• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제38권7호
• /
• pp.951-957
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 추출용매의 농도에 따른 추출수율 및 항균성을 측정하였으며 항산화 활성과 항균활성의 상관관계를 검토하고, 분획 용매에 따른 치아우식균에 대한 항균성 등을 측정하여 천연 항균제인 인삼추출물의 치아우식 예방에의 이용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 실시하였다. 백삼 원료의 수분 함량은 20%, 배럴온도는 $100^{\circ}C$, $140^{\circ}C$ 두 조건으로 압출성형 하였다. 항균성 측정 결과 디스크 확산법은 S. mutans보다 L. casei 균에 대한 저해율이 높았으며 60% Et-OH 추출물이 항균활성이 컸다. GTase 또한 디스크 확산법과 같이 60% Et-OH에서 S. mutans에 대한 우수한 저해효과를 보였다. 반대로 최소저해농도 측정에서는 Et-OH 농도 80%가 60%보다 모든 인삼추출물에서 항균활성이 높게 나타났고 인삼추출물의 농도가 높아질수록 저해율도 증가하였다. L.casei 균에 대한 저해율은 대부분 150 mg/mL 농도부터 저해가 진행되었지만 $140^{\circ}C$ 압출성형 백삼은 100 mg/mL 농도부터 저해가 진행되면서 높은 저해효과를 보였다. 분획 용매에 따라서는 n-butanol과 n-hexane 추출물에서 항균성을 보였으며 사포닌과 함께 페놀계 화합물이 용출되면서 n-butanol 분획의 항균활성이 증가한 것으로 사료된다.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.331-341
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 기능성 지표물질 확인을 위한 동양란 심비디움(Cymbidium) 향기 성분 비교 분석을 목적으로 하며, GC/MS 방법을 사용하여 한국춘란(Cymbidium goerigii L.), 중국춘란(C. forrestii R.)과 일경구화(C. faberi R.)의 향기성분을 비교 분석하였다. 분석은 한국춘란으로 '민춘란', '주금화', 중국춘란으로 '취개', '송매', '용자', 일경구화로 '최매', '남양매', '화자'등을 사용하였다. GC/MS 방법을 통해 검출된 성분들을 peak area(%)값 분석을 사용하여 3%이상의 주요 향기성분으로 분류하였다. 향기 성분 분석 결과 한국춘란에서는 유방암, 자궁경부암, 교모세포종암에 세포독성 기능성을 가진 ${\alpha}$-bergamotene과, 인체 간암 세포(HepG2)의 사멸과 성장 억제, 항진균제 및 바베스열원충, 충치균에 대한 억제 기능성을 가진 nerolidol이 가장 많았다. 중국 춘란에서는 nerolidol과 악성 흑색종 세포(B16-F10), 인체 간암 세포와 백혈병 세포(HL-60, K562)의 사멸과 억제 등의 기능성을 가진 ${\beta}$-bisabolene이 가장 많았다. 일경구화에서는 교모세포종(SF-767)의 억제와 간암세포주(BEL-7402)에 소염작용 억제 효과를 가진 ${\alpha}$-pinene, 위장 보호 효과 기능을 가진 1,8-cineole과 페로몬의 기능을 가진 1,3,7-octatriene이 가장 많았다. 이상에서 동양란의 주요 향기 성분으로 밝혀진 물질들은 인간에게 유익한 다양한 기능성을 갖고 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.665-683
• /
• 2002

A novel glucanhydrolase from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 has additional amylase activity besides mutanolytic activity and has been suggested as promising anti-plaque agent. It has been shown effective in hydrolysis of mutan, reduction of mutan formation by Streptococcus mutans and removal pre-formed sucrose-dependent adherent microbial film and has been strongly bound to hydroxyapatitie. These in vitro properties of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent. In human experimental gingivitis　model and 6 month clinical trial, mouthrinsing with Lipomyces　starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase was comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash in inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effect was negligible. This study was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase on human gingival fibroblasts. Primary culture of human gingival fibroblasts at the 4th to 6th passages were used. Glucanhydrolase solution was made from lyophilized glucanhydrolase powder from a mutant of Lipomyces stakeyi KSM 22 solved in PBS and added to DMEM medium to the final concentration of 0.5, 1, and 2 unit. Cells were exposed to glucanhydrolase solution or 0.1 % chlorhexidine and the cells cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS and 1% antibiotics as control. After exposure, the morphological change, cell attachment, and cell activity by MTT assay were evaluated in 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 24 hours after treatment. The cell proliferation and cell activity was also evaluated at 2 and 7 days after 1 minute exposure, twice a day. The cell morphology was similar between the Lipomyces smkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase groups and control group during the incubation periods, while most fibroblasts remained as round cell regardless of incubation time in the chlorhexidine group. The numbers of the attached cells in the glucanhydrolase groups were comparable to that of control and significantly higher than the chlorhexidine group. The numbers of the proliferated cells in the glucanhydrolase groups at 7 days of incubation were comparable to the control group and higher than the chlorhexidine group. The cell activity in glucanhydrolase groups paralleled with the increased cell number by attachment and proliferation. According to these results, Lipomyces starkeyj KSM 22 glucanhydrolase has little harmful effect on attachment and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts, in contrast to 0.1% chlorhexidine which was cytotoxic to human gingival fibroblasts. Therefore this glucanhydrolase preparation is considered as a safe and promising agent for new mouthwash formula in the near future.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제18권12호
• /
• pp.1644-1650
• /
• 2008

