• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 시멘트의 유해성을 극복하기 위하여 시멘트 대신에 친환경 토양안정재를 사용한 식생블록을 제작하여 압축강도 및 휨강도 특성을 규명하였다. 식생블록 제작에 사용된 토양안정재는 천연섬유에서 추출한 단섬유와 석회 등을 주원료로 하며 흙의 전단강도를 증가시켜 블록의 내구성을 향상시키면서 식생을 가능하게 하는 특징을 가지고 있다. 일축압축강도 시험을 위한 공시체는 토양안정재와 화강풍화토를 혼합하여 제작하였으며, 토양안정재는 혼합토의 중량대비 6 %, 12 %, 18 %로 변화시켜 물과 교반하였다. 공시체는 공기 중에서 건조하여 각각 5일, 7일, 14일, 28일간 양생시키고 일축압축강도 시험을 수행하였다. 휨강도 시험은 일축압축강도 시험과 동일한 조건으로 블록을 제작하여 각 단계별 휨강도 시험을 실시하였고 현장 적용성 평가를 위하여 토양안정재의 특성을 고려한 최적함수비를 제안하였다. 또한 식생블록에 대한 투수시험 결과 KS F 4419에서 규정하는 투수성 블록의 품질기준을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2017

Modern seismic codes rely on performance-based seismic design methodology which requires that the structures withstand inelastic deformation. Many studies have focused on the inelastic deformation ratio evaluation (ratio between the inelastic and elastic maximum lateral displacement demands) for various inelastic spectra. This paper investigates the inelastic response spectra through the ductility demand ${\mu}$, the yield strength reduction factor $R_y$, and the inelastic deformation ratio. They depend on the vibration period T, the post-to-preyield stiffness ratio ${\alpha}$, the peak ground acceleration (PGA), and the normalized yield strength coefficient ${\eta}$ (ratio of yield strength coefficient divided by the PGA). A new inelastic deformation ratio $C_{\eta}$ is defined; it is related to the capacity curve (pushover curve) through the coefficient (${\eta}$) and the ratio (${\alpha}$) that are used as control parameters. A set of 140 real ground motions is selected. The structures are bilinear inelastic single degree of freedom systems (SDOF). The sensitivity of the resulting inelastic deformation ratio mean values is discussed for different levels of normalized yield strength coefficient. The influence of vibration period T, post-to-preyield stiffness ratio ${\alpha}$, normalized yield strength coefficient ${\eta}$, earthquake magnitude, ruptures distance (i.e., to fault rupture) and site conditions is also investigated. A regression analysis leads to simplified expressions of this inelastic deformation ratio. These simplified equations estimate the inelastic deformation ratio for structures, which is a key parameter for design or evaluation. The results show that, for a given level of normalized yield strength coefficient, these inelastic displacement ratios become non sensitive to none of the rupture distance, the earthquake magnitude or the site class. Furthermore, they show that the post-to-preyield stiffness has a negligible effect on the inelastic deformation ratio if the normalized yield strength coefficient is greater than unity.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2024

콘크리트의 압축강도는 다양한 영향인자가 있으며, 노출환경에 따라 변화한다. 동일한 배합을 가진 콘크리트라도 노출환경에 따라 콘크리트 특성은 변화하며, 특히 해수의 영향을 받는 지역은 간만대, 비말대, 해수중과 같이 세가지 영역으로 구분할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 7년 동안 습윤양생된 OPC 콘크리트를 대상으로 강도 변화를 분석하였으며, 기존의 이론식(KDS, CEB, ACI, JSCE)과의 비교를 수행하였다. 또한 7년동안 비말대, 간만대, 해수중에 장기 폭로된 시편을 대상으로 강도 특성 및 탄산화 특성을 평가하였다. 콘크리트의 배합은 3수준의 물-시멘트비(0.37, 0.42, 0.47)를 가지고 있으며, 환경조사를 수행하여 침지대, 간만대, 비말대 3 수준의 해양환경을 고려하였다. 7년동안 습윤양생된 시편의 경우 기존의 제안식들에 비하여 높은 강도를 가지고 있었으며, 옥외 폭로된 시편(간만대, 비말대, 해수중)의 강도는 습윤양생한 시편의 강도보다 낮게 평가되었다. 또한 물-시멘트비가 증가할수록 뚜렷한 강도저하가 발생하였으며, 해수중에서 가장 낮은 강도가 평가되었다. 기존의 강도 제안식에서는 물-시멘트비에 따른 변화를 고려하지 못하므로 기존 이론식에 적용할 수 있는 실험상수를 회귀분석을 통하여 도출하였다. 탄산화 평가결과, 물-시멘트비의 증가에 따라 높은 탄산화 깊이가 평가되었으며, 비말대, 침지대, 간만대 순서로 탄산화 진행이 발생하였는데, 침지대 및 간만대에서도 황산염 및 용존 이산화탄소 영향으로 상당한 중성화 깊이가 발생하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.285-301
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• 2013

