• 시큐리티연구
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• 제1호
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• pp.371-408
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• 1997

This article is the reserch on actual condition of crime of arson which occurs in Korea and its countermeasures. The the presented problem in this article are that (1) we have generally very low rate concern about the crime of arson contrary to realistic problems of rapid increase of crime of arson (2) as such criminal motives became so diverse as to the economic or criminal purpose unlike characteristic and mental deficiency of old days, and to countermeasure these problems effectively it presentation the necessity of systemantic research. Based on analysis of reality of arson, the tendency of this arson in Korea in the ratio of increase is said to be higher than those in violence crime or general fire rate. and further its rate is far more greater than those of the U.S.A. and Japan. Arson is considered to be a method of using fire as crime and in case of presently residence to be the abject, it is a public offense crime which aqccompany fatality in human life. This is the well It now fact to all of us. And further in order to presentation to the crime of arson, strictness of criminal law (criminal law No, 164 and 169, and fire protection law No. 110 and 111) and classification of arsonist as felony are institutionary reinforced to punish with certainty of possibility, Therefore, as tendency of arson has been increased compared to other nations, it is necessary to supplement strategical policy to bring out overall concerns of the seriousness of risk and damage of arson, which have been resulted from the lack of understanding. In characteristics analysis of crime of arson, (1) It is now reveald that, in the past such crime rate appeared far more within the boundary of town or city areas in the past, presently increased rate of arsons in rural areas are far more than in the town or small city areas, thereby showing characteristics of crime of arson extending nation wide. (2) general timetable of arson shows that night more than day time rate, and reveald that is trait behavior in secrecy.(3) arsonists are usually arrested at site or by victim or report of third person(82,9%).Investigation activities or self surrenders rate only 11.2%. The time span of arrest is normally the same day of arson and at times it takes more than one year to arrest. This reveals its necessity to prepare for long period of time for arrest, (4) age rate of arson is in their thirties mostly as compared to homicide, robbery and adultery, and considerable numbers of arsons are in old age of over fifties. It reveals age rate is increased (5) Over half of the arsonists are below the junior high school (6) the rate of convicts by thier records is based on first offenders primarily and secondly more than 4 time convicts. This apparently shows necessity of effective correctional education policy for their social assimilation together with re-investigation of human education at the primary and secondary education system in thier life. The examples of motivation for arosnits, such as personal animosity, fury, monetary swindle, luscious purpose and other aims of destroying of proof, and other social resistance, violence including ways of threatening, beside the motives of individual defects, are diverse and arsonic suicide and specifically suicidal accompany together keenly manifested. When we take this fact with the criminal theory, it really reveals arsons of crime are increasing and its casualities are serious and a point as a way of suicide is the anomie theory of Durkheim and comensurate with the theory of that of Merton, Specifically in the arson of industrial complex, it is revealed that one with revolutionary motive or revolting motive would do the arsonic act. For the policy of prevention of arsons, professional research work in organizational cooperation for preventive activities is conducted in municipal or city wise functions in the name of Parson Taskforces and beside a variety of research institutes in federal government have been operating effectively to countermeasure in many fields of research. Franch and Sweden beside the U.S. set up a overall operation of fire prevention research funtions and have obtained very successful result. Japan also put their research likewise for countermeasure. In this research as a way of preventive fire policy, first, it is necessary to accomodate the legal preventitive activities for fire prevention in judicial side and as an administrative side, (1) precise statistic management of crime of arson (2) establishment of professional research functions or a corporate (3) improvement of system for cooperative structural team for investigation of fires and menpower organization of professional members. Secondly, social mentality in individual prospect, recognition of fires by arson and youth education of such effect, educational program for development and practical promotion. Thirdly, in view of environmental side, the ways of actual performance by programming with the establishment of cooperative advancement in local social function elements with administrative office, habitants, school facilities and newspapers measures (2) establishment of personal protection where weak menpowers are displayed in special fire prevention measures. These measures are presented for prevention of crime of arson. The control of crime and prevention shall be prepared as a means of self defence by the principle of self responsibility Specifically arsonists usually aims at the comparatively weak control of fire prevention is prevalent and it is therefore necessary to prepare individual facilities with their spontaneous management of fire prevention instead of public municipal funtures of local geverment. As Clifford L. Karchmer asserted instead of concerns about who would commit arson, what portion of area would be the target of the arson. It is effective to minister spontaveously the fire prevention measure in his facility with the consideration of characteristics of arson. On the other hand, it is necessary for the concerned personnel of local goverment and groups to distribute to the local society in timely manner for new information about the fire prevention, thus contribute to effective result of fire prevention result. In consideration of these factors, it is inevitable to never let coincide with the phemonemon of arsons in similar or mimic features as recognized that these could prevail just an epedemic as a strong imitational attitude. In processing of policy to encounter these problems, it is necessary to place priority of city policy to enhancement of overall concerns toward the definitive essense of crime of arson.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2006

