• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.329-338
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• 2018

This study was conducted to examine musculoskeletal disorder and analyze the effects of musculoskeletal pain control and self-efficacy on musculoskeletal disorders in dental hygienists. Material and Methods; 483 dental hygienists residing in Gwangju were collected by the convenience sampling method and the self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted. Frequency analysis, crosstab analysis, t-test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used for analysis. Results: the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among subjects was 83.9% for the prior year, with 29.8% of patients being afflicted by musculoskeletal disorders. The factors influencing musculoskeletal disorders were musculoskeletal pain resolution. For pain resolution, the odds ratio of musculoskeletal disorders of the group who answered treatment in a hospital, an Oriental medicine clinic, or a pharmacy was 0.22 (95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.34) compared with the group who answered sick leave or task change, suggesting a negative relationship. These findings indicate that people with musculoskeletal disorders were not treated in the hospital, Oriental medicine clinic, or pharmacy. Therefore, it is necessary to improve medical management (oriental medicine, intravenous injection or medication, heat therapy or cryotherapy, steroid treatment, counseling, endovascular treatment using spinal cord stimulation, physical therapy, stretching, rehabilitation, and manual therapy) and job environment and to make a good approach to the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders to control dental hygienists' musculoskeletal pain.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.217-226
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• 2006

We report three sawtooth oscillation events observed at geosynchronous orbit where we find quasi-periodic (every 2-3 hours) sudden flux increases followed by slow flux decreases at the energy levels of ${\sim}50-400keV$. For these three sawtooth events, we have examined variations of the outer boundary of the outer radiation belt. In order to determine L values of the outer boundary, we have used data of relativistic electron flux observed by the SAMPEX satellite. We find that the outer boundary of the outer radiation belt oscillates periodically being consistent with sawtooth oscillation phases. Specifically, the outer boundary of the outer radiation belt expands (namely, the boundary L value increases) following the sawtooth particle flux enhancement of each tooth, and then contracts (namely, the boundary L value decreases) while the sawtooth flux decreases gradually until the next flux enhancement. On the other hand, it is repeatedly seen that the asymmetry of the magnetic field intensity between dayside and nightside decreases (increases) due to the dipolarization (the stretching) on the nightside as the sawtooth flux increases (decreases). This implies that the periodic magnetic field variations during the sawtooth oscillations are likely responsible for the expansion-contraction oscillations of the outer boundary of the outer radiation belt.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.385-392
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have reported an association of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) 3123Cytosine/Adenine (3123C/A) polymorphism with essential hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism affects blood pressure for free-living hypertensive men during a 5-month intervention period. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were free-living hypertensive Japanese men aged 40 to 75 years who agreed to intervention in the period from 2004 to 2011. Detection of the AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction. The dietary intervention was designed to decrease salt level and to increase potassium level through cooking instructions and self-monitoring of the diet. The exercise session consisted of activities such as stretching, resistance training, and walking. Blood pressure, urinary sodium and potassium excretion, dietary and lifestyle data, and non-fasting venous blood sample were collected at baseline and after the intervention period. RESULTS: Thirty nine subjects were eligible for participation and the follow-up rate was 97.4%. The C allele proportion was 57.9%. AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism was X-chromosome-linked, therefore we analyzed the C and A genotypes. At baseline, no significant differences were observed between the genotype groups. After the intervention, there were no significant differences in lifestyle habit between the groups. Nevertheless, the estimated salt excretion (g/day) was significantly decreased only in the C genotype (13.0-10.3, P = 0.031). No significant change was observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg) in the A genotype, but a significant decrease was observed in the C genotype (150.0-141.5, P = 0.024). CONCLUSTIONS: In the C genotype, it might be easy to improve SBP through lifestyle intervention in free-living hypertensive Japanese men, however generalization could not be achieved by the small sample size.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.2064-2072
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to identify the effects of the correction exercise program on femoral intercondylar distance, Q-angle and plantar pressure in undergraduate with genu varum. A experimental study with a randomized controlled trial design was used. Thirty subjects with genu varum were allocated in two groups: the experimental group (n=15) or the control group (n=15). The experimental group conducted correction exercise program for 30 minutes a day, 5 times a week, for 6 weeks, while the control group did not perform any exercise. The correction exercise program group showed a significant decreased femoral intercondylar distance, plantar pressure of M 4, M 5 (Metatarsal 4, 5). Also the correction exercise program group significantly increased Q-angle, plantar pressure of Toe 2-5 and M 1, M 2, M 3 (Metatarsal 1, 2, 3) (Rt, Lt) (p<.05). Thus, we suggested that the correction exercise program may be suitable intervention to improve normal alignment in undergraduate with genu varum.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.75-88
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• 2014

