• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.251-266
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• 2022

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of critical infrastructure comprises a major pillar of maintenance management, shielding public safety and economic sustainability. Although SHM is usually associated with data-driven metrics and thresholds, expert judgement is essential, especially in cases where erroneous predictions can bear casualties or substantial economic loss. Considering that visual inspections are time consuming and potentially subjective, artificial-intelligence tools may be leveraged in order to minimize the inspection effort and provide objective outcomes. In this context, timely detection of sensor malfunctioning is crucial in preventing inaccurate assessment and false alarms. The present work introduces a sensor-fault detection and interpretation framework, based on the well-established support-vector machine scheme for anomaly detection, combined with a coalitional game-theory approach. The proposed framework is implemented in two datasets, provided along the 1st International Project Competition for Structural Health Monitoring (IPC-SHM 2020), comprising acceleration and cable-load measurements from two real cable-stayed bridges. The results demonstrate good predictive performance and highlight the potential for seamless adaption of the algorithm to intrinsically different data domains. For the first time, the term "decision trajectories", originating from the field of cognitive sciences, is introduced and applied in the context of SHM. This provides an intuitive and comprehensive illustration of the impact of individual features, along with an elaboration on feature dependencies that drive individual model predictions. Overall, the proposed framework provides an easy-to-train, application-agnostic and interpretable anomaly detector, which can be integrated into the preprocessing part of various SHM and condition-monitoring applications, offering a first screening of the sensor health prior to further analysis.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.81-93
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• 2024

최근 국내는 다양한 대규모 사회기반 시설물 공사 및 택지 개발 등이 시행되고 있으나, 이에 반해 제한적인 국토 여건으로 철도 또는 도로 흙쌓기 비탈면 다짐 시공 또는 보강토 옹벽 뒤채움재 시공 시 기준에 부합하는 양질의 토사 수급이 어려운 실정이다. 특히, 다수의 보강토 옹벽은 부적절한 뒤채움재 다짐 시공으로 인한 지지력과 배수 성능 저하로 인한 구조물 피해사례 등이 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 뒤채움재로 순환토사를 활용하는 보강토 옹벽에 대하여 3D 프린팅 기술 기반 실내 모형실험 및 2차원 수치해석을 수행하여 구조적 성능 및 안전성을 분석하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 순환토사 배합비 및 보강재 설치 방법에 따른 뒤채움재 성능을 확인하였으며, 3D 프린팅 기술을 통해 실제 보강토 옹벽 시공과 유사하게 보강재 체결이 쉬운 형태의 실험상 벽체를 제작하여 3D 프린터의 활용성을 확인하였다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.141-152
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• 2007

극한하중을 견딜 수 있도록 설계된 구조물이라도 내재된 확률변수의 불확실성 때문에 구조물의 응답특성을 평가하는데 있어서 기존의 결정론적 방법에 비해 확률유한요소법을 이용하는 것이 보다 합리적일 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 실제 시공된 사장교를 대상으로 확률변수가 교량의 안전성에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가하기 위해 민감도 분석을 수행하였다. 초기형상해석을 수행한 후, 확률유한요소해석 및 민감도 분석과정의 효율성을 위해 섭동법을 이용하여 해석프로그램을 개발하였다. 개발된 해석프로그램의 정확성은 몬테카르로 시뮬레이션 방법에 의한 해석프로그램을 개발하여 검증하였다. 각각의 확률변수의 변동계수에 따른 대상 사장교의 응답에 대한 민감도 분석을 수행한 결과, 외부하중에 의한 영향이 지배적인 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 부재강성 및 케이블의 긴장력 등도 부재에 따라 큰 영향을 나타내므로, 구조물 설계 시 개발된 프로그램이 안전성 확보에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2010

