• 한국안전학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2004

Antifatigue failure technology take an important the part of current industries. Currently, the shot peening is used for removing the defect from the surface of steel and improving the fatigue strength on surface. Therefore in this paper the effect of compressive residual stress by shot peening on fatigue crack growth characteristics in stress ratio(R=0.1, 0.3, 0.6)was investigated with considering fracture mechanics. There is difference between shot peening specimen and unpeening specimen. Fatigue crack growth rate of shot peening specimen was lower than that of unpeening specimen. Fatigue lift shows more improvement in the shot peening material than in the unpeening material. And compressive residual stress of surface on the shot peening processed operate resistance force of fatigue crack propagation. That is the constrained force about plasticity deformation was strengthened by resultant stress, which resulted from plasticity deformation and compressive residual stress in the process of fatigue crack propagation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.227-239
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• 2004

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of acupuncture for reducing mental stress using power spectrum analysis of the heart rate variability. Methods : 5 healthy volunteers participated in this study. After instrumentation and 5-minute rest period, mental stress was provided for 5-minute. HRV was recorded before and after the mental stress. Acupuncture was put on the HT8, and needle was removed after 15min. Than 2nd mental stress was given for 5-minute with same method. For the control, same process was repeated to same subject except for acupuncture. Results : After mental stress, LF and LF/HF ratio is significantly increased. After acupuncture treatment, LF/HF ratio is significantly decreased, and LF do not significantly changed despite of mental stress. Conclusions : The result suggest that acupuncture treatment can regulate and prevent the alteration of autonomic nerve system due to mental stress.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.348-357
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of partial osseointegration situation on bone loading patterns around two different free-standing screw shaped implants (Nobel Biocare, Gothenburg, Sweden and Degussa-Huls, Hanau, German). Two dimensional axisymmetric Finite element models of two implants(10mm length and 4mm diameter) were created according to different bone quantity, quality and osseointegration ratio in maxilla and mandible bone. At the same time uni-cortical and hi-cortical fixation were analyzed. Generally, full bond case showed less stress than partial bond case in overall area and mandibular model showed less amount of stress than that of maxilla model. Maximum stress of the Branemark implant is higher than that of ANKYLOS regardless of bonding ratio at crestal and apex region. However, more stress concentration was noted in ANKYLOS implant at screw body area especially in mandible. The effect of bicortical fixation on crestal bone stress reduction is dramatical in mandible however, there was no significant effect in maxillary case. The effect of partial bond on stress distribution was more significant at screw body and apex region than in crestal region. Partial bond cases demonstrated greater stress accumulation in trabecular bone than cortical bone. It is concluded that the more accurate model of implant and bone which affects stress and strain distribution is needed to mimic in vivo behavior of implants.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제13권3호통권33호
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• pp.108-113
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• 1999

In this study, CT specimens were prepared from ASTM A516 Gr. 65 which was used for pressure vessel plates for moderate and lower temperature service. Fatigue crack growth test was carried out in the environment of low temperature of $10^{circ}C, -10^{circ}C, -30${circ}C\;and\;-50^{circ}C$ and in the range of stress ratio of R=0.05 and 0.3 by means of opening mode displacement. Based on these test results, the characteristics from temperature and stress ration were shown as follows. 1) As the stress ratio, R increased da/dN and ${Delta}K$ of 2nd stage gradually decreased. And as R decreased, the effect of temperature became greater and greater. 2) As the temperature descended, da/dN decreased on a certain ${Delta}K$, and ${Delta}K$ did in a same da/dN. And the stress ratio, R exerted greater influence at the lower temperature. 3) The fatigue crack growth constant, m increased at $10^{circ}C$ and $-10^{circ}C$, snd decreased at $-30^{circ}C$ and $-50^{circ}C$ following the increment of stress ratio R. And m increased along with the reduction of temperature greatly decreased at $-30^{circ}C$ to come close to two(2).