The purpose of the present study is to examine the characteristics of intermediary organizations for rural tourism by analyzing how they are run, especially in Yangpyeong-gun and Icheon-si Nadri groups, and to further look for the desirable role they should play. Since the activities of these intermediary groups have not been accumulated enough to be able to be used for a study, grounded theory was adopted as deemed appropriate among other qualitative research approaches for this paper. Three main findings of the current research are as follows. First, the rural tourism intermediary organizations have characteristics that are leaning towards local villages more than visitors, although they are in the middle of a spectrum stretching between 'visitors to the green villages' on one end and the 'green villages' on the other end. Second, the intermediary groups work not just as a bridge among different green villages but also as a mediator, facilitator and a guide, noting that such roles can vary significantly depending on the level of competence of the groups themselves and the extent to which the government steps in. Third, the tourism intermediary organizations can contribute to local community-building, going beyond the boundaries of green village. They help to improve the quality of tour experience which leads to revitalization of local economy, and during the course of operating the intermediary groups, the community in the village can set up rules and resolve disputes and conflicts. Thus, the activities of the groups have the potential to create a local community by affecting not just at a village level but to a broader area where their operation is based on. Implications of this study are suggested in three ways. First, the paper looked at the interaction between rural tourism intermediary organizations and stakeholder in a comprehensive way with a qualitative research approach taken. Second, it identified the role and tasks of rural tourism intermediary organizations. Third, it is important to ensure that the tourism intermediary organizations play the local community-oriented role.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.39-47
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• 2006

This study long jump action to each situation on a chessboard and section of sight disabled person and normal person through third dimension reflex analysis mechanical special quality because do comparative analysis sight disabled person's exercise ability and technology structure of action that run understand. As can do better without danger of injury map and training of exercise item that action that run is included, do offer of pabulum by purpose. Through this study, conclusion is as following. 1. Sight disabled persons' long jump average recording (121.84cm) showing normal persons' average recording (259.27cm) and much differences, show that motion of body is not big to Touch-down from Ready action. 2. Each phase body center composition(r) average speed displayed result that it is more meaning more than Each phase time required. 3. Began in line carriage without body back stretching in 1 situation on Event one are sight disabled persons. Was expose that do not bend enough knee and ankle than normal person in Event two. Was expose that body is not drooped for surface of land in Event three, and knee and ankle were expose that do not unfold easily than normal person. Was expose that do not bend enough on Touch-down knee by relation that can not grasp position of the floor in Event four. 4. When taking off, the average of horizontal speed of body center are 1.80m/sec for blind people and 3.53m/sec for the normal. In this connection, the study shows that the difference of horizontal speed between the blind and the normal is bigger than difference of vertical speed, which are 1.56m/sec for the blind and 1.98m/sec for the normal. Also, composite speed also shows us big difference between 2.41m/sec of the blind and 4.07m/sec of the normal. The speed body center of take-off was expose that average adjuster are big width of deceleration than average - beginning disabled person's average by 2.23m/sec - 1.71m/sec in the vertical speed. 5. If examine change of high and low for z Sign of right hand, change of high and low showed as is small than normal person is sight obstacle, and all hand movements are small and was expose that do not use enough reaction of body as well as in ready action.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.27-40
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to identify the kinematic variables of giant swing backward to handstand as well as individual variations of each athlete performing this skill, which in turn will provide the basis for developing suitable training methods and for improving athlete's performance in actual games. For this end, 3 male athletes, members of the national team, who are in ${\Box}{\Box}H{\Box}{\Box}$ University, have been randomly chosen and their giant swing backward to handstand performance was recorded using two digital cameras and analyzed in 3 dimensional graphics. This study came to the following conclusion. 1. Proper time allocation for giant swing backward to handstand are: Phase 1 should provide enough time to attain energy for swing track of a grand round movement. The phase 3 is to throw the body up high in the air and stay in the air as long as possible to smoothen up the transition to the next stage and the phase 4 should be kept short with the moment arm coefficient of the body reduced. 2. As for appropriate changes of locations of body center, the phase 1 should be comprised of horizontal, perpendicular, compositional to make up a big rotational radius. Up to the Phase 3 the changes of displacements of vertical locations should be a good scale and athlete's body should go up high quickly to increase the perpendicular climbing power 3. When it comes to the speed changes of body center, the vertical and horizontal speed should be spurred by the reaction of the body in Phase 2 and Phase 3. In the Phase 4, fast vertical speed throws the body center up high to ensure enough time for in-the-air movement. 4. The changes of angles of body center are: in Phase 2, shoulder joint is stretching and coxa should be curved up to utilize the body reaction. In the Phase 4, shoulder joint and coxa should be stretched out to get the body center as high as possible in the air for stable landing. 5. The speeds of changes in joints angles are: in the Phase 2 should have the speed of angles of shoulder joints increase to get the body up in the air as quickly as possible. The Phase 3 should have the speed of angles in shoulder joint slow down, while putting the angles of a knee joint up to speed as quickly as possible to ensure enough time for in-the-air movement.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.308-315
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• 2013

