• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.99-104
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• 2013

Recently, various nanoparticles have been used for filler in polymer matrices. The particles of nano size are whether high or not cross-link density in polymer affects the thermal and mechanical properties of one. The properties change as a result of chemical reactions between the nanoparticles and the surface of the polymer. There are two models for nanocomposites: "repulsive interaction" and "attractive interaction" between the nanoparticles and matrix. In this study, the variation in the curing mechanism was examined when nano-size $TiO_2$ was dispersed into an epoxy (Bisphenol A, YD-128) with different curing agents. The results of this study showed that the exothermic temperature and Tg in the case of the nanoparticles used (Jeffamine) (D-180) at room temperature were reduced by an increase in the $TiO_2$ contents because of the "repulsive interaction" between the nanoparticles and the matrix. The tensile strengths were increased by increasing amounts of $TiO_2$ until 3 wt% because of a dispersion strengthening effect caused by the nanoparticles, because of the repulsive interaction. However, such tensile properties decreased at 5 wt% of $TiO_2$, because the $TiO_2$ was agglomerated in the epoxy. In contrast, in the case of the nanoparticles that used NMA and BDMA, the exothermic temperature and Tg tended to rise with increasing amounts of $TiO_2$ as a result of the "attractive interaction." This was because the same amounts of $TiO_2$ were well dispersed in the epoxy. The tensile strength decreased with an increase in the $TiO_2$ contents. In the general attractive interaction model, however, the cross-link density was higher, and tensile strength tended to increase. Therefore, for the nanoparticles that used NMA, it was difficult to conclude that the result was caused by the "attractive model."

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.35
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• pp.315-338
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to propose actual operation condition of Japanese lecture based on social welfare organizations located in Seoul to investigate the current status and problems of Japanese language education in terms of lifelong education. According to the result of this study, the remarkable point was that a majority of Japanese lecture courses are highly focused on the elderly and 86% of the welfare organizations are providing free education. Regarding the effect of specialized business for the aged run by social welfare community center, it says, as Korea changing to aging society at the beginning of 21st century, it has put focus on strengthening personal competences of seniors through opportunities for participation in lifelong education, recreational activity programs and culture classes. It means foreign language classes are operating as one of the lifelong education programs for reinforcement of individual capability. Considering this tendency, it is expected that the lifelong education participation rate of the elder in Seoul will be raised. So, systematic improvements will be needed for this. First, it is required to recognize the existence of Educational and Cultural Industry and work hard to make it public so it could be invigorated and utilized by people usefully at the same time. Second, Japanese language training that mostly 55-year-old or more than 60-year-old people receive at the welfare center needs to be systematized for preparations on proper studying environment which provides the older with appropriate education method and content as well. Third, stable and systematic operation should be available through the link with experts in the field of Japanese language education and elderly education. Fourth, education program development is needed, which is able to satisfy one's desires for learning. Hence, targeting Japanese learners at each welfare center, we need to know the estimation of satisfaction degree and consciousness on learning Japanese. Finally, it has not been studied sufficiently regarding the instructors on teaching Japanese language in this paper, but it has been reported that most of social welfare centers, where Japanese language lectures are provided, are run by volunteers who can teach Japanese. Thus, the study on actual condition for Japanese language instructors will be conducted as well later on.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.341-350
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to establish research hypotheses and conduct empirical analysis to clarify the relationship between self-leadership, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and job performance of researchers in the energy and environment fields. Data were extracted from questionnaires returned by 165 researchers in the field of energy environment among 200 questionnaires collected for approximately three weeks. The reliability, frequency, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and sobel-test were examined using the SPSS 22.0 statistical program. The self-leadership of the researcher has a positive (+) effect on self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and job performance, and the researcher's self-efficacy has a positive (+) influence on both job satisfaction and job performance. In addition, the self-efficacy and job satisfaction mediated the relationship between self-leadership, and job performance. Therefore, to improve the job performance of the researchers, it is important to establish a system for the human resource management of the affiliated institutions and revitalize the education for the self-leadership and self-efficacy improvement. In addition, it is necessary to provide an appropriate compensation system to satisfy the researchers' enjoyment, satisfaction and trust in their jobs. In particular, because self-efficacy is a very important factor for job performance, it is important to prepare an institutional strategy for strengthening the self-efficacy of researchers.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.135-142
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• 2021