본 논문은 콘크리트 충전 원형 및 각형 합성 강관을 기둥부재로서의 적합성 및 적용성을 위한 연구로 두개의 강관을 합성한 콘크리트 충전 강관 기둥의 축압축 좌굴내력 및 변형형상에 대한 실험적 연구이다. 강관 기둥에 대한 연구는 콘크리트 충전 원형 강관 기둥, 콘크리트 충전 각형 강관 기둥, 콘크리트 충전 합성 강관 기둥으로 분류하여 실험을 수행하였다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2007년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.71-74
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• 2007

With the changes of times the building materials tend to extend the demand for application under the special environment. Since high-ductile mortar is developed, the building materials show excellent performance like toughness, compression, tensile, and bending, etc. in the general concrete from the existing brittle point. And, recently they are widely used as repairing and reinforcing materials both at home and abroad because they are recognized as excellence like durability and fire-resistance. However, it is in a situation of creating problems in durability because it frequently happened deterioration of buildings that have already repaired and reinforced at a time when it requires reconstruction of recently deteriorated construction structure recently. Therefore, in this study improved with a more repair Material development and reinforcement of the second high-ductile mortar products for a variety of basic materials were presented want, research plans used include traditional repair materials and the newly developed PCM (polymer cement mortar) structural reinforcement type indicated that comparison. PCM analysis in order to present a rate depending on the types fiber 0, 1.2 and 2.0(%) at three levels and mixture water according to ratios of weight to Plain in the 2.0 and 1.85(kg) at two levels is set, the results were as follows. 1) This study has shown that PCM had excellent strain hardening behavior at the same time that the bending stress increased according to the fiber contents. 2) This study has shown that it had the durability performance due to the high substance transmission according to the fiber contents.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.153-164
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• 2019

The presence of thermal bridges in a building envelope cause additional heat loss which increases the heating energy. Given that a higher building insulation performance is required in these cases, the heat loss via thermal bridges is a high proportion of the total heat energy consumption of a building. For the dry exterior insulation system that uses mullions and transoms to fix insulation and exterior materials such as stone and metal sheet, the occurrence of thermal bridges at mullions and transoms is one of the main reasons for heat loss. In this study, a dry exterior insulation system using the truss insulation frame (TIF) was proposed as an alternative to metal mullions. To evaluate the building envelope performance, structural, air-leakage, water-leakage, fire-resistance, thermal, and condensation risk tests were conducted. In addition, the annual energy consumption associated with heating and cooling was calculated, including the linear thermal transmittance of the thermal bridges. As a result, the dry exterior insulation system using TIF achieved the allowable value for all tests. It was also determined that the annual heating load of a building was reduced by 36.7 % when the TIF dry exterior insulation system was used, relative to the dry exterior insulation system using steel pipes without additional insulations.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2013

폴리비닐알코올 섬유와 폴리에틸렌 섬유 등의 합성 섬유는 고연성 섬유보강 시멘트 복합재료를 제조하는데 성공적으로 사용되고 있다. 폴리프로필렌 섬유 역시 복합재료를 제조하는데 사용되고 있지만, 고연성을 구현하는 목적보다는 고온에 노출된 콘크리트의 내화 성능 향상 목적으로 사용되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 폴리프로필렌 섬유로 보강된 시멘트 복합재료의 성능을 향상시키는 방법에 대하여 논하고자 한다. 폴리프로필렌 섬유보강 시멘트 복합재료의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 5가지 배합을 결정하였다. 1종 보통포틀랜드시멘트 (OPC)와 OPC를 다량 치환한 플라이애시를 결합재로 사용하였고 물-결합재 비는 0.23~0.25이다. 또한 부피비로 2%의 폴리프로필렌 섬유가 사용되었으며, 연성을 향상시킬 목적으로 폴리스틸렌 비드가 사용되었다. 슬럼프, 밀도, 압축강도, 1축 인장 실험을 포함한 일련의 실험을 수행하였으며, 실험결과, 파괴역학, 마이크로역학, 통계이론을 이용하여 폴리프로필렌 섬유보강 시멘트 복합재료의 성능을 향상할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.293-303
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• 2012

