• 제목/요약/키워드: stress indices

검색결과 339건 처리시간 0.029초

Influences of guideway geometry parameters and track irregularity on dynamic performances of suspended monorail vehicle-guideway system

  • He, Qinglie;Yang, Yun;Cai, Chengbiao;Zhu, Shengyang
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제82권1호
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 2022
  • This work elaborately investigates the influences of the guideway geometry parameters and track irregularity on the dynamic performances of the suspended monorail vehicle-guideway system (SMVGS). Firstly, a spatial dynamic analysis model of the SMVGS is established by adopting ANSYS parameter design language. Then, the dynamic interaction between a vehicle with maximum design load and guideway is investigated by numerical simulation and field tests, revealing the vehicle-guideway dynamic features. Subsequently, the influences of the guideway geometry parameters and track irregularity on the dynamic performances of the SMVGS are analyzed and discussed in detail, and the reasonable ranges of several key geometry parameters of the guideway are also obtained. Results show that the vehicle-guideway dynamic responses change nonlinearly with an increase of the guideway span, and especially the guideway dynamic performances can be effectively improved by reducing the guideway span; based on a comprehensive consideration of all performance indices of the SMVGS, the deflection-span ratio of the suspended monorail guideway is finally recommended to be 1/1054~1/868. The train load could cause a large bending deformation of the pier, which would intensify the car-body lateral displacement and decrease the vehicle riding comfort; to well limit the bending deformation of the pier, its cross-section dimension is suggested to be more than 0.8 m×0.8 m. The addition of the track irregularity amplitude has small influences on the displacements and stress of the guideway; however, it would significantly increase the vehicle-guideway vibrations and rate of load reduction of the driving tyre.

Effect of methyl donors supplementation on performance, immune responses and anti-oxidant variables in broiler chicken fed diet without supplemental methionine

  • Savaram, Venkata Rama Rao;Mantena, Venkata Lakshmi Narasimha Raju;Bhukya, Prakash;Paul, Shyam Sunder;Devanaboyina, Nagalakshmi
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.475-483
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    • 2022
  • Objective: Methionine (Met) is involved in methyl group transfer besides protein synthesis. As the availability is limited and cost is high for synthetic Met, reductions in its inclusion in broiler diet may be possible by supplementing the low Met diets with methyl donors (MD) like betaine (Bet), folic acid (FA), vitamin B12 (B12), and biotin (Bio). An experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplementing the MD on performance (average daily gain [ADG], daily feed intake, feed efficiency [FE]), anti-oxidant variables, immune responses and serum protein concentration in broilers fed sub-optimal concentrations of dietary Met. Methods: Maize-soybean meal diet was used as control (CD). Different MD like Bet (0.2%), B12 (0.1 mg), FA (4 mg), or Bio (1.5 mg/kg) were supplemented to basal diet (BD) having no supplemental Met. The BD without MD was kept for comparison. Each diet was fed ad libitum to 10 replicates of 25 chicks in each from 1 to 42 d of age. Results: At the end of experiment, the ADG in MD group was higher than BD and lower than CD. The FE improved with FA or Bet compared to the BD. Breast meat weight was higher in Bet compared to the BD, while it was intermediate between BD and CD in other groups. The lipid peroxidation reduced with Bio, B12, or Bet, while the glutathione peroxidase activity improved with Bio or B12 compared to the BD. Lymphocyte proliferation improved with Bet compared to the BD. The serum protein concentrations increased with FA, Bio, or Bet compared to those fed BD. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ADG can be improved partially with supplementation of MD while the FE improved with FA or Bet. Some MD also reduced the stress indices and improved immune responses compared to the BD fed broilers.

