• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.287-301
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• 2022

The machine-vision based structural displacement measurement methods are widely used due to its flexible deployment and non-contact measurement characteristics. The accuracy of vision measurement is directly related to the image resolution. In the field of computer vision, super-resolution reconstruction is an emerging method to improve image resolution. Particularly, the deep-learning based image super-resolution methods have shown great potential for improving image resolution and thus the machine-vision based measurement. In this article, we firstly review the latest progress of several deep learning based super-resolution models, together with the public benchmark datasets and the performance evaluation index. Secondly, we construct a binocular visual measurement platform to measure the distances of the adjacent corners on a chessboard that is universally used as a target when measuring the structure displacement via machine-vision based approaches. And then, several typical deep learning based super resolution algorithms are employed to improve the visual measurement performance. Experimental results show that super-resolution reconstruction technology can improve the accuracy of distance measurement of adjacent corners. According to the experimental results, one can find that the measurement accuracy improvement of the super resolution algorithms is not consistent with the existing quantitative performance evaluation index. Lastly, the current challenges and future trends of super resolution algorithms for visual measurement applications are pointed out.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.189-203
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• 2016

This paper investigates on the use of advanced optical measurement methods, i.e. 3D coordinate measurement machines (3D CMM) and stereo-vision digital image correlation (3D DIC), for the mechanical analysis of shear deficient prestressed concrete members. Firstly, the experimental program is elaborated. Secondly, the working principle, experimental setup and corresponding accuracy and precision of the considered optical measurement techniques are reported. A novel way to apply synthesised strain sensor patterns for DIC is introduced. Thirdly, the experimental results are reported and an analysis is made of the structural behaviour based on the gathered experimental data. Both techniques yielded useful and complete data in comparison to traditional mechanical measurement techniques and allowed for the assessment of the mechanical behaviour of the reported test specimens. The identified structural behaviour presented in this paper can be used to optimize design procedure for shear-critical structural concrete members.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.489-500
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• 2009

The aim of this paper is to compare wavelet, kurtosis and pseudofractal based techniques for structural health monitoring in the presence of measurement noise. A detailed comparison and assessment of these techniques have been carried out in this paper through numerical experiments for the calibration of damage extent of a simply supported beam with an open crack serving as an illustrative example. The numerical experiments are deemed critical due to limited amount of experimental data available in the field of singularity based detection of damage. A continuous detectibility map has been proposed for comparing various techniques qualitatively. Efficiency surfaces have been constructed for wavelet, kurtosis and pseudofractal based calibration of damage extent as a function of damage location and measurement noise level. Levels of noise have been identified for each technique where a sudden drop of calibration efficiency is observed marking the onset of damage masking regime by measurement noise.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.82-85
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• 2016

In this study, structural design of exhaust gas sensor of automobile was performed. In order to evaluate the structural design of the measurement sensor, the structural analysis was performed by the finite element method. The vibration and thermal stress analysis was carried out at the high temperature condition. Finally, the structural test of sensor system was performed, and used for comparison with the analyzed model. Through the structural analysis and test, it is confirmed that the designed measurement sensor structure is acceptable.

• 한국가스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가스학회 1999년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.100-107
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• 1999

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.445-466
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• 2008

This paper presents a novel structural damage detection method with a new damage index based on the statistical moments of dynamic responses of a structure under a random excitation. After a brief introduction to statistical moment theory, the principle of the new method is put forward in terms of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system. The sensitivity of statistical moment to structural damage is discussed for various types of structural responses and different orders of statistical moment. The formulae for statistical moment-based damage detection are derived. The effect of measurement noise on damage detection is ascertained. The new damage index and the proposed statistical moment-based damage detection method are then extended to multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems with resort to the leastsquares method. As numerical studies, the proposed method is applied to both single and multi-story shear buildings. Numerical results show that the fourth-order statistical moment of story drifts is a more sensitive indicator to structural stiffness reduction than the natural frequencies, the second order moment of story drift, and the fourth-order moments of velocity and acceleration responses of the shear building. The fourth-order statistical moment of story drifts can be used to accurately identify both location and severity of structural stiffness reduction of the shear building. Furthermore, a significant advantage of the proposed damage detection method lies in that it is insensitive to measurement noise.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.771-794
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• 2015

