• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.999-1006
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• 1997

We proved that if a fibred Riemannian space $\tilde{M}$ with cosymplectic structure is conformally flat, then $\tilde{M}$ is the locally product manifold of locally Euclidean spaces, that is locally Euclidean. Moreover, we investigated the fibred Riemannian space with cosymplectic structure when the Riemannian metric $\tilde{g}$ on $\tilde{M}$ is Einstein.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.401-409
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• 1994

One of typical submanifolds of a Sasakian manifold is the so-called generic submanifolds which are defined as follows: Let M be a submanifold of a Sasakian manifold M with almost contact metric structure (ø, G, ξ) such that M is tangent to the structure vector ξ. If each normal space is mapped into the tangent space under the action of ø, M is called a generic submanifold of M [2], [8].(omitted)

• 천문학회보
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.66.1-66.1
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• 2008

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2015

A variety of attempts for trends to overcome the limits of the uniform styles and a fixed dichotomous structure and thoughts, have been made. This research aims to apply and analyze the application of concepts of the liminal space of contemporary architecture based on the destructive inclination of post-structuralism and the theories of philosophers. Space of the past was recognized for a long time focused on functions and styles that support the building. In modern and contemporary spaces, however, the boundary of contemporary space has been blurred with the mingling of cultural phenomenon. In other words, new architectural approaches of expression have been attempted such as structure, styles and materials, in combination of diversified concepts. And, the concept of liminal space is useful to identify the multi-layered and fluid characteristics. This study examines various characteristics of expression on the liminal space characteristics of comtemporary architecture tbased on Herzog and de Meuron's architecture. The result will help us understand the expression and characteristics of the liminal space that belongs nowhere among their architectural spaces. The analysis of the ases of Herzog and de Meuron will play a crucial role in developing new possibilities of modern space and contemporary space of the future.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2013

The change in radically changing era requires various interpretation of interior space and application according to it Minimalism shows simple and pure geometric structure and has been influencing to every aspect encompassing space till present. The features of minimalism in space is geometric structure and composition of simple and repetitive line, restrained simple space, pure and structural simplicity. When minimalism construction is discussed, the vocabulary of simplicity has been followed incidentally and has been discussed as concept of simplicity in new viewpoint through historical flow. The purpose of this study is analyzing basic features of John Pawson's ways of working and trying to define the semantics of the new simplicity concept in modern interior space. The new simplicity in John Pawson shows interactive relationship of eastern and western through basic consideration of fundamental elements such as space, light and materials. The relational simple in intermediation of the new simplicity expressed by amalgamation of eastern and western further from disparate interpretation for simplicity expressed in eastern and western is to review back the basic meaning of simplicity in minimalism. And I hope this study can offer various directions for new interior space accepting theory of the new simplicity and I think that new constructional alternative is required as physical space which can be matched with era of social, environmental chaos caused by this theory of the new simplicity.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2011

Interior design has diverse functions and roles according to recent changes in life and cultural style. As the meaning of space varies, the furniture as another element of the space should also be planned and included in the beginning of the project to accomplish its functional role on the finished space and not only be placed. The relationship between Interior space and furniture should be studied and understood at the same realm because they have a complementary relationship. The final destination of design, which is very challenging to accommodate people, the designer needs to approach to the interior space and furniture in a cognitive view. The study of Semiotics views in a knowledgeable and epistemological way every element as a sign and by the relationship of their characters it makes to understand the structure of the signs. Charles Sanders Peirce, a leader of Semiotics in USA, classified the structure of Sign into Representamen, Object and Interpretant to complete the theory which could systematically describe physical characteristic and function of the Sign and its significance in practical use. Peirce stated that all nine types of Sign would be generated if each structure of Sign in combined with three categories of Sign such as Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness. In this study, based on Peirce's nine types of Sign, the interrelationship between space and furniture in interior design was investigated with examples in Living Space, Office Space, and Commercial Space, respectively. In the category of Representamen, which can be classified into Qualisign, Sinsign, and Legisign, it is a feature of Living Space to be expressed in harmonized and stabilized ways. In Office Space vertical/horizontal elements and open expression are differently showed depending on fields. And splendid and interesting expressions are showed in Commercial Space. In the category of Object, which can be classified into Icon, Index, and Symbol, each function of Sign has distinctly been showed as Symbol in Living Space, Index in Office Space, and Icon in Commercial Space, respectively. In the category of Interpretant, which can be classified into Rheme, Dicisign, and Argument, it was found that space image of Living Space is transferred to human being, Office Space regulates human bing, and Commercial Space binds human being with the space. In conclusion the function of the interior space and the furniture could be explained in another way with re-interpretation of interrelationship among interior space elements in the concept of Semiotics. It is expected that interpretation with Semiotics in interior design will grow to new theory of design.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2004년도 학술.기술논문발표회
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• pp.21-25
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• 2004

The column for Steel Framed Reinforced Concrete Structure (SFRCS) and the column for Reinforced Concrete Structure (RCS) could be the most common building structure. The increasing of the need for massive space hasaffected the size of building components for supporting the massive structure. However, the changing of components size makes inefficient space of building. Hence, to meet the need for acquiring efficient space comparing the budget and cost the new structure method, Concrete Filled Tube Steel (CFT), was developed. CFT is the structure for which steel tube instead of other materials such as wood for holding concrete is used. The most benefit of this one is to help in reducing the size of the building components and local buckling because of tube steel holding concrete. For this reason, this research will examine the probability of applying CFT on construction sites by using the concrete (800kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$) especially for CFT through the data from the real size mock-up.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2013

In this paper, I introduce the notion of regular convergence space and give some properties of this space. And I give some conditions for the regularity of continuous convergence structure.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the interior characteristics of the Yale center for British art by Louis I. Kahn. As his last realized project, the Yale center for British art shows Kahn's latter architectural thoughts about exterior/interior, space/structure and theory/practice. Kahn arranged unit space(room) around two interior courts and laminated them vertically. This spatial configuration is the result of solving the urban context which needed the continuity of street and complicated program including art museum, retail shop, studio and library. Although Kahn adpted severe formal configuration, he added changes to spatial relation. The visualization of architectural system is realized by revealing the relation of the unit space and structure. And this emphasized the presence of the center. The emphasis of tectonic expression is also the characteristics of interior in that structure is the logical part of whole building system rather than concealing object for the exterior of buildings. In the Yale center for British art, interior characteristics are summarized as spatial configuration based on the relation between unit space and two courts, the visualization of structural order, and the relationship between structure and light.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2006년도 한국우주과학회보 제15권1호
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• pp.28-28
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• 2006