티트리 에센셜 오일은 호주 원주민들의 전통적인 피부 소독제나 치료제로 널리 사용되어 왔으며, 항균효과와 주요성분 등 많은 보고가 있으나 추출 방법이나 사용 부위 등에 따라 효능의 차이를 보인다. 본 연구에서는 아로마테라피 등에 현재 많이 이용되고 있는 시판 티트리 오일의 성분과 효능을 평가하여, 다른 에센셜 오일과의 비교 이용을 용이하게 하고자 하였다. 티트리 오일의 주요성분은 GC-MS 분석에 의하여 ${\beta}$-terpinene (20.87%), ${\alpha}$-pinene (17.60%), p-cymene (11.23%), 3-carene (10.40%), trans-anethole (8.47%), limonene (4.65%)으로 밝혀졌으며, 5% 이하의 농도에서 3시간 미만까지는 피부세포에 독성이 없었다. 오일의 라디컬 소거능을 알아본 결과, DPPH와 ABTS의 양라디컬에 대하여 강한 소거능을 나타내어 강한 항산화능을 시사했다. 또한, 오일의 direct contact와 vapor-phase의 항균활성을 disc diffusion법으로 스크리닝 한 결과, direct contact 활성의 경우 그람음성균에 대하여 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, vapor는 S. aureus에 대하여 강한 효과를 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 실제 많이 사용되는 티트리 오일의 성분과 생물활성을 측정함으로써 허브 오일들의 정확한 선택과 활용을 위한 기본적인 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.230-236
• /
• 1998

충치 원인균인 S. mutans가 생산하는 불용성, 부착성 glucan 합성효소인 GTase의 활성을 저해하는 물질을 생약재로 부터 탐색, 개발하여 기능성 식품 또는 의약품의 소재로 응용하는 것을 목적으로 연구를 수행하였다. 32종의 생약재 추출물에 대하여 GTase 저해활성을 측정한 결과, 후박피에서 가장 높은 활성이 관찰되었다. 후박피 추출물에 대하여 용매분획을 행한 결과 ethylacetate층에 대부분의 활성이 존재하였으므로, 이 획분을 silicagel column chromatography, prep. HPLC 등을 이용하여 더욱 분리, 정제하여 순수한 GTase 저해물질을 분리하였다. 이 물질의 분리수율은 0.013% (w/w)였다. 이 화합물을 UV, FAB-MS 및 NMR spectrometry 등을 이용하여 화학구조의 해석을 실시한 결과 이 물질은 coniferyl alcohol의 중합체로 lignan계 화합물인 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxylignan (분자량 330)으로 확인되었다. 이 화합물은 후박피에서는 최초로 확인된 물질이다. 또한 충치 원인균인 S. mutans를 포함한 11종의 구강 미생물에 대한 항균성을 검토한 결과 비교 화합물에 비해 비교적 강력한 활성$(MIC;\;31.3\;{\mu}g/ml)$이 나타났다. 지금까지 후박피는 반하후박탕, 후박삼물탕 등 한방약재의 중요한 원료로 이용되어 왔으며, 복통의 치료효과 및 건위 작용 등이 알려져 있다. 또한 후박피 중에는 diphenyl계 화합물인 magnolol 및 honokiol등이 함유되어 있어 이들 물질이 건위작용을 돕는 것으로 알려져 있을 뿐이다. 따라서 이번에 새롭게 확인된 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxylignan이 충치 예방효과를 지니고 있다는 사실은 금후 산업적 응용면에서도 매우 중요한 결과로 여겨져 지속적인 연구가 기대된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to gather basic data on the restoration and extent of Don tea (a coin-shaped tea), the traditional tea of Korea. We examined the physicochemical components and anti-microbial activity of Don tea extracts at 0, 5 and 10 months. The Hunter value $L^*$, of Don tea extracts which were matured for 10 months decreased from 7.01 to 4.97 compared to that when the extracts were first manufactured. However, the $b^*$ value increased from 0.09 to 2.67. There were higher contents of inorganic matter in Don tea extracts following manufacture in the order of K (14.12 mg/100 mL), Mg (0.94 mg/100 mL), P (0.88 mg/100 mL), Ca (0.16 mg/100 mL) and Mn (0.16 mg/100 mL). Classified catechins contents were found in the order of C (19.97 mg/100 mL), EGC (9.30 mg/100 mL), ECG (9.02 mg/100 mL), GCG (8.50 mg/100 mL), GC (7.61 mg/100 mL) and CG (5.63 mg/100 mL). The longer the maturation period of the Don tea extracts, the lower the contents of inorganic matter and catechins. However, this did not apply to the total phenol contents, particularly in the phenol contents of Don tea extracts matured for 10 months which increased by 93.82 mg/l00 mL. Don tea extracts which were matured for longer periods showed higher anti-microbial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus mutans. However, there were lower activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. Consequently, it was concluded that a shorter maturation period was required for the effective utilization of the inorganic matter, the catechins and the gram-negative bacteria in the Don tea extracts. However, a longer maturation period of 10 months was found to effectively utilize the total phenol compound contents and the gram-positive bacteria.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2012