Biopolymers have been known as eco-friendly soil strengthening materials and studied to apply levees. However, the effect of biopolymer on vegetation is not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the root growth of Camelina sativa L. (Camelina) when the xanthan gum was amended to soil in Aluminum (Al) stress conditions. Amendment of 0.05% xanthan gum increased root growth of Camelina under Al stress conditions. Under the Al stress condition, expression of aluminum activate malate transporter 1 (ALMT1) gene of Camelina root was induced but showed a lower level of expression in xanthan gum amended soil than non-amended soil. Additionally, the binding capacity of xanthan gum with Al ions in the solution was confirmed. Using morin staining and ICP-OES analysis, the Al content of the roots in the xanthan gum soil was lower than in the non-xanthan gum soil. These results suggest that xanthan gum amended soils may reduce the detrimental effects of Al on the roots and positively affect the growth of plants. Therefore, xanthan gum is not only an eco-friendly construction material but also can protect the roots in the disadvantageous environment of the plant.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.427-433
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• 2021

With the support of the government and public institutions, local government characters achieved a lot of quantitative growth. However, there are very few successful cases such as strengthening local identity and revitalizing the local economy using characters. This paper presents a transmedia storytelling strategy as a way to solve the problem of local government characters. To do so, I identify the problems of the current local government characters, and analyze the preceding studies on the features and components of transmedia contents, and the principles of transmedia storytelling, to develop strategies and yielded the expected effect. The transmedia strategy of local government characters consists of a total of three stages. In the first step, the local identity is established through the development of a unique story to the region. The second step, improve attractivity by renewing character design for various individual media platforms. And lastly the third step, enhance usability by expanding interactivity based on communication and participation of development actors and the public. This paper is meaningful in that it derives a transmedia storytelling strategy from the perspective of brand marketing as a way to revitalize local government characters. Based on the conclusions drawn from this study, a follow-up study is needed to apply it to specific cases of local government characters.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.50
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• pp.131-172
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• 2018

It is noted that nowadays, the bride wealth custom takes an extremely distorted form in African society. Such a phenomenon is a result that the male-dominant culture, Western religions, and capitalist economic system have been negatively combined into dynamic factors seen as bride wealth. This means that the concept of bride wealth has been incessantly reconstructed in the middle of clash and conflict of tradition and modernity. There is also little doubt that the practice is inextricably tangled with the common and current ways of livelihood, early marriage, polygyny, kinship/family structure, poverty, and migration labor. Bride wealth has become an increasingly commercialized element under a capitalist economic system. Accordingly, its traditional symbolism is seen to be subsequently weakening, whereas a tendency towards the reification of women is strengthening more in modern society that embraces modern customs bent on the protection of women's human rights. Its commercialization has produced a result, which instigates the noted violations of women's basic human rights, gender inequality, and promotion of domestic violence. The ways that people perceive bride wealth vary according to their own sex, generation, stratification, and ethnic background. Those people who negatively recognize bride wealth will increase with the deepening of its commercialization due to the influence of capitalism. Its color and effect will deepen and depend on how its agents correspond to socioeconomic changes. They will constantly reinterpret and reconstruct it within their own environments, but the basic human rights efforts are constantly under review by concerned individuals seeking to promote equality for women as a global effort.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.145-166
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• 2018

This study is due to global competition, the wall between regions is disappearing, customer needs are diversified, and market and technology are rapidly changing. Future growth engines, the importance of convergence capabilities for industrial competitiveness is being emphasized more. Therefore, companies should seek innovative means to increase the efficiency of the company by establishing optimized global management environment and establishing direction and strategy for utilization of convergence technology by improving industrial competitiveness. Firms must adopt and utilize related new technologies by strengthening their convergence capabilities through dynamic capabilities that are internal resource bases for new product development and process innovation. Globalize markets and technologies can expect higher innovation performance when aligning strategic direction with formalized technology competencies held by the firm and incorporating the convergence capabilities needed for technological innovation into processes. The study focuses on the effects of market and technology orientation on technological innovation performance, whether dynamic and convergence capabilities affect technological innovation performance, and dynamic and convergence capabilities to mediate between market and technology orientation. For the study, we surveyed 51.4% of global and multinational corporations that are internationally active or headquartered overseas. Based on the previous studies, hypotheses were established and the collected data were analyzed through utilization path analysis and Sobel test.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.34
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• pp.222-267
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• 2001

