• 대한화학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2008

이 연구의 목적은 고등학생들의 용해·확산과 관련된 혼합현상에 대한 개념 유형을 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 연구대상은 화학 I 과목을 수강하는 고등학교 2학년 학생 108명과 화학 II 과목을 수강하는 고등학교 3학년 학생 29명이다. 연구 결과, 많은 학생들이 분필이 무극성 물질이기 때문에 물에 섞이지 않는다는 대안 적 개념을 가지고 있었다. 사염화탄소가 물에 섞이지 않는 현상에 대해서 대부분의 학생들이 인력의 개념으로 이해하였으나, 밀도 차이와 같은 물질의 특성의 차이로 이해하는 유형 또한 많았다. 물과 에탄올이 한없이 섞 이는 현상은 많은 학생들이 인력 개념으로 이해하였다. 대부분 학생들은 수성 잉크와 물이 섞이는 현상을 섞 이는 이유에 대해서는 알지 못한 채 단지 퍼져나가는 현상 자체로만 받아들이고 있었다. 요오드가 사염화탄소 에 섞이는 현상은 구멍이론이나 인력 개념으로 이해하였다. 이러한 용해·확산과 관련된 혼합현상에 대한 다 양한 대안적 개념은 엔트로피 개념의 부족으로 인한 것이다. 따라서 학생들이 이러한 현상을 제대로 이해하도 록 과학 교과서의 서술 방식이 바뀔 필요가 있다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.41-56
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of elementary school students' conception on the movement of the moon, after teaching a lesson about the lunar phase which focused on concrete activities. The 396 subjects in this study consisted of intact groups of second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth grade students. Pre-test and post-test instrument concerning on the conception in the movement of the moon were developed after reviewing the related literature and curriculum. Prevailing conceptions were identified by frequency of each conception. Then, the pattern of change and consistency of each conception were analyzed in comparison pre-test with post-test. To figure out the effect of teaching, the GEFT and the GALT instrument were administered to analyze it by gender, cognition mode and level. SPSS/WIN programs were used to process the data. The result showed that teaching 'movement of the moon' was the most effective in fourth grade. The effect of teaching 'changes in shape of the moon' was effective regardless of their sexes. Teaching 'changes in shapes of the moon' was more effective for the students whose cognitive modes were field-independent, than those filed-dependent. But the improvement by the teaching was not significantly different. The pre-score by cognitive level was significantly high in the order of the formal operational, transitional stage and the concrete operational stage. But the improvement of conception after teaching was high in the order of the concrete operational, transitional stage and the formal operational stage. That is to say, teaching was more effective as the cognitive level lowered.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2008

In this study, a survey was conducted of students in grades 7 through 12, student teachers enrolled in their senior year at teachers' colleges, and science teachers. Subjects were surveyed on their conceptions of phenomenon related with dissolution, saturation, and extraction. The models and analogies used by student teachers and science teachers to explain dissolution were sought. The highest percentage of students thought of dissolution as a phenomenon in which particles broke into the spaces between other particles. The models or analogies used by the highest percentage of science teachers were similar. They generally conceived of dissolution phenomenon through what we call the 'space conception'. A conception of dissolution phenomenon as 'hydration through attraction of solvent and solute' was held by more student teachers than science teachers; there were some differences, however, according to their academic background. The percentage of teachers professing this view decreased when they attempted to explain the process of extraction of matter in a solution after other matter had dissolved or after the solution was cooled, indicating that the 'hydration' conception was not firmly established in the student teachers' cognition. Therefore, it can be inferred that the conceptions of dissolution as 'hydration' were transformed into the conceptions of dissolution as 'space' after teaching dissolution phenomenon as practicing teachers. This finding should be considered in teacher-training courses.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.583-595
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• 2004