최근 건설기술의 발전에 따라 구조물이 대형화, 고층화, 장대화되고 있으며, 동시에 다양한 기능을 수행하고 있다. 그러나 요즘 들어 그 빈도수가 증가하고 있는 충돌 사고나 테러에 의한 폭발, 화재 등에 의한 극한하중이 상기의 구조물에 작용할 경우, 구조물의 손상뿐만 아니라 인명과 재산의 피해 정도가 상당히 커질 수 있다. 특히, 충격이나 폭발하중은 구조물에 작용하는 압력 또는 하중이 매우 짧은 시간에 발생하게 되고, 이러한 하중을 받는 구조물은 준-정적(quasi-static) 하중을 받는 구조물과는 다른 응답을 나타내게 되며 반드시 변형률 속도와 손상 효과를 고려해서 설계가 이루어져야 한다. 그러므로 이 연구에서는 콘크리트 슬래브의 충격저항성능 향상을 위해서 강섬유를 전체 부피의 0%에서 1.5%까지 혼입하고, 두 가지 종류의 FRP 시트를 인장부에 보강하여 저속 충격하중에서의 휨 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 FRP 시트를 인장부에 보강할 경우에 최대 충격하중 및 소산에너지, 파괴 시의 타격 횟수가 증가하였으며, 최대 처짐 및 회전각은 감소하여 충격저항성능이 크게 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 추후 극한하중에 노출될 수 있는 주요 시설물의 설계 시 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 이 논문에서는 두 가지 종류의 FRP 시트로 보강된 강섬유 보강 콘크리트 슬래브의 저속 충격하중에서의 동적응답을 해석하기 위하여 외연적 시간적분에 기초한 유한요소해석 프로그램인 LS-DYNA를 사용하였으며, 해석 결과 오차율 5% 이내로 비교적 정확하게 최대 처짐을 예측하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.256-264
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• 2011

목재 자체의 화재저항성능 향상을 위한 기초연구로 마이크로파로 가열된 목재의 침지조건별(상온침지, 열기침지)로 액상 방염약제 침투량과 이에 따른 목재 온도와의 상관성, 방염약제 침투 후 목재의 미세구조와 침투성분 분석을 실시한 결과 마이크로파 가열시간이 높아질수록 침투량이 크게 증대되는 것으로 나타났으며 열기침지의 경우 높은 침투량은 물론 안정적인 방염약제 침투가 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 목재의 온도가 $80^{\circ}C$ 이상 높은 상태에서는 방염약제 침투량이 증대 되었으며 매우 균일한 방염약제 침투성이 확보되는 것으로 나타나 액상의 방염약제는 목재내부로 침투되기 위한 조건으로서 목재의 온도변화에 대한 의존성을 가지는 것으로 판단된다. 미세구조 분석결과 벽공을 통한 방염약제의 세포간 이동성 향상이 방염약제의 침투량이 증대되는 원인으로 사료되며 침투성분 분석 중 열기침지의 경우 변재 및 심재 내부의 벽공 주변에 결정화된 방염약제 성분이 분석됨에 따라 열기침지 시 방염약제는 목재 심재부위까지 침투가 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.123-142
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• 2020

고문헌 조사를 토대로 밀랍주조법을 이용한 사전실험, 재현실험을 통해 청동반가사유상의 복원 연구를 실시하였다. 복원대상은 국보 제83호 금동미륵보살반가사유상으로, 이에 대한 과학적 분석결과를 바탕으로 합금비, 주조방법 등을 설정하였다. 사전실험에서 합금비는 구리:주석:납=95.5:4.0:0.5로 설정하였으나, 본실험에서는 기화량을 감안하여 납과 주석을 각각 2.5%씩 증량하여 장입하였다. 밀랍주조법을 적용하였으며, 본실험에서는 밀랍 경도 실험을 실시하여 송진 30%를 투입하였을 때 적정 강도를 가짐을 알 수 있었다. 미세조직은 일반적인 주조조직(α-Cu, δ)이 확인되었고, 성분분석 결과 선행연구와 유사한 양상을 나타내었다. 거푸집 분석결과, 구조적 안정성과 내화성을 위해 석영 비짐을 넣었으며, 다수의 유기물이 확인되었다. 본 연구가 향후 청동반가사유상의 전통주조법과 복원기술 연구에 대한 기초 자료로 활용될 것을 기대한다.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제5C권3호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2005

