• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.328-336
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• 2024

Visual communication is widely used and enhanced in modern society, where there is an increasing demand for spirituality. Museum robots are one of many service robots that can replace humans to provide services such as display, interpretation and dialogue. For the improvement of museum guide robots, the paper proposes a human-robot interaction system based on visual communication skills. The system is based on a deep neural mesh structure and utilizes theoretical analysis of computer vision to introduce a Tiny+CBAM mesh structure in the gesture recognition component. This combines basic gestures and gesture states to design and evaluate gesture actions. The test results indicated that the improved Tiny+CBAM mesh structure could enhance the mean average precision value by 13.56% while maintaining a loss of less than 3 frames per second during static basic gesture recognition. After testing the system's dynamic gesture performance, it was found to be over 95% accurate for all items except double click. Additionally, it was 100% accurate for the action displayed on the current page.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1286-1286
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• 2001

Despite extensive theoretical and experimental studies the structure of the protein-solvent interface is subject of many controversy. Understanding the processes that occur in aqueous solution requires understanding of the solvent influence on the structure of protein. The aim of this study is to investigate the applicability of NIR methods in the study of hydration phenomena in protein solutions. Temperature-induced changes in NIR spectra of -lactoglobulin (BLG) in aqueous solutions have been investigated by means of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) and principal component analysis (PCA). With the temperature increase the balance of forces between the BLG's interaction with itself and the BLGs interaction with its environment is disrupted leading to BLG unfolding. Significant differences of 2D signals and distinct discrepancies of loading on PC1 and PC2 were observed as a result of temperature increase. In the native folded conformation of BLC, most of the nonpolar amino acids are hidden in the centre of the structure, out of contact with water molecules, while charged groups are outside, in the contact with water. The polar groups promote low density Ih-type structure in the water outside this first hydration shell. When BLG unfolds it assumes a more extended configuration on which the previously buried nonpolar groups are exposed to water and promote the higher density II-type structure outside its first shell. Detailed assignments of bands attributed to the bulk water, different states of the hydrated water and the changed conformation of BLG are proposed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.587-608
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• 2009

Modern earthquake-resistant design aims to isolate architectural precast concrete panels from the structural system so as to reduce the interaction with the supporting structure and hence minimize damage. The present study seeks to maximize the cladding-structure interaction by developing an energy-dissipating cladding system (EDCS) that is capable of functioning both as a structural brace, as well as a source of energy dissipation. The EDCS is designed to provide added stiffness and damping to buildings with steel moment resisting frames with the goal of favorably modifying the building response to earthquake-induced forces without demanding any inelastic action and ductility from the basic lateral force resisting system. Because many modern building facades typically have continuous and large openings on top of the precast cladding panels at each floor level for window system, the present study focuses on spandrel type precast concrete cladding panel. The preliminary design of the EDCS was based on existing guidelines and research data on architectural precast concrete cladding and supplemental energy dissipation devices. For the component-level study, the preliminary design was validated and further refined based on the results of nonlinear finite element analyses. The stiffness and strength characteristics of the EDCS were established from a series of nonlinear finite element analyses and are discussed in detail in this paper.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2007

The hybrid Cartesian/immersed boundary method is applied to simulate fluid-structure interaction of a two-dimensional orbiting flexible foil. The elastic deformation of the flexible foil is modelled based on the dynamic equation of a thin-plate. At each time step, the locations and velocities of the Lagrangian control points on the flexible foil are used to reconstruct the boundary conditions for the flow solver based on the hybrid staggered/non-staggered grid. To test the developed code, the flow fields around a flapping elliptical wing are calculated. The time history of the vertical force component and the evolution of the vorticity fields are compared with recent other computations and good agreement is achieved. For the orbiting flexible foil, the vorticity fields are compared with those of the case without the deformation. The combined effects of the angle of attack and the orbit on the deformation are investigated. The grid independency study is carried out for the computed time history of the deformation at the tip.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2015

Because of the energy resources shortage and global pollution, the wind power systems have been developed consistently. Among the components of the wind power system, the rotor blades are the most important component. Generally it is made of GFRP material. Recently, GFRP material has been replaced by CFRP composite material in the blade which has an aerodynamic profile and twisted tip. However the failures has occurred in the trailing edge of the blade by the severe wind loading. Thus, tougher material than CFRP material is needed as like the aramid fiber. In this study, we investigated the mechanical behaviors of the blade using aramid fiber composites about wind speed variation. One-way FSI (fluid-structure interaction)analysis for the wind rotor blade was conducted. The structural analyses using the surface pressure loading resulted from wind flow field analysis were carried out. The results and analysis procedure in this paper can be utilized for the best strength design of the blade with aramid fiber composites.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.95-110
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• 2014