본 연구의 목적은 초등학생들의 힘에 대한 개념이 연모 실험을 설계하는 과정에 영향을 끼치고 있는 가를 탐색적으로 분석하는 것이다. 초등학교 6학년 학생 40명을 대상으로 힘에 대한 개념을 4개의 선다형 문항을 실시하여 응답 유형을 구분하였다. 힘 개념을 조사하는 문항과 짝을 이루도록 개발된 연모 실험의 4가지 과제를 동일한 학생들에게 해결하도록 하여 실험 설계 능력 중 가설 설정, 변인 통제 및 실험 방법의 요인으로 구분하여 조사하였다. 연구의 분석 결과 초등학생들을 힘에 대한 개념을 과학적 개념과 대안적 개념 집단으로 구별될 수 있었으며, 그 개념에 따라서 실험 설계 능력 중 가설 설정과 변인 통제 및 실험 방법에서 어떤 유형으로 구별되는 가를 분석하였는데, 과학적인 힘 개념을 가진 학생들이 연모 실험의 가설 설정과 변인 통제 및 실험 방법에서 차이를 보이지 못하였다. 이런 결과는 초등학생들의 힘 개념이 연모 실험을 설계하는데 아무런 영향을 주지 못하며, 결국 과학 개념이 실험을 설계하는데 긍정적인 역할을 하도록 한다는 가정이 유지되기 어렵다는 점을 시사받을 수 있었다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2001

This study was performed to explore the adolescents\` conception and practice of Hyo(filial piety). Fifteen teams of 500 adolescents were allowed to discuss about Hyo for two hours and the team leaders presented what they had discussed. The subjects were 330 elementary school students, 130 middle school students, and 40 high school students. The findings from the discussion and presentation were as follows: First, the adolescents\` conceptions of Hyo were different in the stages of schools. Elementary school students thought that they should do Hyo because they got lots of mercy from parents. Middle and high school students both thought that Hyo came from mutual(parent-children) understanding, but they showed somewhat different view about what disturbed the mutual understanding. Middle school students pointed the deficiency of parents'self-disclosure as a disturbing factor while high school students pointed the deficiency of adolescents'understanding of their parents. Second, the behavioral items that the subjects suggested as Hyo were analysed by the 12 Subvirtues of Adolescent's Hyo which was classified by Chung et al.(1996a). Adolescents could not propose any behavioral items for Thanks, Ancestor Worship, and Ecological Equilibrium, and some items for Advising Parents and Thrift. A lot of items were suggested for Moral Training, Supporting (Parents), Consorting (Parents), Respecting (Parents), Establishing Oneself, and Following Parents.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.23-45
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• 2016

우리가 어떤 한 개념을 형성하면 우리는 그 개념을 이용하여 어떤 사회 현상 또는 자연현상을 분석할 수 있는 힘을 갖게 된다. 그러나 어떤 대상에 대한 한 개념을 형성하는 것은 쉬운 일이 아니다. 한 개인이 어떤 개념이든 그 개념을 이해하는 과정은 실로 험난한 정신적 여정이다. 이런 이유로 개념의 이해에 관한 문제는 교육에서 늘 연구의 대상이 되어왔다. 우리는 개념에 대한 선행연구를 통해 개념이 이중적 본성 즉, 조작적 특성과 구조적 특성을 갖고 있음을 알게 되었다. 또한 한 개념은 조작적 개념에서 구조적 개념으로 발전한다는 것을 이전 연구에서 발견할 수 있다. 그러나 어떤 한 개념의 이중적 본성을 안다는 것은 매우 어려운 일이며 특히 학생들이 한 개념의 구조적 개념을 이해하였는지 알기는 더더욱 쉽지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 질량중심의 개념에 대한 조작적 특성과 구조적 특성을 알아보고, 학생들이 질량중심 개념에 대하여 그 개념을 조작적 접근을 통하여 구조적 개념으로 어느 정도 형성하게 되는지 검사와 면담을 통하여 분석하고자 한다. 또한 이러한 분석을 통하여 한 개념에 대한 구조적 개념을 형성하도록 하기 위해서 무엇을 해야 하는지 그 함의하는 바를 찾고자한다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.340-350
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• 1996

