• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.816-823
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• 2007

As the South Korean rolling stock industry is developing designs for full compliance with the European Standards, it is fitting to take a look at these two core standards. The paper presents an overview of the load cases and structural requirements developed in Europe for the design of safe and compatible rolling stock vehicles. These load cases and structural requirements have been compiled into two standards namely EN12663 and EN15227. Standard EN12663 was developed as a reference design requirements standard. The work was mandated and sponsored by the European Committee for Standardization and Standard issuing National Institutions. EN12663 specifies a series of proof and fatigue load cases for European rolling stock regulations compliant vehicle designs. As EN12663 does not address the crashworthiness issue, a dedicated crashworthiness standard, EN15227, was therefore developed in a similar manner through industry wide consultations managed by a Trans-European working group of experienced engineers and specialists. In both standards, the vehicle and/or trains are grouped into categories reflecting the vehicle types and/or their indented operational function. EN15227, developed to complement EN12663, addresses the "passive" crashworthiness capability of the vehicles and trains. EN15227 specifies reference crash scenarios similar to those found in the Technical Specification for Interoperability (TSI) of high speed trains operating in Europe. The overview also touches on a general comparison with the corresponding British Group Standard (GM/RT2100) and also the UIC leaflet based load cases. The exercise is extended to pertinent design load cases specified by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) in the US.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.467-477
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• 2013

Municipalities in the United Arab Emirates approve reinforced concrete design of building structures to follow either the ACI 318 or the BS 8110 code. Since the requirements of these codes are different from each, there is a need to compare the structural demand in the two codes. The main objective of this study is to compare the design requirements of the ACI 318 code with the BS 8110 code for the flexural, shear and axial compression limit states. The load factors and load combinations in the two codes are also compared. To do so, a large number of cross-sections with different geometries, material properties, and reinforcement ratios are analyzed following the procedures in the two codes. The relevant factored load combinations in the two codes are also investigated for a wide range of live-to-dead load ratios and for various wind-to-dead load ratios. The study showed that the differences between the design capacities in the ACI 318 and BS 8110 codes are minor for flexure, moderate for axial compression, and major for shear. Furthermore, the factored load combinations for dead load, live load and wind in the two codes yield minor-to-moderate differences, depending on the live-to-dead load ratio and intensity of wind.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제83권2호
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• pp.195-206
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• 2022

Significant structural damages due to earthquakes reveal the importance of seismic design provisions. This paper presents a comparison between the seismic design provisions of Albania, Croatia, Iran, and Turkey for the design of mid-rise reinforced-concrete (RC) frames. Information on the historical development of the considered provisions are given. The code provisions are compared, illustrating the main differences in the minimum requirements for column and beam detailing and analysis for mid-rise RC frames. 4-story, 5-story, and 6-story buildings are designed according to each design code, and their performance is evaluated comparatively by using a displacement-based adaptive pushover procedure and eigenvalue analysis. It is observed that recent Turkish code has the highest and Albanian code has the lowest level of requirements in terms of member size and reinforcement detailing. The considered models indicate 15%, 20% and 50%, lower period values than the Croatia, Iran and Albania buildings, respectively. Additionally, building models per Croatia, Iran and Albania codes have 30%, 35% and 65% less base shear capacity when compared to Turkish building codes. Building models per Croatia and Iran codes indicate similar properties both in terms of strength and stiffness.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.545-560
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• 2012

Design codes provide the minimum requirements for the design of code-compliant structures to ensure the safety of the life and property. As for code-exceeding buildings, the requirements for design are not sufficient and the approval of such structures is vague. In mainland China in recent years, a large number of code-exceeding tall buildings, whether their heights exceed the limit for the respective structure type or the extent of irregularity is violated, have been constructed. Performance-based seismic design (PBSD) approach has been highly recommended and become necessary to demonstrate the performance of code-exceeding tall buildings at least equivalent to code intent of safety. This paper proposes the general methodologies of performance-based seismic analysis and design of code-exceeding tall buildings in Mainland China. The PBSD approach proposed here includes selection of performance objectives, determination of design philosophy, establishment of design criteria for structural components and systems consistent with the desirable and transparent performance objectives, and seismic performance analysis and evaluation through extensive numerical analysis or further experimental study if necessary. The seismic analysis and design of 101-story Shanghai World Financial Center Tower is introduced as a typical engineering example where the PBSD approach is followed. The example demonstrates that the PBSD approach is an appropriate way to control efficiently the seismic damage on the structure and ensure the predictable and safe performance.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2012