Evaluation of preslaughter losses, meat quality, and physiological characteristics of broilers in response to crating density for the standard of animal welfare and to seasonal differences

  • Myunghwan Yu;Elijah Ogola Oketch;Jun Seon Hong;Shan Randima Nawarathne;Yuldashboy Vohobjonov;Jung Min Heo
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.927-936
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    • 2022
  • The effects of seasonal differences and crating densities on the preslaughter losses, breast meat quality, and physiological indices of broilers were determined. A total of 600 broilers aged 35 days were divided into 10 treatment groups based on five crating densities (10.3, 11.5, 12.8, 14.1, 15.4 birds·m-2) with two seasons (i.e., summer and winter) to give six replicates and were placed at various locations in the truck. The birds were transported in crates having dimensions of 1.0 m × 0.78 m × 0.26 m. The transportation distance was 20 km for 40 minutes (average 30 - 50 km·h-1) during the early morning. The results revealed that broilers transported at densities of 14.1 and 15.4 birds·m-2 recorded lower (p < 0.05) pH, water-holding capacity (WHC), and muscle redness compared to those at densities of 11.5 birds·m-2. Furthermore, higher (p < 0.05) cooking loss was found in birds stocked at more than 14.1 birds·m-2 compared to the other treatments. However, no effect (p > 0.05) with different crating densities on body weight loss, carcass traits, glucose, lactate, or muscle yellowness was observed. Crating density of 14.1 birds·m-2 showed lower (p < 0.05) cortisol contents compared with birds at 10.3 and 15.4 birds·m-2. Winter transportation had higher (p < 0.05) relative breast meat weight, cooking loss, muscle redness, and cortisol contents whereas summer transportation had higher (p < 0.05) glucose and lactate contents in the blood plasma of broilers. In conclusion, the stocking of 12.8 birds·m-2 is recommended to minimize stress responses and undesirable changes that could negatively affect muscle quality.

Buckling of 2D FG Porous unified shear plates resting on elastic foundation based on neutral axis

  • Rabab, Shanab;Salwa, Mohamed;Mohammed Y., Tharwan;Amr E., Assie;Mohamed A., Eltaher
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제45권5호
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    • pp.729-747
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    • 2022
  • The critical buckling loads and buckling modes of bi-directional functionally graded porous unified higher order shear plate with elastic foundation are investigated. A mathematical model based on neutral axis rather than midplane is developed in comprehensive way for the first time in this article. The material constituents form ceramic and metal are graded through thickness and axial direction by the power function distribution. The voids and cavities inside the material are proposed by three different porosity models through the thickness of plate. The constitutive parameters and force resultants are evaluated relative to the neutral axis. Unified higher order shear plate theories are used to satisfy the zero-shear strain/stress at the top and bottom surfaces. The governing equilibrium equations of bi-directional functionally graded porous unified plate (BDFGPUP) are derived by Hamilton's principle. The equilibrium equations in the form of coupled variable coefficients partial differential equations is solved by using numerical differential integral quadrature method (DIQM). The validation of the present model is presented and compared with previous works for bucking. Deviation in buckling loads for both mid-plane and neutral plane are developed and discussed. The numerical results prove that the shear functions, distribution indices, boundary conditions, elastic foundation and porosity type have significant influence on buckling stability of BDFGPUP. The current mathematical model may be used in design and analysis of BDFGPU used in nuclear, mechanical, aerospace, and naval application.

