• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.8
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• pp.87-99
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• 2009

This study aimed to explore self-esteem influencing variables such as appearance stress, sex-role identity, and depression, in order to assess self-esteem standards for children and adolescents. It also investigated mediating effects of sex-role identity and depression on self-esteem. The study subjects were 2,511 elementary students and 2,958 middle school students, selected using the Korea Adolescence Panel Data. The data collected from interviews were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, t test, Pearson's correlation and hierarchical multiple regression. The main results were as follows: Firstly, appearance stress and depression of female students were higher than those of male students. However, sex-role identity of male students was higher than those of female students. Difference in self-esteem was not statistically significant between male and female students (P > 0.05). Secondly, appearance stress was positively correlated to sex-role identity and depression, but negatively correlated to selfesteem. Thirdly, sex-role identity and depression had a mediating affect on self-esteem. Finally, variables affecting self-esteem of children and adolescents were appearance stress, men-role identity, and depression. In addition to these variables, women-role identity was a major factor for female students.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.187-202
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• 2018

Objective: The study aims to examine fathers' parental stress and the variables effecting parental stress of fathers with infants. Methods: One hundred seventeen fathers with 0 to 2 year-olds were recruited from daycare centers in Daejeon metropolitan city. The Korean version of the Parenting Stress Index Short Form (K-PSI-SF) by Lee, Jung, Park and Kim(2008), The Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (Koss-SF) by Jang and Ko(2005), and the Revised-Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale(RKMSS) by Chung (2004) were used to measure fathers'parental stress, occupational stress, and marital satisfaction. Results: First, the most influential variable that affected father's parental stress was their marital satisfaction. The fathers felt less parental stress when they felt higher marital satisfaction. Second, fathers felt less parental stress when their occupational environments were family friendly. Conclusion/Implications: Ways to improve mariatal satisfacation and a family friendly evironment at work should be sought out in order to lessen the parental stress of fathers raising infants.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.28 no.1 s.49
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• pp.123-139
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• 1995

This study investigated the stress of community residents in Kwang-Ju and Chonnam areas by using the General Health questionnaire(GHQ-60) as a instrument of stress measurement. The number of subjects were 445 residents who lived in three areas(large city, middle city, and rural area) and they were individually interviewed in March, 1994. The results of study showed that the degrees of stress measured by GHQ-60 were statistically significant in the residents' area, age, sex variables: (a) the residents in middle city among three areas had the highest level of stress; (b) the residents who were more than 60 in age had the highest level of stress: (c) the female residents had more stress than male residents, (d) particularly, the residents who were more than 60 years old in the middle city had the highest level of stress. Further, the results of factor analysis showed that there were three factors of social dysfunction, depression and anxiety and psychosomatic symptom. The social dysfunction factor was statistically significant in both age and resident area variables. The depression and anxiety factor was statistically significant in the residents' area, age, sex variables. The psychosomatic symptom factor was statistically significant in both age and sex variables. The study suggested that they should give a special attention to solve the old people's stress because stress was closely related to residents' age.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.259-272
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• 1989

This study was designed to measure the degree of work stress perceived by clinical nurses working in psyciatric ward, and to identify the factors influencing the difference of work stress. The survey method was used and the subjects of this study consisted of 135 psyciatric nurses from 7 university hospitals and 4 provincial general hospitals. The data were collected from August 1 to 20, 1988. The instrument used for this study was PNOSS(Psychiatric Nurse Occupational Stress Scale) which was developed by Bai(1989). The confidence verification of this instrument was computed and the Cronbach $\alpha$ was 0.94050. Data were analysed by t-test and ANOVA on 5% significant level with SPSS program. The results of study were summerized as follow : 1) The degree of perceived stress among psychiatric nurses was considerably high(4.32 out of 6.00). 2) Among the stressors, inadequate staffing(5.04), hospital administrational problems (4.7) and the conflict of nurse-patient relationship were identified as the stress factors with high rank of degree of stress. 3) There was significant relationship between the degree of stress and the demographic variables of nurses such as the marital status, educational level, and the motivation of working in psychiatric ward. 4) There was significant relationship between the job-related variables such as the working duration, the motivation of working and nurse's attitude toward the psychiatric patients. 5) The relationship between several stress factors and some of the demographic and the job-related variables were significantly identified.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.195-215
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• 2001