노후 공동주택의 리모델링 공사 수행 현황을 살펴보면, 공동주택의 신축공사와는 달리 철거공사라는 새로운 공종이 추가 된다. 이러한 철거공사는 리모델링 공사를 구성하는 다양한 공종 중에서 공사 기간을 좌우하는 주요 공종에 해당하나, 실제 공사수행 방법은 기존의 일반 건축공사 철거형태와 거의 동일하게 이루어지고 있다. 즉, 폐자재의 재활용 등을 통한 자원의 낭비 및 환경파괴 등을 최소화 할 수 있는 리모델링 공사의 특성을 고려하지 않고, 단순 생산성만을 강조한 기존철거공사의 수행 방법을 그대로 사용하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 리모델링 공사의 특성을 반영한 철거공사의 프로세스 정립이 필요하며, 더불어 정립된 프로세스를 구성하는 단위 작업의 시공성을 평가하여 향후개선을 위한 방안이 마련되어야 한다. 본 연구는 선행연구에서 정립한 리모델링 공사의 철거 프로세스 및 단위작업(이하 '신규방식'이라함)과 기존 일반 건축공사의 철거공사 수행 방식(이하 '기존방식'이라함)의 비교를 통한 신규방식의 시공성 측면의 개선효과를 평가하고자 한다. 이를 위해 전문가 면담을 통한 철거공사의 시공성을 측정할 수 있는 주요요인을 도출한 후, 이를 근간으로 공가(空家)상태인 시영아파트의 두개 동에 신규방식과 기존방식의 비교실험을 통한 시공성의 개선 효과를 분석하였다.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.363-377
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• 2018

The proper functioning of critical points on transport infrastructure is decisive for the entire network. Tunnels and bridges certainly belong to the critical points of the surface transport network, both road and rail. Risk management should be a holistic and dynamic process throughout the entire life cycle. However, the level of risk is usually determined only during the design stage mainly due to the fact that it is a time-consuming and costly process. This paper presents a simplified quantitative risk analysis method that can be used any time during the decades of a tunnel's lifetime and can estimate the changing risks on a continuous basis and thus uncover hidden safety threats. The presented method is a decision support system for tunnel managers designed to preserve or even increase tunnel safety. The CAPITA method is a deterministic scenario-oriented risk analysis approach for assessment of mortality risks in road tunnels in case of the most dangerous situation - a fire. It is implemented through an advanced risk analysis CAPITA SW. Both, the method as well as the resulting software were developed by the authors' team. Unlike existing analyzes requiring specialized microsimulation tools for traffic flow, smoke propagation and evacuation modeling, the CAPITA contains comprehensive database with the results of thousands of simulations performed in advance for various combinations of variables. This approach significantly simplifies the overall complexity and thus enhances the usability of the resulting risk analysis. Additionally, it provides the decision makers with holistic view by providing not only on the expected risk but also on the risk's sensitivity to different variables. This allows the tunnel manager or another decision maker to estimate the primary change of risk whenever traffic conditions in the tunnel change and to see the dependencies to particular input variables.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.604-610
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• 2006

Common structural rules of JBP(Joint Bulker Project) and JTP(Joint Tanker Project), which will come into effect in 2006, invoke the necessity of the ultimate limit state(ULS) design for ship structures. Even though the many applications of ULS analysis have been performed for ship structures, there have few studies carried out for deck machineries and their supporting structures. Recently four major Korean shipbuilders(DSME, HHI, HHIC, SHI) jointly developed and proposed a new design standards for mooring fittings and also proposed the SWL (Safety Working Load) obtained based on the first yield criterion. In this study, various ultimate strength analyses were performed for bollards and their foundation structures whose yield strengths were quantified by the research consortium. Prior to performing the ultimate strength analyses, the numerical calculation method was substantiated with the test results provided in the joint work report. Based upon the results of this study, it can be concluded that the reinforcements to increase the yield strength are not always resulted in the enhancement of the ultimate strength. Furthermore, the additional production costs for the reinforcements can not be rewarded by the ultimate strength. Therefore, another alternative arrangements should be developed in the view point of ultimate strength.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2016