The purpose of this document is to explain the revisions of the Protection of Cultural Properties Act and its sub-laws which have been mad from Jan. 1999 to Sep. 2001. The Protection of Cultural Properties Act and its sub-laws have been revised three times from 1999 to 2001, before and after the Office of Cultural Properties was raised to Cultural Properties Administration on May 24, 1999. The main points of the revisions are as follows. First of all, the role of the local autonomous entities has been increased. The governor of the local autonomous entities is entitled to announce administrative orders related to the preservation of State-designated Cultural Properties. Also, the local autonomous entities has the authorities to examine whether the construction work which will be made in the outer boundaries, which is provided by regulations, of the protected area of the cultural properties might have any effect on preservation of cultural properties or not. Second, preventive actions to protect the cultural properties have been strengthened. If the scale of construction work is more than some scale, the preliminary survey of the surface of the earth to confirm the existence of buried cultural properties and their distribution is obligated. One who is promoting the development plan more than some scale must discuss the plan with the Administrator of Cultural Properties Administration in the process of planning. These actions would be effective to prevent the cultural properties from being damaged because of the development. Third, relaxation of the restrictions has been proceeded. On the basis of regulations which specify the actions to affect the preservation of cultural properties, negative system that does not limit the actions which are not specified in the regulations is introduced. The appropriateness of both protected structure and area should be regularly reviewed and adjusted. Also, most of the restrictions which was made only for administrative convenience and over-regulated the people's living have been revised. Finally, the number of cultural properties to be protected has been increased. Besides the State-designated Cultural Properties, the other cultural properties which are worthy to be protected as City-or-Province-designated Cultural Properties can be designated provisionally and protected. The system of registration and maintenance of the buildings and facilities which are not designated as the Modern Cultural Heritages is established. The penalty for damaging and stealing the cultural Properties which are not designated to be protected was strengthened. Even a dead natural monument can be acknowledged as an natural monument and it is limited to make a specimen or stuffing of the dead natural monument. All of these actions are fit to the high level of understanding of the public about the cultural properties and as the result of these actions, the number of cultural properties to be preserved has been increased. To sum up, the directions of revisions of the Protection of Cultural Properties Act and its sub­laws which have been made from Jan. 1999 to Sep. 2001. are the localization of the protection of the cultural properties, the strengthening of protective actions, the relaxation of various regulations and the increasing of the number fo the protected cultural properties. Also, various problems raised in the processes of implementations of the laws have been reviewed and revised.

• Composites Research
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.332-339
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• 2018

Fiber metal hybrid laminate (FML) can be used as an economic material with superior mechanical properties and light weight than conventional metal by bonding of metal and FRP. However, there are disadvantages that it is difficult to predict fracture behavior because of the large difference in properties depending on the type of fiber and lamination conditions. In this paper, we study the failure behavior of hybrid materials with laminated glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP, GEP118, woven type) in Al6061-T6 alloy. The Al alloys were coated with GFRP 1, 3, and 5 layers, and fracture behavior was analyzed by using a static test and a low cycle fatigue test. In the low cycle fatigue test, strain - life analysis and the total strain energy density method were used to analyze and predict the fatigue life. The Al alloy did not have tensile properties strengthening effect due to the GFRP coating. The fatigue hysteresis geometry followed the behavior of the Al alloy, the base material, regardless of the GFRP coating and number of coatings. As a result of the low cycle fatigue test, the fatigue strength was increased by the coating of GFRP, but it did not increase proportionally with the number of GFRP layers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Neurocognitive Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of task training for cognitive activation of upper extremity on upper limb function and activities of daily living and to suggest intervention in rehabilitation treatment. From January to February of 2018, nine stroke patients were arbitrated 30 minutes a day, five days a week, for four weeks. For the experimental group, the therapist has induced the group using the linguistic guidance to patients, so they utilize the cognition strategy. The control group conducted active exercises in a range of motion using the instruments and passive exercises in a range of motion to reduce the stiffness of joints and upper limbs. As muscle strengthening exercises, the patients were assigned to work on the biceps muscle of arm, triceps muscle of arm, and deltoid according to the individual patient's muscular strength level. For the experimental group, the MBI was improved by ten points at maximum, and K-AMPS motor skills showed the improvements of 1.0 logit at maximum, and processing skills showed improvements of 0.6 logits at maximum. In MFT, the maximum improvement was by two points. For the control group, MBI was improved by five points at maximum, and 0.2 maximum improvements were shown in K-AMPS' motor skills and 0.3 maximum improvements in processing skills. MFT showed no change. The conclusion is that the challenges to enable training for stroke patients give a positive impact on upper limb function and activities of daily living.