Estimating pile setup parameter using XGBoost-based optimized models

  • Xigang Du;Ximeng Ma;Chenxi Dong;Mehrdad Sattari Nikkhoo
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.259-276
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    • 2024
  • The undrained shear strength is widely acknowledged as a fundamental mechanical property of soil and is considered a critical engineering parameter. In recent years, researchers have employed various methodologies to evaluate the shear strength of soil under undrained conditions. These methods encompass both numerical analyses and empirical techniques, such as the cone penetration test (CPT), to gain insights into the properties and behavior of soil. However, several of these methods rely on correlation assumptions, which can lead to inconsistent accuracy and precision. The study involved the development of innovative methods using extreme gradient boosting (XGB) to predict the pile set-up component "A" based on two distinct data sets. The first data set includes average modified cone point bearing capacity (qt), average wall friction (fs), and effective vertical stress (σvo), while the second data set comprises plasticity index (PI), soil undrained shear cohesion (Su), and the over consolidation ratio (OCR). These data sets were utilized to develop XGBoost-based methods for predicting the pile set-up component "A". To optimize the internal hyperparameters of the XGBoost model, four optimization algorithms were employed: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Social Spider Optimization (SSO), Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA), and Sine Cosine Optimization Algorithm (SCOA). The results from the first data set indicate that the XGBoost model optimized using the Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (XGB - AOA) achieved the highest accuracy, with R2 values of 0.9962 for the training part and 0.9807 for the testing part. The performance of the developed models was further evaluated using the RMSE, MAE, and VAF indices. The results revealed that the XGBoost model optimized using XGBoost - AOA outperformed other models in terms of accuracy, with RMSE, MAE, and VAF values of 0.0078, 0.0015, and 99.6189 for the training part and 0.0141, 0.0112, and 98.0394 for the testing part, respectively. These findings suggest that XGBoost - AOA is the most accurate model for predicting the pile set-up component.

Free vibration analysis of Bi-Directional Functionally Graded Beams using a simple and efficient finite element model

  • Zakaria Belabed;Abdeldjebbar Tounsi;Abdelmoumen Anis Bousahla;Abdelouahed Tounsi;Mohamed Bourada;Mohammed A. Al-Osta
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제90권3호
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    • pp.233-252
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    • 2024
  • This research explores a new finite element model for the free vibration analysis of bi-directional functionally graded (BDFG) beams. The model is based on an efficient higher-order shear deformation beam theory that incorporates a trigonometric warping function for both transverse shear deformation and stress to guarantee traction-free boundary conditions without the necessity of shear correction factors. The proposed two-node beam element has three degrees of freedom per node, and the inter-element continuity is retained using both C1 and C0 continuities for kinematics variables. In addition, the mechanical properties of the (BDFG) beam vary gradually and smoothly in both the in-plane and out-of-plane beam's directions according to an exponential power-law distribution. The highly elevated performance of the developed model is shown by comparing it to conceptual frameworks and solution procedures. Detailed numerical investigations are also conducted to examine the impact of boundary conditions, the bi-directional gradient indices, and the slenderness ratio on the free vibration response of BDFG beams. The suggested finite element beam model is an excellent potential tool for the design and the mechanical behavior estimation of BDFG structures.

Structural RC computer aided intelligent analysis and computational performance via experimental investigations

  • Y.C. Huang;M.D. TuMuli Lulios;Chu-Ho Chang;M. Nasir Noor;Jen-Chung Shao;Chien-Liang Chiu;Tsair-Fwu Lee;Renata Wang
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제90권3호
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    • pp.253-261
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    • 2024
  • This research explores a new finite element model for the free vibration analysis of bi-directional functionally graded (BDFG) beams. The model is based on an efficient higher-order shear deformation beam theory that incorporates a trigonometric warping function for both transverse shear deformation and stress to guarantee traction-free boundary conditions without the necessity of shear correction factors. The proposed two-node beam element has three degrees of freedom per node, and the inter-element continuity is retained using both C1 and C0 continuities for kinematics variables. In addition, the mechanical properties of the (BDFG) beam vary gradually and smoothly in both the in-plane and out-of-plane beam's directions according to an exponential power-law distribution. The highly elevated performance of the developed model is shown by comparing it to conceptual frameworks and solution procedures. Detailed numerical investigations are also conducted to examine the impact of boundary conditions, the bi-directional gradient indices, and the slenderness ratio on the free vibration response of BDFG beams. The suggested finite element beam model is an excellent potential tool for the design and the mechanical behavior estimation of BDFG structures.

