• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.46-75
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• 2008

Main objective of this study is to investigate the factors that affect the reduction and recovery rate of hospital health insurance review departments of Korean tertiary hospitals, general hospitals and hospitals. A nationwide mail survey was conducted through structured questionnaire for chiefs and members of health insurance review departments of 178 hospitals, and data from 1,064 respondents were utilized in the final analysis. Major findings are as follows: 1) Monthly average reduction rate of surveyed hospitals was 1.18% for inpatients and 0.56% for outpatients. Also, average recovery rates from protests were 45.7% and 53.6%, respectively. 2) Average ages of health insurance review department employees were 41.5 for chiefs and 34.9 for members, and their average working period was 6.64 years. 69.1% of the respondents felt stress in their jobs, and they suggested 'communication problems with doctors' along with 'heavy workloads' as major reasons for the stress. 3) Reduction rates decreased and recovery rates increased when separate member in charge was assigned to each medical department, when health insurance review departments periodically provided medical parts with related education, and when the members participated in various committees.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.634-643
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• 2007

This study was performed to develop a tailored multi-disciplinary obesity management program, as well as an obesity assessment sheet identified the general characteristics and psychological and environmental factors related to weight loss success for obese premenopausal women participating in obesity management programs performed at weight reduction health centers. The results are as follows. The primary general characteristics related to successful weight reduction in the obesity management programs were education level, occupational status, reason for obesity onset, aids used in weight control, basis of frequency, and reason for weight reduction. The initial psychological factors related to successful weight reduction were less stress and disordered eating. The initial environmental factors included an expression of ones opinion and the eating environment. Animal protein and animal fat consumption were significantly less in the unsuccessful group than in those who were unsuccessful at weight loss. The consumption of crude fiber was significantly greater in the successful group than in the unsuccessful group. Psychological factors such as stress, depression, and disordered eating, and the environmental factor of eating environment were significantly better in the successful group than in the unsuccessful group. In conclusion, we have found evidence to suggest what is required in determining the types of programs most suitable for obese women prior to starting an obesity management program.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.2399-2405
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• 2014

조립식지그재그 형태의 단일거더시스템이 적용되는 경골형 교량은 비틀림에 취약한 구조이다. 특히 거더와 PHC(Pretensioned spun High strength Concrete) 말뚝의 고정 연결부는 비틀림 하중에 의한 과도한 응력이 집중되는 취약부이므로 이를 저감시키기 위한 방안이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 연결부에 발생하는 과도한 응력을 저감시키기 위한 다양한 보강재 형식의 효율성을 수치해석적으로 평가하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2018

Background: This study aimed to investigate out the influence of drought stress on the physiological responses of Dendropanax morbifera seedlings. Methods and Results: Drought stress was induced by discontinuing water supply for 30 days. Under drought stress, photosynthetic activity was significantly reduced with decreasing soil water content (SWC), as revealed by the parameters such as Fv/Fm, maximum photosynthetic rate ($P_{N\;max}$), stomatal conductance ($g_s$), stomatal transpiration rate (E), and intercellular $CO_2$ concentration (Ci). However, water use efficiency (WUE) was increased by 2.5 times because of the decrease in $g_s$ to reduce transpiration. Particularly, E and $g_s$ were remarkably decreased when water was withheld for 21 days at 6.2% of SWC. Dendropanax morbifera leaves showed osmotic adjustment of -0.30 MPa at full turgor and -0.13 MPa at zero turgor. In contrast, the maximum bulk modulus of elasticity ($E_{max}$) did not change significantly. Thus, Dendropanax morbifera seedlings could tolerate drought stress via osmotic adjustment. Conclusions: Drought avoidance mechanisms of D. morbifera involve reduction in water loss from plants, through the control of stomatal transpiration, and reduction in cellular osmotic potential. Notably photosynthetic activity was remarkably reduced, to approximately 6% of the SWC.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2000

Eight-week old perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Reveille) plants were exposed to different NO3-concentrations or osmotic stress with NaCI. Previously labeled "N was chased during 14 days of non-labeled'NO3 feeding in order to investigate NO3 metabolism in relation to osmoregulation. The short termmeasurement of osmotic potential showed that the extemal concentration of Nos- had not great effect on theosmotic potential, but that osmotic adjustment was observed in NaCl-treated plants. Total uptake of NO 3 - waslargely increased by increasing supply level of NO3 while it was depressed by exposing to osmotic stress.Nitrate reduction increased to more than 29% by increasing extemal NO,- concentration from 1 mM to 10mM. When osmotically stressed with NaCI, nitrate reduction was depressed to about 37% as compared to thecontrol. The decrease in translocation of reduced N into leaves was also observed in NaCl exposed plants. Inthe medium exposed to 10 mM NO,., osmotic contribution of nitrate to cumulative osmotic potential wasdecreased, and it was osmotically compensated with soluble carbohydrate. When osmotically stressed withNaC1, the contribution of chloride was much higher than that of nitrate. The present data indicate that N03-in plant tissues, factually affected by the assimilation of this ion, plays an active role in osmotic regulation incorrelation with other osmotica such carbohydrate and chloride.(Key words : Nitrate metabolism, Osmotic stress, Nitrate supply level, Osmoregulation)ate supply level, Osmoregulation)