This study is of an analysis of the kinds of influences on the subordinate variables through the adjusting variables by the independent variables which serve as the perception factor of job stress. also This study, with taking the workers for the hotel employees who are in the room, food & beverage and cook, was carried out so as to analyze deeply and throughly the stress of work they experience in doing their job and the tension incited from this stress and the strategy used for meeting this stress to grope for raising plan for the degree of satisfaction with their job of the workers for the hotel. In order for, this study ran paralled with literature study and research study, taking 615 workers who are now working in hotel. Job stress is easily negligible in hotel business not only because it is hard to identify and measure its concrete entity on account of its intangible characteristic but also because it is impossible to check physically the relationship with each direct behavior. If job stress continue, however, it can cause neglect of duty, change of occupation, deterioration of service quality and eventually aggravate the cost of a hotel business and decrease the hotel sales. Consequently, it is highly necessary to increase job satisfaction by identifying systematically and eliminating the stress factor of hotel employees in order to accomplish particularly experience unique job stress in the course of contact since they should provide the customer with their services.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.249-261
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• 2006

This study investigated the influence of socio-environmental variables and cognitive variables on adolescent depression. Subjects were 494 middle and high school students of Deagu. The instrument was a self-report questionnaire; data were analyzed by t-test, stepwise multiple regression and path analysis. Among Socio-environmental variables, social support variables had a stronger effect on depression than stress. Among cognitive variables, automatic thought had a stronger effect on depression than cognitive distortion and socio-environmental variables. In path analysis, social support had a direct effect on cognitive distortion and automatic thought. Automatic thought served as a mediater of the relation between social support and depression. Although adolescent stress resulted in high depression, its effect on depression varied with the level of perceived social support.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.919-932
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• 2010

This investigation examined the association between demographic variables, acculturation and acculturative stress. Participants in the study were 360 Pilipino, Vietnamese, Chinese, Chinese-Korean and Japanese woman who had married internationally and were living in Jeonbuk-Do. Hierarchical regression analyses determined that among the independent variables examined, age, Korean language ability, marital satisfaction, and ethnic identity had significant predictive effects on the levels of acculturative stress experienced. Young women who had lower Korean language proficiency, lower marital satisfaction, and higher ethnic identity showed more higher level of acculturative stress. Implications of this research were discussed with particular attention given to possible support programs for women in international marriages.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.73-81
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• 1999

The present study is to examine the ACI code equations for computing the unbonded tendon stress at flexural failure of prestressed beams. The equations examined for their validity are Eq. 18-4 and Eq. 18-5 of the ACI 318-95. Since the possibility of overestimation was expected with the equations, a numerical study, first, was carried out with influential variables included. From this study, it was found that amount of reinforcements, effective prestress, location of tendons, and loading type may affect the overestimation of the unbonded tendon stress. Then, an experimental study was carried out with those variables. A total of 8 specimens was tested to prove the theoretical findings as well as the effect of those variables. As a result. it was proven that the ACI Code equations can overestimate significantly the unbonded tendon stress for certain cases.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.75-91
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between parenting stress, social support and the social development of preschool children in rural areas. The subject included 114 preschool children, along with their mothers, selected from kindergartens and day care centers in rural areas. The instruments included the parenting stress index, social support inventory and the social maturity scale. The statistics used from this data were t-test, one-way ANOYA(Scheffe test), correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. This study showed that maternal parenting stress was influenced significantly by the related variables; gender of child, birth order of child, age of mother, educational attainment of mother, family income, religion, family type. And also, social support was influenced significantly by the above variables. The child's social development was influenced significantly by the variables that related child and the family. Correlation analysis indicated that parenting stress and social development of the child were relatively negative high correlation coefficients. And social support and social development of the child were relatively positive high correlation coefficients. The important factors on predicting social development of the child were found to be birth order of child, age of mother, educational attainment of mother, family income, religion, family type, daily stress, stress of difficult child, stress of parent-child dysfunctional interaction, educational distress, husband support, and other support. Especially stress of difficult child and husband support were important variables that predicted the social development of the preschool children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.211-228
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• 1997

The purposes of this article were to find the general trends of single mothers and their children's stress family resources and coping to estimate the correlation among variables and to analyze the effects of related variables family resources influencing coping and stress. The data were analyzed from the 566 single mothers and their children living in Kwang-ju. The major findings were as follow; 1. Scores of single mothers' and their children's stress family resources were lower than median. But scores of single mothers' coping were higher than median. Their problem-solving coping were higher than emotional coping. 2. Widowed single mothers' stress were related to family resources and emotional coping. Divorced single mothers' stress were related to emotional coping. Children's stress were related to emotional coping. Single mother's stress coping were related to stress of children. 3. Single mothers' coping were influenced by financial well-being family strength I and family strength II. Children's coping were influenced by number of friend. Single mothers' stress were influenced by education financial well-being. Children's stress were influenced by their mothers' education friendship satisfaction and school achievement satisfaction.