• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1197-1203
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate serum lipids and antioxidant vitamins status of male patients with cerebrovascular disease. The study consisted of 16 hospital patients(57.8$\pm$13.7 years) at 3 General Hospitals in Taegu who suffer from cerebrovascular disease and 21 healthy adults(55.5$\pm$7.2 years). The results were as follows: The systolic blood pressure of the patients(150.0$\pm$13.7mmHg) was sig nificantly higher than healthy control(126.0$\pm$17.4mmHg). In patients the percentages of drinking alcohol(more than 5 times/week) and smoking were also higher. And the patients had more stress than control. Total calorie, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin B1 and niacin intakes were significantly lower in the patients. The energy nutrients consumption reached the recommended level in all subjects who were investigated. HDL cholesterol(24.99 vs 37.86mg/dl) and vitamin E(12.94 vs 20.88mg/L) level showed significantly lower, but triglyceride level(175.50 vs 117.69mg/dl), total cholesterol/HDL cho lesterol(6.22 vs 4.39) and atherogenic index(5.22 vs 3.39) were significantly higher in the patient group. Therefore, it might be expected that refraining from drinking alcohol and smoking, and that having proper exercise and certain other healthy living habits which can decrease stress in addition suitable consumption of antioxidant vitamins can prevent the occurrence of cerebrovascular disease.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.61-69
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• 2018

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a relatively common, but greatly underdiagnosed sleep-related breathing disorder, characterized by recurrent collapse of the upper airway during sleep. OSA has been associated with a variety of cardiometabolic disease, such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmia, cerebrovascular disease and metabolic dysfunction. Neurocognitive impairment, including excessive daytime sleepiness, increased risk of motor vehicle accidents, is also related to OSA. Sleep fragmentation and related arousals during sleep lead to intermittent hypoxia, sympathetic activation, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation which provide biological plausibility to this pathologic mechanism. Extensive studies demonstrated that OSA is a modifiable risk factor for the above mentioned diseases and oral appliances (OAs), although continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) is a first-line therapy of OSA, are not inferior to CPAP at least in mild OSA, and may be an alternative to CPAP in CPAP-intolerant subjects with OSA. The goal of this article is to provide a current knowledge of pathologic link between OSA and cardiovascular disease, focusing on intermittent hypoxia, sympathetic activation, oxidative stress and metabolic dysregulation. Then, previous epidemiologic studies will be reviewed to understand the causal relationship between OSA and cardiovascular disease. Finally, the effects of OAs will be updated via recent metaanalyses compared to CPAP.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.297-305
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• 2022

The presence of artificial light enables humans to be active 24 h a day. Many people across the globe live in a social culture that encourages staying up late to meet the demands of various activities, such as work and school. Sleep deprivation (SD) is a severe health problem in modern society. Meanwhile, as with cardiometabolic disease, there was an obvious tendency that coronary heart disease (CHD) to become a global epidemic chronic disease. Specifically, SD can significantly increase the morbidity and mortality of CHD. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the effects of SD on CHD are multilayered and complex. Inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and endothelial function all contribute to cardiovascular lesions. In this review, the effects of SD on CHD development are summarized, and SD-related pathogenesis of coronary artery lesions is discussed. In general, early assessment of SD played a vital role in preventing the harmful consequences of CHD.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.126-135
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of entrance exam stress on oral health behaviors and subjective oral health status in female high school students. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was administered to 216 female high school students in the Gwangju area. We performed an independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: The average of the entrance exam stress was 2.73, and among the sub-areas, the tension for exam/poor stress was the highest with 3.21. As a result of analysis of general characteristics and subjective oral health status, oral mucosal disease was lower in family income level (p<0.05), bad breath was significantly higher with lower academic performance (p<0.001) and family income level (p<0.05). As a result of oral health behavior and subjective oral health status analysis, dental caries has more than 4 times of caries snacks (per week) (p<0.05), bad breath was found to be more perceived when the average number of daily brushing was 2 or less (p<0.01). Factors affecting subjective oral health status were that dental caries was a patients pressure stress (β=0.202); temporomandibular disorder (β=0.227), xerostomia (β=0.342), and oral mucosal disease (β=0.190) were insufficient spare time; bad breath was academic performance (lower) (β=0.231) and insufficient spare time (β=0.184). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the subjective oral health status and the subarea of entrance exam stress, excluding future uncertainty stress. Conclusion: It is considered that oral health education should be conducted to prevent oral diseases for students with high parental pressure and insufficient spare time stress as well as finding practical ways to reduce entrance stress.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate degree of stress level in CCU patients, and to give a baseline data in developing nursing intervention program to reduce the stress. Method: Subjects of this study were the 100 hospitalized patients of C University Hospital in Seoul City from February to December 2003. The collected data was analyzed by using the SAS program: t-test, Scheff$\acute{e}$ test, and ANOVA analysis were employed to find differences in stress level. Result: The highest stress factor was 'Concern', and next were 'Dependency & limitation', 'Uncertainty', 'Treatment procedure', 'Sleep disturbance', 'Environment' in order. The perceived stress level of CCU patients was 1.65 scores; the highest scored item was 'have to void urine and feces on the bed', next were 'have to use the toilet bowel lying on the bed' in order. The stress level according to characteristics of the subjects was significantly different with the marital status, the presence of religion, the hospitalized days, the economic status, and the admission experience. Conclusion: The stress level of patients in the coronary care unit was high in concern of a disease, family and economic state, in limitation and dependency, and in uncertainty about prognosis of a disease. Further researches are necessary to develop and apply the intervention method of reducing stress level of CCU patients. In addition studies on family members of CCU patients are also recommended.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.60-61
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• 2006