The study deals with physical modeling of space frame-pile foundation and soil system using finite element models. The superstructure frame is analyzed using complete three-dimensional finite element method where the component of the frame such as slab, beam and columns are descretized using 20 node isoparametric continuum elements. Initially, the frame is analyzed assuming the fixed column bases. Later the pile foundation is worked out separately wherein the simplified models of finite elements such as beam and plate element are used for pile and pile cap, respectively. The non-linear behaviour of soil mass is incorporated by idealizing the soil as non-linear springs using p-y curve along the lines similar to that by Georgiadis et al. (1992). For analysis of pile foundation, the non-linearity of soil via p-y curve approach is incorporated using the incremental approach. The interaction analysis is conducted for the parametric study. The non-linearity of soil is further incorporated using iterative approach, i.e., secant modulus approach, in the interaction analysis. The effect the various parameters of the pile foundation such as spacing in a group and configuration of the pile group is evaluated on the response of superstructure owing to non-linearity of the soil. The response included the displacement at the top of the frame and bending moment in columns. The non-linearity of soil increases the top displacement in the range of 7.8%-16.7%. However, its effect is found very marginal on the absolute maximum moment in columns. The hogging moment decreases by 0.005% while sagging moment increases by 0.02%.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1022-1030
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• 1995

Saponins are glycosidic compounds present in many plant foods. They are characterized by their ability to lyse cell membranes due to their surface-active properties. Saponins are believed to interact primarily with cholesterol in the cell membrane. In this study, the interaction of soybean(SS) with cell membrane was investigated using erythrocytes as a model. Mechanisms of interaction was also investigated by measuring their binding capacity with different membrane lipid fractions. Throughout the study, gypsophilla saponin(GS) and quillaja saponin(QS) were used to evaluate the membranolytic activity of soybean saponins. All saponins released hemoglobin in a concentration-dependent manner. SS induced 40% hemolysis at the concentration of 400 ppm, however there was no increase in hemoglobin release above 400ppm concentration. 5ppm of GS and 8 ppm of QS hemolyzed 100% of erythrocytes. Isolation of SS fractions by thin layer chromatography revealed that only one non-polar saponin possesses strong hemolytic activity. When saponins were incubated decreased the release of cholesterol. When the hemolytic activity of saponins was measured in the presence of other major membrane lipid components, sphingomyelin significantly reduced the hemolytic activity of SS, while cholesterol reduced the activity of QS. GS showed high affinity to other component(s) in the incubation media as well as lipids. These results suggest that the membranolytic activity of saponins are related to their specific chemical structure, which determines the interaction behavior between saponins and different membrane components, and thereby influence the biological activity.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1476-1482
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• 2001

Turbulent boundary layer over a flat plate was disturbed by installing an elliptic cylinder with an axis ratio of AR=2. For comparison, the same experiment was carried out for a circular cylinder having the same vertical height. The surface pressure and the heat transfer coefficient on the flat plate were measured with varying the gap distance between the elliptic cylinder and the flat plate. The mean velocity and the turbulent intensity profile of the streamwise velocity component were measured using a hot-wire anemometry. As a result, the flow structure and the local heat transfer rate were modified by the interaction between the cylinder wake and the turbulent boundary layer as a function of the critical gap ratio where the regular vortices start to shed. For the elliptic cylinder, the critical gap ratio is increased and the surface pressure on the flat plate is recovered rapidly at downstream location, compared with the equivalent circular cylinder. The maximum heat transfer rate occurs at the gap ratio of G/B = 0.5, where the flow interaction between the lower shear layer of the cylinder wake and the turbulent boundary layer is strong.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2003

Velocity field behind a container ship model with a rotating propeller has been investigated using PIV (particle image velocimetry) system. Four hundred instantaneous velocity fields were measured at 4 different blade phases and ensemble-averaged to investigate the spatial evolution of vortical structure of near wake within one propeller diameter downstream. The phase-averaged mean velocity fields show the potential wake and the viscous wake formed due to the boundary layers developed on the blade surfaces. The interaction between bilge vortex developed along the hull surface and the tangential velocity component of incoming flow causes to have asymmetric flow structure in the transverse plane.

• BMB Reports
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.189-193
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• 2009

During development lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells are the first hematopoietic cells to enter the secondary lymphoid anlagen and induce lymphoid tissue neogenesis. LTi cells induce lymphoid tissue neogensis by expressing a wide range of proteins that are associated with lymphoid organogenesis. Among these proteins, membrane-bound lymphotoxin (LT) $\alpha1\beta2$ has been identified as a critical component to this process. LT$\alpha1\beta2$ interacts with the LT$\beta$-receptor on stromal cells and this interaction induces up-regulation of adhesion molecules and production of chemokines that are necessary for the attraction, retention and organization of other cell types. Constitutive expression of LT$\alpha1\beta2$ in adult LTi cells can result in the formation of a lymphoid-like structure called tertiary lymphoid tissue. In this review, we summarize the function of fetal and adult LTi cells and their involvement in secondary and tertiary lymphoid tissue development in murine models.