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.599-608
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• 2002

Finite element analysis for the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the skin/stiffener structure with inclined central crack repaired by composite stiffened panels is developed. A numerical investigation was conducted to characterize the fracture behavior and crack growth behavior at the inclined crack. In order to investigate the crack growth direction, maximum tangential stress (MTS) criterion are used. Also, this paper is to study the performance of the effective bonded composite patch repair of a plate containing an inclined central through-crack. The main objective of this research is the validation of the inclined crack patching design. In this paper, the reduction of stress intensity factors at the crack-tip and prediction of crack growth direction are determined to evaluate the effects of various non-dimensional design parameter including; composite patch thickness and stiffener distance. We report the results of finite element analysis on the stiffener locations and crack slant angles and discuss them in this paper. The research on cracked structure subjected to mixed mode loading is accomplished and concludes that more work using a different approaches is necessary. The authors hope the present study will aid those who are responsible for the repair of damaged aircraft structures and also provide general repair guidelines.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of natural landscapes in the context of work environments. The study examined the impact of natural landscapes on urban office workers' stress reduction and cognitive performance, using physiological, psychological, and cognitive measures. One-hundred-twenty urban office workers participated in the experiments. The physiological measures used were GSR (galvanic skin response) and IBI (interbeat interval), and the psychological measure was ZIPERS (Zucherman Inventory of Personal Reactions). Cognitive performance was measured using a mental arithmetic test that had been developed by a pretest. The results from the physiological, psychological, and cognitive measures converged to indicate that the natural landscape had more beneficial effects in relieving both psychological and physiological stress and in enhancing cognitive performance of the of office workers than the city landscape. The results suggest wide applications in the fields of workers' well-being and landscape research. First, the results can provide reliable information for promoting natural landscaping in work places in order to relieve worker stress and enhance cognitive performance. Second, the results provide an example for future empirical landscape research using multiple measurements, such as psychological, physiological, and cognitive tests. Third, they can foster experimental research to investigate the relationship between stress reduction and natural landscapes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.397-400
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• 1994

The effect of xylazine administration on plasma cortisol, prolactin, glucose and packed cell volume (PCV) responses to immobilization and heat stress was investigated. Immobilization of rats for 2 hours by ligation of the fore and hind legs strongly caused approximately two-fold increase in plasma cortisol and prolactin levels. Plasma glucose and PCV were not significantly changed. Pretreatment of immobilized rats with xylazine (20 mg/kg body weight i.m.) resulted in approximately 20% reduction in both plasma cortisol and prolactin concentrations. A marked hyperglycemia and increase in the PCV value was observed. On the other hand, rats exposed to acute heat stress ($40^{\circ}C$, and 60% relative humidity) for 2 hours, also developed two fold increase in both plasma cortisol and prolactin concentrations and the pretreatment with xylazine caused a 20% reduction in the levels of both hormones. Plasma glucose level was not significantly changed in heat stressed rats but it was markedly increased after pretreatment with xylazine. PCV was significantly incrcased under heat stress and pretreatment with xylazine induced a pronounced elevation in this value. It was suggested that stimulation of cortisol and prolactin secretion in response to immobilization or heat stress can be partially reduced by an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.292-297
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• 2001

Composite patch repair of cracked aircraft structures has been accepted as one of improving fatigue life and attaining better structural integrity. Analysis for the stress intensity factor at the skin/stiffener structure with inclined central crack repaired by composite stiffened panels are developed. A numerical investigation was conducted to characterize the fracture behavior and crack growth behavior. In order to investigate the crack growth direction, maximum tangential stress(MTS) criteria is used. The main objective of this research is the validation of the inclined crack patching design. In this paper, the reduction of stress intensity factors at the crack-tip and prediction of crack growth direction are determined to evaluate the effects of various non-dimensional design parameter including; composite patch thickness and stiffener distance. The research on cracked structure subjected to mixed mode loading is accomplished and it is evident that more work using different approaches is necessary.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.4197-4206
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• 2010

본 연구는 규칙적인 신체활동 프로그램이 유아의 기본운동과 일상적인 스트레스에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보기 위하여 유아 40명을 대상으로 실험집단과 통제집단으로 나누어 주2회 10주간 실외 신체활동 프로그램을 실시하였다. 그 결과 신체활동 프로그램이 유아의 기본운동능력에서 통제집단에 비해 실험집단이 향상되었다. 또한 유아의 일상적 스트레스에 있어서도 통제집단에 비해 실험집단이 스트레스 감소에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 신체활동 프로그램이 유아들의 기본운동능력 발달과 일상적인 생활에서 오는 스트레스를 감소시키는데 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.