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.136-147
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare the degree of depression between men and women and to identify factors influencing their depression. Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional descriptive study were 263 persons over 65 years old (men: 103, women: 160). Data were collected through face to face interviews using questionnaires and were done in two urban areas in 2010. Research instruments utilized in this study were SGDS, MMSE-K, SRH, FILE, sleep pattern scale, family and friend support scale, and social support scale. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing depression in elders. Results: The proportions of participants with depression were significantly different between men and women (52.4% vs. 67.5%). Regression model for depression in elderly men significantly accounted for 54%; disease stress (32%), economic stress (10%), perceived health status (4%), and family support, educational level, age, and hypertension. Regression model for depression in elderly women significantly accounted for 47%; disease stress (25%), perceived social loneliness (8%), friend support (5%), family stress (4%), and sleep satisfaction, and family support. Conclusion: Results demonstrate that depression is an important health problem for elders, and show gender differences for factors influencing depression. These results could be used in the developing depression prevention programs.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.319-328
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between thoracic scoliosis and gastroenteric disorder. In this article, We surveyed sixty two patients and investigated through a questionnaire the health and meal habits, digestive trouble levels, stress levels(BEPSI-K), and the stress response index(SRI). Participants were classified according to each group in over $10^{\circ}$(vertebral scoliosis), under $10^{\circ}$(functional scoliosis) and made a diagnosis of X-ray of scoliosis grade. The data was took statistics on two group by independent t-test, chi-square test with SPSS/PC+ 10.0 program. The statistically significance was a p＜.05 and the following results were obtained； 1. In general characteristics, The thoracic scoliosis was as many as women, weight 50∼60kg, height 160∼170cm, married person. 2. Relations between health and meal habit with thoracic scoliosis was not statistically significant(p＞.05). 3. Relations between thoracic scoliosis and digestive trouble level was statistically significance (p＜.05). 4. Relations between thoracic scoliosis and incidence rate of internal disease was statistically significant(p＜.05). 5. Relations between thoracic scoliosis and stress(BEPSI-K) was statistically significant(p＜.05). 6. Relations between thoracic scoliosis and stress(SRI) was statistically significant(p＜.05). These results lead us to the conclusion that thoracic scoliosis influences digestive trouble, incidence rate of internal disease and stress. However, there results are not easy to explain because of the limitations of a few subjects and a single comparison. Therefore, further research on this study thoroughgoing inspection would clarify the association of thoracic scoliosis and gastroenteric disorders.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.441-453
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• 2012

Purpose: This secondary data analysis study was aimed at identifying the factors related to the patterns of alcohol use (normal alcohol use, hazardous alcohol use, and alcohol dependence) in the Korean adult. Methods: This study analyzed the cross-sectional data from 230,715 Korean adults aged 19 year and older who participated in the 2009 Korean Community Health Survey. Multinomial logistic regression was used to uncover associations between demographic, health related factors and the patterns of alcohol use. Results: The patterns of alcohol use was differentiated from the sociodemographic variables (residential area, gender, age, marital status, educational level, monthly income, and occupation) and with health related factors (smoking status, hours of sleep, body mass index, pain or discomfort, subjective health, stress level, liver disease, cardio/cerebro vascular disease, and depression). Hazardous alcohol use was lower in rural areas and lower among women, but higher among people who smoke, reported severe stress, and/or depression. Similarly, alcohol dependence was lower among women and among those in rural areas, and was more likely associated with those who smoke, have severe stress and depression. Conclusion: A number of factors are associated with patterns of drinking. Smoking, severe stress and depression seems to confound the problems of alcohol use. Additional research is needed to isolate those factors that are the most important influencing the use of alcohol.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.420-429
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• 2023

This study was designed to examine the immune response in Korean rockfish during water temperature fluctuation and to elucidate the factors contributing to streptococcal pathogenesis in cultured Korean rockfish, S. schlegeli. We investigated cumulative mortality against Streptococcus iniae (FP5228 strain) infection in the exposed Korean rockfish (39.7±5.8 g) to environmentally relevant temperature (Control, 23℃; High temperature, 28℃ and 23℃ and 28℃ with 12 hours interval exchange, 23↔28℃) for 48 hours. Also, the expression of the mRNA related to the immune response genes (heat shock protein 70, interleukin1β, lysozyme g-type and thioredoxin-like 1) were measured in spleen and head kidney by real-time PCR analysis in the exposed fish to thermal stress. In this study, the combined stress with bacterial challenge in fishes exposed to thermal stress lowered the survival rate than that of control (23℃). The cumulative mortality in the group of control, 28℃ and 23↔28℃ was 24%, 24% and 40% (P<0.05), respectively. Also, thermal stress modulated the mRNA level of immune related genes; heat shock protein 70, interleukin-1β, lysozyme g-type and thioredoxin-like 1 in Korean rockfish. The present study indicates that a high and sudden water temperature change affect immune responses and reduce the disease resistance in Korean rockfish.