others (i.e., freshmen, or seniors). There was no significant difference in social support among nursing students. Academic engagement had a positive correlation with social support and a negative correlation with academic burnout and stress. Also, academic burnout had a positive correlation with stress and a negative correlation with academic engagement and social support. Conclusion: The findings indicate that nursing students in second and third grade were at risk of academic burnout and under severe stress. Therefore, sophomores and juniors need more attention and care to help them relieve and control stress and burnout and to improve their academic engagement. Also, the findings should be considered when developing plans and/or interventions for nursing students' major adjustment and academic achievement.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.111-137
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• 2021

Embracing the important roles of presence, this study focused on exploring how to enhance online learners' learning engagement and learning achievement in distance higher education settings. More specifically, this study examined the structural relationships among university students' teaching presence, social presence, learning engagement, and perceived learning achievement in online learning environments using structural equation modeling. Data were collected from 206 university students enrolled in online courses in the second semester of 2020 at two large universities. According to the results of the data analysis, there was a significant relationship between teaching and social presence. Teaching presence and social presence predicted learning engagement that positively affected perceived learning achievement. Teaching presence was strongly associated with perceived learning achievement while social presence had a negative impact on that. Additionally, learning engagement had a mediating effect on the relationship between teaching presence and perceived learning achievement. This study found that students who perceived higher levels of teaching and social presences tend to more engage in learning, leading to perceiving better learning achievement. The findings suggest that the design, development, and implementation of effective online instruction should be needed to promote learning engagement, which can be linked to enhancing students' learning achievement. Implications and discussion are addressed in this article.