Knowledge is composed through the interaction between the concept structure already held by students and their experience, and learning can be said to be the active process of solving the cognitive conflict caused by this interaction. Therefore, this study consists in showing the effective learning method and finding out the elements which the teacher has to own, through examining several forms of pre-conception or mis-conception of the inertia, the force-equilibrium, the action and reaction, the heat, and the electric current, and then finding out their solution and studying student's change in science concepts. For this study, the types of concept on the five above-mentioned materials which students have were examined through the concept-classifying question paper, and the classes to which the class mode for the change of concepts applied, were practised in each different classroom by each different instructor - a professor, a scientist, a teacher, and two students, respectively. And the effect of the teaching strategy based on these classes, and each different instructor' influence on the change of concept in students. were examined. The result of my study is as follows; 1. Students have various types of pre-conception which are different from science concept, and these types of pre-conception tend to last even after learning in class. 2. The thoughts on the correct science concept of the high school third-grade students who learned the physics in the traditional teaching method, and the second grade students who don't learn the physics yet, were nearly equal those of the second grade students by receiving the physics class through the cognitive conflict course were greatly changed especially that students showed the distinct change on mechanics and electric current. 3. Students didn't show the remarkable change of the science concept on the five materials in the four kinds of experimental classes by each different instructor but in the part of mechanics, there was the distinct change between the class by professor and those by the students. This was due to the difference of the authority and the attitude of the concept demonstrator. 1) The authority, the kind attitude, and the responsibility of the expert played an important role in the correct concept-formation of mechanics part - especially in the case of the mis-conception caused by the intuitive belief. 2) In the class by instructor with the democratic teaching method, the change of concept took place more easily, because in his class students could discuss the subject freely, so that they might experience the thought course to give them the confidence on the science concept.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.698-709
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• 2005

When modeling students' conceptual understanding, there are several different frameworks, among which are the alternative conception framework and the mental model framework, which converge to suggest a form of knowledge representation. However, little research has explained how they are different from each other and from memory. The purpose of this study was to develop a new mental model theory that integrates the different terminologies and their background theories, which refer to students' ideas not only in science education, but also in other research areas. For this purpose, at first, we compared different terminologies including alternative conception, p-prim, and mental models, and the underlying theories used for representing students' ideas in learning science. Through such comparison, we tried to find the relationship among them. We reviewed related literature and synthesized the results from both cognitive science (related research areas) and science education approaches, especially, Vosniadou's mental model theory. Based on reviewing previous studies, we have developed a preliminary mental model theory 'an integrated theoretical structure of mental models'. We applied the new mental model theory to interpret data on students' ideas about circular motion from our previous research. We expect our new mental model theory will help us understand how students form their own ideas in science from an integrated perspective.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.586-594
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• 2002

이 연구에서는 끓는점 학습에서 인지 갈등, 상태 흥미, 개념 변화 사이의 관계를 조사했다. 또한, 이들 관계에서 성에 따른 차이도 조사했다. 중학교 1학년 학생 370명이 본 연구에 참여했다. 먼저, 학습된 오개념을 지닌 학생을 선별하기 위해 선개념 검사를 실시했다. 변칙 사례를 제시한 후, 변칙 사례에 대한 반응 검사와 상태 흥미 검사를 실시했다. CAI 프로그램으로 수업 처치를 한 후, 직후 개념 검사를 실시했다. 4주 후에 동일한 검사지로 개념 파지 검사를 실시했다. 인지 갈등과 상태 흥미 검사 점수는 모두 직후 개념 검사 및 개념 파지 검사 점수와 유의미한 상관이 있었다. 중다 회귀 분석 결과, 상태 흥미가 인지 갈등 보다 개념 변화 및 개념 파지 정도를 예측하는데 있어 더 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 남학생의 경우에는 상태 흥미만이 개념 변화 및 개념 파지에 대해 유의미한 예측 변인으로 나타났으나, 여학생의 경우에는 인지 갈등만이 유의미한 예측 변인으로 나타났다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.123-137
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• 2001

In this study, the contents of elementary school science textbooks related to 'heat and temperature' are analyzed and alternative conceptions ofi"heat and temperature" among students enrolled in grades 4, 5 and 6 are investigated. 259 students were selected from a elementary school located in urban area. The relationships between students' alternative conceptions and the content of elementary science textbooks are also examined. Students' conceptions are analyzed from their answers to a paper-and-pencil test. The typical alternative conception of "heat and temperature" held by students was follows. They think that "heat" is a material and "temperature" is value of heat amount. They can't distinguish between "heat" and "temperature". Their explanation of "heat and temperature" is focused on hot or cool sensation and other observable characteristics of a material. A textbook analysis indicated that contents on "heat and temperature" were organized without the viewpoint of particle motion theory. This may be one of the causes of students' alternative conceptions.