Piezoelectric transformers(PT) are expected to be small, thin and highly efficient, and which are attractive as a transformer with high power density for step down voltage. For these reasons, we have attempted to develop a step-down PT for the miniaturized adaptor. We propose a PT, operating in thickness extensional vibration mode for step-down voltage. This PT consists of a multi-layered construction in the thickness direction. In order to develop the step-down PT of 10 W class and turn ratio of 0.1 with high efficiency and miniaturization, the piezoelectric ceramics and PT designs are estimated with a variety of characteristics. The basic composition of piezoelectric ceramics consists of ternary yPb(Zr$_{x}$Ti$_{1-x}$)O$_{3}$-(1-y)Pb(Mn$_{1/3}$Nb1$_{1/3}$Sb$_{1/3}$)O$_{3}$. In the piezoelectric characteristics evaluations, at y=0.95 and x=0.505, the electromechanical coupling factor(K$_{p}$) is 58$\%$, piezoelectric strain constant(d$_{33}$) is 270 pC/N, mechanical quality factor(Qr$_{m}$) is 1520, permittivity($\varepsilon$/ 0) is 1500, and Curie temperature is 350 $^{\circ}C$. At y = 0.90 and x = 0.500, kp is 56$\%$, d33 is 250 pC/N, Q$_{m}$ is 1820, $\varepsilon$$_{33}$$^{T}$/$\varepsilon$$_{0}$ is 1120, and Curie temperature is 290 $^{\circ}C$. It shows the excellent properties at morphotropic phase boundary regions. PZT-PMNS ceramic may be available for high power piezoelectric devices such as PTs. The design of step-down PTs for adaptor proposes a multi-layer structure to overcome some structural defects of conventional PTs. In order to design PTs and analyze their performances, the finite element analysis and equivalent circuit analysis method are applied. The maximum peak of gain G as a first mode for thickness extensional vibration occurs near 0.85 MHz at load resistance of 10 .The peak of second mode at 1.7 MHz is 0.12 and the efficiency is 92$\%$.

• 청정기술
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2019

활성탄(activated carbon, A.C)은 휘발성 유기화합물(volatile organic compounds, VOCs) 제거를 위해 가장 많이 사용되고 있지만 흡/탈착 시 열화현상으로 인한 화재위험성, 잦은 교체 주기로 인한 비용 부담, 수분에 의한 성능 저하 등의 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위하여 소수성 제올라이트 흡착제가 연구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 소수성 개질법 중 하나인 수증기처리 및 산 처리를 통해 $NH_4{^+}Y$-zeolite를 소수성 Y-zeolite로 합성하여 높은 표면적, 열적 안정성과 습도저항성을 확보하고자 하였다. Y-zeolite와 개질된 Y-550-HN, Y-600-HN, Y-650-HN의 흡착성능은 23, 38, 77, $61mg\;g^{-1}$으로 나타났으며, 소수성 개질 정도를 확인할 수 있는 지표인 Si/Al ratio 변화를 XRF 분석으로 확인하였다. 그 결과, Y-zeolite를 개질하였을 때 흡착성능이 증진되었고, Si/Al 비는 Y, Y-550-HN, Y-600-HN, Y-650-HN 순으로 각각 3.1765, 6.6706, 7.3079, 7.4635 임을 확인하였다. 반면에 높은 열처리 온도에 의한 구조적 결정화가 성능 저하에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인하였다. 반면에 Y-zeolite의 최적 열처리 온도가 존재하며, 이와 같은 최적 개질 조건 연구는 높은 내구성과 안정성을 갖는 흡착제를 제조할 수 있는 조건으로써 향후 활성탄을 대체할 수 있을 것으로 판단하였다.