This paper proposes an innovative method for selection of measurement sets in static parameter identification of concrete or steel bridges. This method is proved as a systematic tool to address the first steps of Structural System Identification procedures by observability techniques: the selection of adequate measurement sets. The observability trees show graphically how the unknown estimates are successively calculated throughout the recursive process of the observability analysis. The observability trees can be proved as an intuitive and powerful tool for measurement selection in beam bridges that can also be applied in complex structures, such as cable-stayed bridges. Nevertheless, in these structures, the strong link among structural parameters advises to assume a set of simplifications to increase the tree intuitiveness. In addition, a set of guidelines are provided to facilitate the representation of the observability trees in this kind of structures. These guidelines are applied in bridges of growing complexity to explain how the characteristics of the geometry of the structure (e.g. deck inclination, type of pylon-deck connection, or the existence of stay cables) affect the observability trees. The importance of the observability trees is justified by a statistical analysis of measurement sets randomly selected. This study shows that, in the analyzed structure, the probability of selecting an adequate measurement set with a minimum number of measurements at random is practically negligible. Furthermore, even bigger measurement sets might not provide adequate SSI of the unknown parameters. Finally, to show the potential of the observability trees, a large-scale concrete cable-stayed bridge is also analyzed. The comparison with the number of measurements required in the literature shows again the advantages of using the proposed method.

• 한국가스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가스학회 1999년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.54-60
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• 1999

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제12권3_4호
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• pp.363-379
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• 2013

Dynamic displacement of structures is an important index for in-service structural condition and behavior assessment, but accurate measurement of structural displacement for large-scale civil structures such as long-span bridges still remains as a challenging task. In this paper, a vision-based dynamic displacement measurement system with the use of digital image processing technology is developed, which is featured by its distinctive characteristics in non-contact, long-distance, and high-precision structural displacement measurement. The hardware of this system is mainly composed of a high-resolution industrial CCD (charge-coupled-device) digital camera and an extended-range zoom lens. Through continuously tracing and identifying a target on the structure, the structural displacement is derived through cross-correlation analysis between the predefined pattern and the captured digital images with the aid of a pattern matching algorithm. To validate the developed system, MTS tests of sinusoidal motions under different vibration frequencies and amplitudes and shaking table tests with different excitations (the El-Centro earthquake wave and a sinusoidal motion) are carried out. Additionally, in-situ verification experiments are performed to measure the mid-span vertical displacement of the suspension Tsing Ma Bridge in the operational condition and the cable-stayed Stonecutters Bridge during loading tests. The obtained results show that the developed system exhibits an excellent capability in real-time measurement of structural displacement and can serve as a good complement to the traditional sensors.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 압전 특성과 표면전위계를 이용한 응력측정 방법을 제안하였다. 다시 말하면 이 응력측정방법은 압전소자에서 발생한 전위를 표면전위계로 측정하게 하는 방법으로서, 이 표면전위는 구조물 부재의 변형률에 비례한다는 특성을 이용하여, 구조물 부재의 각 위치에서의 발생하는 응력을 변형률로부터 계산할 수 있게 된다. 또한, 구조물 부재의 응력분포를 보다 간편하게 구하기 위해서 비접촉 측정법을 이용한 응력분포 측정 Tape를 제작하였다. 특히, 이 Tape는 균열이나 홈과 같이 이상응력 발생 가능한 위치에서의 ${\sigma}_x$, ${\sigma}_y$, ${\tau}_{xy}$의 응력을 측정 뿐만 아니라 국부 응력해석에 활용되었고 그 적용성을 검토하기 위해서 홈이 있는 실험편에 대해서 반복하중 시험결과와 FEM 해석의 결과와 비교 분석하였다.