고창 갯벌에서 중국산 및 충남산 바지락의 성장, 비만도 및 폐사 특성 비교 (Comparison of growth, condition index and mortality of manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) between originated from China (Liaoning Dandong) and Chungnam (Taean) in Gochang tidal flats)

  • 안현미;기훈종;정희도;이희중;한형균;박광재;송재희
    • 한국패류학회지
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.175-184
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는, 고창갯벌에 가을에 이식한 중국산 종패를 1년간 양식 후 이듬해 가을에 전량 채취하지 않으면 월동중인 2월부터 죽기 시작하여 봄철에는 전량 폐사한다는 현지 어업인의 애로사항을 토대로, 고창갯벌에서 중국산과 충남산 종패를 같은 어장에 이식하여 양식시험을 실시하여 종패 차이로 인한 양식생산성의 차이 유무를 진단하고, 차이가 있을 경우 적합한 양식관리 방안 도출을 위하여 2014년 4월부터 2015년 8월까지 수행하였다. 이식 중에 공기 중에서 약 5일의 운반과정을 거치는 중국산 종패는 이식 1개월 이내에 20% 이상의 폐사가 발생하여 초기 손실이 컸으나, 종패 산지에서 채취 후 다음날 시험어장에 입식한 충남산 종패는 이식초기에 약 7%의 폐사가 발생하였다. 2015년에는 2014년에 비해 여름철 강수량은 감소하고 6월 중순 이후 급격한 기온 상승 등으로 인해 중국산과 충청산 모두 폐사가 급증하는 결과를 보였다. 바지락의 성장면에서는 이식초기에 장기간 절식 및 공기 중 노출 등 많은 스트레스를 받은 중국산에 비해 짧은 이식 시간 및 환경적응에 상대적으로 유리한 충청산이 이식 1년차의 성장에서 우수한 결과를 보였다. 중국산 바지락의 비만도는 시험 1년차에는 6월에 최고치에 도달 후 7월에 급격한 감소를 보인 반면 2년차에는 5월에 최고치에 도달 후 6월부터 8월 사이에 지속적으로 감소하였다. 한편, 충남산의 비만도는 시험 1년차에는 5월에, 시험 2년차에는 4월에 각각 최고치에 도달 후 감소함으로써 바지락의 비만도에 가장 큰 영향을 줄 수 있는 생식소 발달 및 산란시기가 중국산과 충청산에 약간의 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 중국산은 대개 가을에 성패를 채취하지만 부득이 월동할 경우에는 이듬해 5월까지는 채취하는 것이 폐사에 의한 손실을 줄일 수 있는 방법으로 판단된다. 한편, 고창 어업인들 사이에서는 충청산 바지락이 중국산에 비해 봄부터 가을까지 성장이나 비만도면에서 떨어진다는 의견이 지배적이었지만 본 연구에서는 산란 직후인 7월과 월동중인 12월부터 2월 사이를 제외한 나머지 기간에는 충청산이 전반적으로 우수하거나 비슷한 결과를 나타낸 점도 유의할 만하다. 본 연구는 고창갯벌의 동일지점에서 종패의 원산지 차이가 양식 생산성에 영향을 주는지를 구명하기 위하여 약 18개월간 수행되었으나 원산지가 다른 두 지역의 바지락이 양식기간이 경과하면서 새로운 환경에 충분히 적응하는 지를 밝히기 위해서는 치패 단계부터 성패단계까지 최소한 3년 이상의 시험기간이 필요한 것으로 생각된다.

족관절 골절에서 전하 경비 인대 견열 골절의 진단과 골편 고정술을 위한 전산화 단층 촬영의 유용성 (The usefulness of CT for the diagnosis and the fragment fixation of anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament avulsion fracture in ankle fracture)