Purpose: To examine the antibacterial effectiveness of silver nanoparticles (SNP) mixed with commercial orthodontic adhesives. Materials and Methods: SNP was prepared by dissolving silver perchlorate in an organic solvent and reducing it with ultraviolet radiation. SNP was then mixed with four commercial orthodontic adhesives (Light Bond, Blugloo, Transbond XT, and Fuji Ortho LC) (0.05 wt %), which were then formed into disc-shape specimens ($8.0mm{\times}3.0mm$). Commercial orthodontic adhesives containing no SNP were used as the control groups. Specimens of the four experimental and four control groups were incubated with streptococcus mutans and the medium turbidity was assessed at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours after incubation. The agar diffusion test was also performed to examine the growth inhibition zone of these groups. The data were statistically analyzed using a Wilcoxon rank sum test and t-test with a Bonferroni's correction (P<0.05). Result: The SNP containing groups had a superior antibacterial effect compared to the control groups. In the agar diffusion test, the control groups without SNP did not produce an inhibition zone, whereas the SNP containing groups showed inhibition zone of 10~13 mm. Conclusion: The incorporation of SNP into orthodontic adhesives can inhibit cariogenic bacterial growth.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.401-420
• /
• 2001

A novel glucanhydrolase from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi(KSM 22)has been shown effective in hydrolysis of mutan, reduction of mutan formation by Streptococcus mutans and removal pre-formed sucrose-dependent adherent microbial film and Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase has been strongly bound to hydroxyapatitie. These in vitro properties of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent. This study was performed to determine oral hygiene benefits and safety of dextranase(Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase)-containing mouthwash in human experimental gingivitis. This 3-week clinical trial was placebo-controlled double-blind design evaluating 1U/ml dextranase mouthwash and 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash. A total 39 systemically healthy subjects, who had moderate levels of plaque and gingivitis were included. At baseline, 1, 2 and 3 weeks, subjects were scored for plaque(Silness and $L{\ddot{o}e$ plaque index and plaque severity index), gingivitis($L{\ddot{o}e$ and Silness gingival index), and at baseline and 3 weeks of experiment, subjects were scored for plaque(Turesky-Quingley-Hein's plaque index and plaque severity index), tooth stain(Area and severity index system by Lang et al). Additionally, oral mucosal examinations were performed and subjects questioned for adverse symptoms. Two weeks after pre-experiment examinations and a professional prophylaxis, the subjects provided with allocated mousewash and instructed to use 20-ml volumes for 30s twice dailywithout toothbrushing. All the groups showed significant increase in plaque accumulation since 1 week of experiment. During 3 weeks' period, the dextranase group showed the least increase in plaque accumulation of Silness and $L{\ddot{o}e$ plaque index, compared to the chlorhexidine and placebo groups, but chlorhexidine group showed the least increase inplaque accumulation of Turesky-Quingley-Hein's plaque index. As for gingival inflammation, all the groups showed significant increase during 3 weeks of experiment. The dextranase group also showed the least increase in gingival index score, compared to the chlorhexidine as well as the placebo groups. Whereas the tooth stain was increased significantly in the chlorhexidine group, compared to the baseline score and the placebo group since 3 weeks of mouthrinsing. It was significantly increased after 3 weeks in the dextranase group, still less severe than the chlorhexidine group. As for the oral side effect, the dextranase group showed less tongue accumulation, bad taste, compared to the chlorhexidine group. From these results, mouthrinsing with Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase was comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwashin inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effects were if anything less frequent and less intense than chlorhexidine, in human experimental gingivitis. All data had provided positive evidence for Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase as an antiplaque agent and suggested that further development of dextranase formulations for plaque control are warranted.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.547-554
• /
• 2004