As an economic, high quality, and highly reliable gear with low noise and low vibration is demanded, an overall finite element analysis regarding a gear is required. Also, an infrared thermography test, which is a quantitative testing technique, is demanded for safety and longer lifespan of gear products. In order to manufacture a gear product or to determine safety of a gear being used, it is necessary to precisely determine ingredients of a material constituting a gear and detect any internal defect. This study aims to realize a design that minimizes the spur gear displacement with respect to power during its rotation and ensures the spur gear control capacity by using a 3D model and the midasNFX program. This facilitates the assessment of the possibility of cracking by evaluating the stress intensity and focusing on the integrity of the spur gear. We prepare the specimen of the spur gear based on the possibility of cranking as per the result of the structural interpretation from an infrared ray thermal measuring technique. After cooling the spur gear, we perform experiments using thermography and halogen lamps and analyze the temperature data according to the results of the experiment. In the experiment which we use thermography after cooling, we find a rise in the temperature of the room. As a result, the defective part show temperatures lower than their surroundings while the normal parts have temperatures higher than the defective parts. Therefore, it possible to precisely identify defective part owing to its low temperature.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.6-15
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• 2019

Since introducing the offset frontal impact test in EuroNCAP in 1997, the vehicle has been constantly changing according to its usage and purpose. As of 2019, many vehicles have been released to the public, which has led to a large structural mass difference between small, medium and large vehicles. Also, the geometry of the front of the vehicle is completely different for each vehicle and tends not to be perfectly aligned at frontal collisions. The difference in mass of each of these vehicles and less performing structures for offset crashes have led to dramatically worse outcome in a car to car offset frontal impact tests. Even though a decade later passenger cars have become much safer due to consumer test programs and regulatory requirements, the aggressiveness and compatibility that can cause damage to the opponent car in the event of car to car collision is not considered in the above-mentioned section, and therefore much improvement is needed. After many years of study to solve this problem, EuroNCAP has developed a new mode MPDB offset front test that considers the aggressiveness and compatibility that can affect the opponent cars that have collided. This paper introduces the development process of aggressiveness and compatibility evaluation method of MPDB in EuroNCAP which will be implemented from 2020. Several impact tests have been conducted at different test conditions to rate the vehicle structure performance only focused on aggressiveness and compatibility of MPDB.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.155-159
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• 2005

지금까지 국내에서 제작된 요트는 선체의 재질이 FRP로 제작되어 왔으나 FRP는 환경오염 및 해양안전에 관한 법규 규제가 강화되고 있는 현 시점에서는 장래성이 불투명하고 변형 및 파손위험이 높을 뿐만 아니라 선체 제작시 외국의 고가(高價) 목형을 수입해야하는 단점을 안고 있다. 그러나 요트의 선체를 STEEL로 제작함으로써 이러한 문제들을 해결할 수 있다. 강선요트의 구조상 강선재료를 주로 사용함으로서 여러 가지 강도적인 측면에 대한 검토가 필요하며, 소형선박이므로 종강도, 횡강도 부분은 Rule의 허용 응력치에 안전율(Safe Factor)만을 주어서 설계를 하여도 충분히 안정된 구조를 이룰 수가 있다. 그러나, 소형선박에서 가장 문제시 되는 것은 국부강도(Local Strength)의 평가이다. 본 구조해석에서는 선수미에 슬래밍 동적하중과 선수충격에 의한 선수부의 손상 여부와 선수부의 국부강도를 만족 여부를 확인하고, Engine Bed 부분에서의 중량하중과 횡파하중에 대한 검토를 수행하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.769-780
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• 2017

Cable force monitoring is an essential and critical part of the safety evaluation of cable-supported bridges. A reasonable cable force monitoring scheme, particularly, sensor placement related to accurate safety assessment and budget cost-saving becomes a major concern of bridge administrative authorities. This paper presents optimal sensor placement for cable force monitoring by selecting representative sensor positions, which consider the spatial correlativeness existing in the cable group. The limited sensors would be utilized for maximizing useful information from the monitored bridges. The maximum information coefficient (MIC), mutual information (MI) based kernel density estimation, as well as Pearson coefficients, were all employed to detect potential spatial correlation in the cable group. Compared with the Pearson coefficient and MIC, the mutual information is more suitable for identifying the association existing in cable group and thus, is selected to describe the spatial relevance in this study. Then, the bond energy algorithm, which collects clusters based on the relationship of surrounding elements, is used for the optimal placement of cable sensors. Several optimal placement strategies are discussed with different correlation thresholds for the cable group of Nanjing No.3 Yangtze River Bridge, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method.