The requirements for computational resources to perform the structural analysis are increasing rapidly. The size of the current analysis problems that are required from practical industry is typically large-scale with more than millions degrees of freedom (DOFs). These large-scale analysis problems result in the requirements of high-performance analysis codes as well as hardware systems such as supercomputer systems or cluster systems. In this paper, the pre- and post-processing system for supercomputing based large-scale structural analysis is presented. The proposed system has 3-tier architecture and three main components; geometry viewer, pre-/post-processor and supercomputing manager. To analyze large-scale problems, the ADVENTURE solid solver was adopted as a general-purpose finite element solver and the supercomputer named 'tachyon' was adopted as a parallel computational platform. The problem solving performance and scalability of this structural analysis system is demonstrated by illustrative examples with different sizes of degrees of freedom.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2018

본 연구는 수직축 풍력 발전 시스템의 복합재 블레이드에 대한 설계 및 제작 연구이다. 본 연구에서 수직축 풍력 발전용 복합재 블레이드의 공력 및 구조 설계를 수행하였다. 1차적으로 복합재 블레이드의 공력 및 구조 설계 요구 조건이 분석되었다. 구조 설계 이후 유한 요소 해석 기법을 활용하여 풍력 블레이드 구조의 구조 해석이 수행되었다. 적용 하중 조건에서 응력 및 변위 해석이 수행되었다. 단계적 구조 해석을 통해 취약 부위의 개선 설계 방안을 제시하였다. 구조 해석을 통해 최종 설계된 블레이드 구조는 안전한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.42-46
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• 2018

본 연구는 소형 엔진 추력 시험 장비에 대한 구조의 안전성 해석에 관한 연구이다. 본 연구에서 소형 엔진 시험 장치를 위한 철강 및 알루미늄 합금 적용 구조의 설계 및 해석을 수행하였다. 1차적으로 엔진 시험 장치의 구조 설계 요구 조건이 분석되었다. 구조 설계 이후 유한 요소 해석 기법을 활용하여 엔진 시험 장치의 구조 해석이 수행되었다. 적용 하중 조건에서 응력 및 변위 해석이 수행되었다. 최종 구조 해석을 통해 설계된 엔진 시험 장치 구조는 안전한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2005

본 연구는 지진하중을 고려한 브레이스된 강골조 구조물의 연속 및 이산화 최적설계에 관한 내용이다. 구조해석과 연속 및 이산화 최적설계를 동시에 수행할 수 있는 최적설계 프로그램을 개발하여 이를 브레이스가 없는 경우, Z-형(V), Z-형(역V), X-형(A), X-형(B), X-형(C), K-형 등의 다양한 브레이스 배치형태를 사용한 강골조 구조물에 적용하였고, 정하중, 지진하중을 고려하여 해석하였다. AISC-ASD 시방규정과 ATC-3-06에 규정한 사용성, 허용층간변위 및 다양한 제약조건을 모두 만족하는 최소중량, 설계변수 등을 도출하고, 다양한 예들의 해석결과를 비교 분석하여 내진에 적합한 브레이스 배치 형태를 제시하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.727-740
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• 2018

Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are passive damping devices widely employed to mitigate the pedestrian-induced vibrations on footbridges. The TMD design must ensure an adequate performance during the overall life-cycle of the structure. Although the TMD is initially adjusted to match the natural frequency of the vibration mode which needs to be controlled, its design must further take into account the change of the modal parameters of the footbridge due to the modification of the operational and environmental conditions. For this purpose, a motion-based design optimization method is proposed and implemented herein, aimed at ensuring the adequate behavior of footbridges under uncertainty conditions. The uncertainty associated with the variation of such modal parameters is simulated by a probabilistic approach based on the results of previous research reported in literature. The pedestrian action is modelled according to the recommendations of the Synpex guidelines. A comparison among the TMD parameters obtained considering different design criteria, design requirements and uncertainty levels is performed. To illustrate the proposed approach, a benchmark footbridge is considered. Results show both which is the most adequate design criterion to control the pedestrian-induced vibrations on the footbridge and the influence of the design requirements and the uncertainty level in the final TMD design.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2007년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.763-768
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• 2007

In construction of RC buildings, the quality of shop and detail drawings is very essential for the quality and safety of buildings, Nevertheless, most of thess works are left to site workers and the requirements about bar detailing such as anchorage and splice have been done without rational design and engineering. The purpose of this research is to develop a computer aided drawing system of rebars for RC buildings. The system is based on an integrated structural design system, that is SDP. SDP manages an engineering database for structural design information. It provides all the information needed to draw rebar drawings. The drawing system consists of three modules, 1) Structural Plan Drawing System, 2) Shop Drawing System, and 3) Detail Drawing System. It is expected that not only the productivity of detail drawing works but also the quality and safety of buildings will be improved using the rebar drawing system developed in this research.