본 연구는 복합레진에서 치태 생성 에 영향을 주는 표면 거칠기 및 표면 자유에너지를 나타내는 물방울 접촉각을 측정하고, 치태 부착실험을 통해 두 가지 요소가 미치는 영향에 대하여 평가할 목적으로 시행되었다. 4종의 복합레진(Z-100, Filtek supreme, Durafil, Clearfil AP X)을 비연마군과 연마군으로 각각 5개씩 시편을 제작하였다. 표면 거칠기는 표면조도형상 측정기를, 접촉각은 접촉각측정기를 이용하여 각각 측정하였다. 치태부착 실험은, 시편을 배양액을 넣고 Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt을 접종하여 부착된 치태의 양을 측정하여 평가하였다. 1. 표면조도는 연마되지 않은 대조군에서는 (Z1, DF, CA)>FS의 순 연마된 실험군에서는 CA>Z1>(FS, DF)의 순으로 나타났으며, 실험군이 대조군에 비해 높은 표면 조도를 보였다(p<0.05). 2. 접촉각은 대조군에서는 CA>(FS, DF, Z1)의 순, 실험군에서는 (CA, DF)>(FS, Z1)의 순으로 나타났으며, 실험군이 대조군에 비해 낮은 접촉각을 보였다(p<0.05). 3. 치태침착은 대조군에서는 Z1>(DF, FS)>CA의 순, 실험군에서는 Z1>FS> (CA, DF)의 순으로 나타났으며, 실험군이 대조군에 비해 치태 침착이 더 많았다(p<0.05). 4. 치태 부착도에 대해서 표면 조도는 상관성이 없고, 접촉각은 강한 반비례 관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 즉 치태 부착에 대해 접촉각이 표면 조도 보다 더 큰 관련성을 보였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.371-388
• /
• 2001

A novel glucanhydrolase(DXAMase) from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi(KSM 22) has been shown effective in hydrolysis of mutan, reduction of mutan formation by Streptococcus mutans and removal pre-formed sucrose-dependentadherent microbial film and DXAMase has been strongly bound to hydroxyapatitie. These in vitro properties of Lipomyces starkeyi DXAMase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent. This study was performed to determine the adjunctive oral hygiene benefits and safety of dextranase(Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 DXAMase)-containing mouthwash when used alongside normal tooth-brushing. This 6-month clinical trial was placebo-controlled double-blind design evaluating 1U/ml dextranase mouthwash and 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash. A total 39 systemically healthy subjects, who had moderate levels of plaque and gingivitis were included. At baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months, subjects were scored for plaque accumulation(Turesky modification of Quingley-Hein's plaque index), gingivitis status($L\ddot{o}e$ and Silness gingival index), and tooth stain(Area and severity index system by Lang et al). Additionally, oral mucosal examinations were performed and subjects questioned for adverse symptoms. Two weeks after pre-experiment examinations and a professional prophylaxis, the subjects provided with allocated mousewash and instructed to use 20-ml volumes for 30s twice daily after toothbrushing. All the groups showed significant increase in plaque accumulation since 1 month of experiment. During 6 months' period, the Dextranase mouthwash group showed the least increase in plaque accumulation, compared to the Chlorhexidine mouthwash and placebo groups. As for gingival inflammation, all the groups showed significant increase during 6 months of experiment. The Experimental group(Dextranase mouthwash) also showed the least increase in gingival index score, compared to the Positive control(Chlorhexidine mouthwash)as well as the Negative control(placebo)groups. Whereas the tooth stain was increased significantly in the Positive control group, compared to the baseline score and the Negative controlgroup since 3 months of mouthrinsing. It was significantly increased after 6 months in the Experimental group, still less severe than the Positive control group. As for the oral side effect, the Experimental group showed less tongue accumulation, bad taste, compared to the Positive control group. From these results, mouthrinsing with Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase provided adjunctive benefits to toothbrushing, comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash in inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effects were if anything less frequent and less intense than chlorhexidine, with long-term use of the mouthwash. All data had provided positive evidence for Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase as an antiplaque agent and suggested that further development of dextranase formulations for plaque control are warranted.