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.100-111
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• 1990

In this paper, fatigue tests were carried out at stress test levels of 461 MPa, 441 MPa, and 431 MPa by using smooth specimen of$2_{1/4}$ Cr-1 Mo steel with the stress ratio(R) of 0.05. The initiation, growth and coalescense process of the major cracks and sub-cracks among the fatigue cracks on the smooth specimen are investigated and measured under each stress level at a constant cycle ratio by the replica technique with optical microscope. Some of the important results are as follows: In spite of the difference of stress levels, the major crack data gather into a small band in the curve of surface crack length and crack depth against cycle ratio N/Nf. The sub-crack data, however, deviate from the band of the major crack. The growth rates, da/dN, of major and sub-crack plotted against the stress intensity factor range, ${\Delta}K$, have the tendency to be compressed on a relatively small band. But it is more effective to predict fatigue life through major cracks. The propagation behavior of surface microcracks on the smooth specimens coincides with that of the specimen having an artificial small surface defect or through crack.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 1997

Fatigue crack propagation behaviors and life prediction for SUS 321 plate and its electron beam weld metal were investigated using compact tension specimens. The larger the stress ratio is, the faster the crack propagates, but the variation of crack propagation rate decreases. The effect of stress ratio is greater in the slow crack propagation area than in the faster one. The crack propagation rate of electron beam weld metal is faster than that of base metal because of hardening, weld defect and residual stress in welding area. The crack propagation rate of transverse weld metal has a lower than that of base metal due to the effect of residual stress, but in the time of passing through welding area, has a higher rate. The crack propagation rate using $\Delta$K$_{eff}$ can be well plotted regardless of stress ratio. The fatigue life prediction method of considering crack closure more exactly predicts fatigue life than conventional one. conventional one.e.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 낙동강 유역에 분포하는 모래와 실트를 대상으로 실트 함유량에 따른 모래의 비배수 반복전단강도 특성을 파악하기 위하여 이방압밀비($K_c$=1.0, 1.5, 2.0)를 달리하여 일련의 비배수 반복삼축시험을 실시하였다. 시험결과 모든 $K_c$에서 실트 함유량이 증가함에 따라 반복전단응력비(CSR)가 감소하였으며, $K_c$가 증가할수록 실트 함유량 증가에 의한 CSR의 감소가 더 크게 나타났다. 전단시 발생되는 과잉간극수압은 $K_c$에 관계없이 실트 함유량 증가에 따라 초기 과잉간극수압이 크게 발생되어 CSR의 감소에 영향을 미쳤으며, 또한 압밀 후 시료의 skeleton 간극비를 산정하여 분석한 결과 실트 함유량 증가에 비례하여 전반적으로 skeleton 간극비가 크게 증가하여 초기 과잉간극수압의 증가와 더블어 CSR 감소의 주요원인으로 파악되었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.377-390
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• 2010

This paper studies fracture initiation direction of two parallel non-coplanar cracks of equal length. Using the dislocation pile-up modelling, singular integral equations for two parallel cracks subjected to mixed-mode loading are derived and the crack-tip field including singular and non-singular terms is obtained. The kinking angle is determined by using the maximum hoop stress criterion, or the ${\sigma}_{\theta}$-criterion. Results are presented for simple uniaxial tension and biaxial loading. The biaxiality ratio has a noticeable influence on crack growth direction. For the case of biaxial tension, when neglecting the T-stress the crack branching angle is overestimated for small crack inclination angles relative to the largest applied principal stress direction, and underestimated for large crack inclination angles.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.979-986
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• 2008

In this study, it enforced DMT test, CPTu test, laboratory consolidation test, because it estimated stress history of Gwangyang port marine clay. Through DMT test obtained Horizontal stress index($K_D$), predicted overconsolidation ratio by $K_D$. To compare empirical equation with laboratory consolidation test and CPTu test calculated OCR examined application. The result, Powell & Uglow(1988) method underestimated OCR value in comparison with Suggestion. Comparatively Byeon wi yong(2004) and Chang(1991) method seem to exactly predict in-situ stress states. Sugawara(1988) method of CPTu test seems to underestimate OCR.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1875-1882
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• 1993

Variable thickness plates are commonly used as structural members in the majority of industrial sectors. Previous fracture mechanics researches on variable thickness plates were limited to mode I loading cases. In practice, however, cracks are usually located inclined to the loading direction. In this respect, combined mode(mode I/II) stress intensity factors $K_{I}$ and $K_{II}$ at the crack tip for a variable thickness plate were obtained by 3-dimensional finite element analysis. Variable thickness plates containing a slant edge crack were chosen. The parameters used in this study were dimensionless crack $length{\lambda}$, slant $angle{\alpha}$, thickness $ratio{\beta}$ and width ratio{\omega}$. Stress intensity factors were calculated by crack opening displacement(COD) and crack sliding displacement(CSD)method proposed by Ingraffea and Manu.