In this study, we performed surface modification of silica nanoparticles with bis[3-(triethoxysilylpropyl)]tetrasulfide (TESPT) silane coupling agent to study the effects of treatment temperature, treatment time, and amount of TESPT used on the silanization degree with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis (EA) and solid state $^{13}C$ and $^{29}Si$ cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). We found peak area of isolated silanol groups at $3747cm^{-1}$ decreased, but peak area of $-CH_2$ asymmetric stretching of TESPT at $2938cm^{-1}$ increased with the amount of TESPT from FTIR measurements. We also used universal testing machine (UTM) to study mechanical properties of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites with 20 phr (parts per hundred of rubber) of pristine and TESPT modified silicas, respectively. The tensile strength and 100% modulus of modified silica/SBR nanocomposite were enhanced from 5.65 to 9.38MPa, from 1.62 to 2.73 MPa, respectively, compared to those of pristine silica/SBR nanocomposite.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.61-73
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• 2014

The dextral strike-slip Yecheon Shear Zone of (E)NE-(W)SW trend is developed in the Pukhumyeon-Pyeongeunmyeon area, Gyeongsangbukdo, in the central part of Sobaeksan Massif, Korea which mainly consists of Precambrian metasedimentary rocks and Mesozoic granite. This paper researched the relative formation time, the deformation temperature, and the distribution of ultramylonite zone of Yecheon Shear Zone from the analysis of their deformed rock structures and microstructures. There are the mylonite foliation and stretching lineation by shear deformation, and the (E)SE-vergence gentle plunging, moderately inclined tight fold defined by the gneissosity and mylonite foliation as ductilely deformed main rock structures. Flame perthites, myrmekites, microfractures, microkinks, kinkband, and undulatory extinction are recognized as characteristic microstructures in feldspars during ductile shear deformation. Patterns of c-axis fabrics of recrystallized quartz aggregate display single girdle and type I crossed girdle where the rhomb and basal slip systems are predominant. The shearing senses on sense-of-shear plane show top-to-the-NE and top-to-the-SW on the predominant NW-dipping and subordinate SE-dipping mylonite foliations, respectively. These characteristic rock structures and microstructures suggest that the Yecheon ductile shearing occurred under $350{\sim}450^{\circ}C$ deformation temperature after the tight folding. The (E)NE trending ultramylonite zone of Yecheon Shear Zone, which passes through the Pulnobong and the north part of Pakdalsan, is established from the zonal distribution of Precambrian metasedimentary rocks and the grain-size distribution of feldspars in the Precambrian metasedimentary rocks and quartzs in the Mesozoic granite.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.105-117
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• 2014

The Ogcheon and Joseon Supergroups are distributed in the Bonghwajae area, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea which is located in the northeastern fore-end of the Ogcheon Metamorphic Zone. This paper researched the geological structures based on the geometric and kinematic characteristics and the forming sequence of the major multi-deformed rock and microstructures. Most of regional foliations are not the S0 bedding but the S0-1 composite foliations defined by the preferred orientation of stretching minerals, some are recognized as the S0-1-2 composite foliations by the preferred orientation of insoluble opaque minerals and cleavage lamella. The geological structures were formed at least by three phases of deformations i.e. NNE-SSW trending D1, E-W trending D2, N-S trending D3 compressions. The S0-1 composite foliation, which shows a similar zone-distribution trend of the constitution strata of the Ogcheon and Joseon Supergroups, trended WNW before D2 deformation, but it was reoriented into N-S which was parallel to the trend of S2 foliation by D2 deformation, and it was rearranged into NW, NE, N-S trends as it is now by D3 deformation. The structural characteristics of each deformation phase and the deformation history are very similar to those in the eastern domain of Busan area into which the Ogcheon and Joseon Supergroups in this area are extended as NNW trend. It is expected to be very valuable data in interpreting the tectonic evolution of the northeastern fore-end of the Ogcheon Metamorphic Zone.