  • 나화엽;조국희;정유훈
    • 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.78-85
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    • 2011
  • 목적: 족관절 골절에서 전하 경비 인대 견열 골절의 진단 및 골편 고정술을 위한 전산화 단층 촬영의 유용성을 알고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2006년 7월부터 2010년 7월까지 본원에서 단순 방사선 검사 및 전산화 단층 촬영을 시행하여 수술한 족관절 골절 환자 108명을 후향적으로 연구하였다. 전하 경비 인대 견열 골절이 동반된 환자 19명과 대조군 89명으로 나누어, Lauge-Hansen 분류, 수상 시 힘의 양, 원위 경비 인대 결합 손상의 방사선학적 지표를 비교하였다. 두 군의 평균 추시 기간은 각각 25개월 및 23개월이었다. 전체 환자 중 수술 시 부하 검사에 족관절 불안정성으로 전하 경비 인대 견열 골절의 골편을 고정한 환자 8명과 횡나사 경비 고정술을 한 환자 11명의 최종 추시 시 임상적, 방사선학적 결과를 비교하였다. 결과: 전하 경비 인대 견열 골절이 동반된 환자 19명 중 전산화 단층 촬영에서만 발견된 환자가 14명이었다. 전하 경비 인대 견열 골절이 있는 환자가 없는 환자에 비해 회내-외회전에 의한 손상, 고 에너지 손상, 원위 경비 인대 결합 손상에 대한 방사선학적 지표에 해당하는 경우가 유의하게 많았다. 전하 경비 인대 견열 골절의 골편을 고정한 환자와 횡나사 경비 고정술을 한 환자 모두 최종 추시 상 만족할 만한 결과를 보였고 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론: 회내-외회전, 고 에너지 손상, 방사선학적 지표 상 원위 경비 인대 결합 손상에 해당하는 족관절 골절 환자에서 전하 경비 인대 견열 골절의 유무를 알기 위해 전산화 단층 촬영하는 것이 도움이 되며 전하 경비 인대 견열 골절이 있는 경우 골편을 직접 고정하는 것이 원위 경비 인대 결합 손상의 치료에 유용한 방법 중 하나로 생각된다.

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유공충을 이용한 동해의 환경 안정성 연구 (Study of Environmental Stability of the East Sea by Foraminiferal Distribution)

  • 신임철;이희일
    • 한국해양학회지:바다
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    • 제3권4호
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    • pp.234-248
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    • 1998
  • 동해의 해양투기장 해역에 버려진 폐기물이 환경에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 동해 남부해역에 위치한 해양투기장 해역(정점 B, B')과 부산 동쪽의 외해에 위치한 해양투기장 해역(정점 J, J') 및 인근 지역(정점 J2, J6, H)에서 채취한 박스코아의 퇴적물에 함유된 유공충을 연구하였다. 유공충의 종다양성지수[S, H(S), E]와 부유성 및 저서성 유공충의 수는 해양투기장 해역과 인근 해역에서 차이를 보인다. 동해 남부해역에 위치한 해양투기장 해역 B와 B' 에서는 유공충의 종수가 작으며, 조립질 퇴적물의 양과 저서성 및 부유성 유공충의 수 또한 주변 해역에 비해 작은 값을 보인다. 부산 동쪽의 외해에 위치한 투기장 해역 J'에서는 인근의 다른 지역과는 다르게 비정상적으로 매우 많은 저서성(약 300,000 개체/10 g 건조시료) 및 부유성(약 300,000 개체/10 g 건조시료) 유공충이 나타난다. 아마도 투기된 폐기물이 영양분의 역할을 했을 것이다. J 해역은 B, B' 해역과 마찬가지로 다른 해역에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 종다양성지수[S, H(S)]를 보인다. 또한 J 해역의 코아 퇴적물에서는 저서성 유공충의 수가 코아 표층에서 코아 하부로 갈수록 감소한다. 이러한 사실은 J 해역이 스트레스를 받고 있는 환경임을 의미한다. J', J2, J6 해역은 매우 높은 종다양성지수[S, H(S)]를 보이는데, 이는 이들 해역이 매우 안정된 환경임을 의미한다. 투기장 및 인근 해역에서 병에 걸리거나 스트레스가 극심한 환경에서 나타나는 이상격실(abnormal chamber)을 가진 유공충은 발견되지 않았다. 또한 투기장 해역에 버려진 폐기물의 유기분해가 저층수를 부식성으로 바꿀만큼 강하지 않았다.

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