This paper concentrates on the results of experimental work on tensile strength of self-compacting concrete (SCC) caused by flexure, which is called rupture modulus. The work focused on concrete mixes having water/binder ratios of 0.35 and 0.45, which contained constant total binder contents of 500 $kg/m^3$ and 400 $kg/m^3$, respectively. The concrete mixes had four different dosages of a superplasticizer based on polycarboxylic with and without silica fume. The percentage of silica fume that replaced cement in this research was 10%. Based upon the experimental results, the existing equations for anticipating the rupture modulus of SCC according to its compressive strength were not exact enough. Therefore, it is decided to use artificial neural networks (ANN) for anticipating the rupture modulus of SCC from its compressive strength and workability. The conclusion was that the multi layer perceptron (MLP) networks could predict the tensile strength in all conditions, but radial basis (RB) networks were not exact enough in some circumstances. On the other hand, RB networks were more users friendly and they converged to the final networks quicker.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.533-544
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• 2018

The importance of using materials cost effectively to enhance the strength and reduce the cost, and weight of earth fill materials in geotechnical engineering led researchers to seek for modifying the soil properties by adding proper additives. Lightweight fill materials made of soil, binder, water, and Expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads are increasingly being used in geotechnical practices. This paper primarily investigates the behavior of sandy soil, modified by EPS particles. Besides, the mechanical properties of blending sand, EPS and the binder material such as fly ash and cement were examined in different mixing ratios using a number of various laboratory studies including the Modified Standard Proctor (MSP) test, the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test, the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test and the Direct Shear test (DST). According to the results, an increase of 0.1% of EPS results in a reduction of the density of the mixture for 10%, as well as making the mixture more ductile rather than brittle. Moreover, the compressive strength, CBR value and shear strength parameters of the mixture decreases by an increase of the EPS beads, a trend on the contrary to the increase of cement and fly ash content.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제22권A호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2002

Reinforced concrete(R/C) is commonly used to structures because they have many merits that compressive strength, economy and so on. However, reinforced concrete has a crack at the tensile section which is due to the relatively lower tensile strength than its compressive strength Latex modified concrete(LMC) has higher tensile and flexural strength than the ordinary portland cement, due to the interconnections of hydrated cement and aggregates by a film of latex particles. The purpose of this study was to investigate the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beam with latex modified concrete, having the main experimental variables such as concrete types(ordinary portland cement concrete, latex modified concrete), latex contents(0%, 15%), flexural steel ratios(0.012, 0.0235), and with/without shear reinforcement. The beam of LMC showed considerably higher initial cracking loads and ductility than that of OPC, but, similar to ultimate strength and deflection. This might be attributed to the interlocking of hydrated cement and aggregates by a film of latex particles, water retention due to hydrophobic, and colloidal properties of the latexes resulting in reduced water evaporation. The beam with latex modified concrete could be adopted at field for controlling and reducing the tensile crack due to its higher tensile strength.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.813-822
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• 2002

단주영역에서 정사각형 콘크리트 충전 강관기둥의 단순 누가강도, 설계식 강도는 실험강도에 비해 약간 과소하게 평가하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 주요 요인이 되는 콘크리트의 구속효과를 고려하여 평가하고자 하였다. 콘크리트의 구속효과를 검토하기 위해 3차원 유한요소모델을 사용하여 강관의 폭-두께비(b/t), 콘크리트의 압축강도($f_c$'), 강재의 항복응력($f_y$)에 따른 영향을 검토하였고 이 세 변수를 조합한 제안된 강도식은 기존의 실험값과 비교, 검토되었다. 또한 하중 재하상태에 따른 콘크리트의 구속효과도 살펴 보았다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.879-884
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• 2001

The use of recycled-aggregate concrete is increasing faster than the development of appropriate design recommendations. In addition, recycled-aggregate and higher compressive strengths are two of the most desired characteristics to improve the use of concrete as a construction material. The paper reports limited experimental data on the shear capacity of high-strength recycled aggregate concrete beams. Ten beams were tested to determine their diagonal cracking and ultimate shear capacities. The variable in the test program were concrete strength(300, 500 and 700kgf/$cm^{2}$), and shear span/depth ratio (a/d : 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0). Test results indicate that the ACI Building code prediction of Eq.(11-3) and (11-5) for high-strength recycled aggregate concretes are unconservative for all beams (with concrete strength 300, 500 and 700kgf/$cm^{2}$, a/d ratios 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0). But Zsutty Equation for high-strength recycled aggregate concretes is conservative for all beams. The results of the experimental investigation on the cracking patterns for beams show that the angle that the critical inclined crack makes with the horizontal axis decreases with increasing a/d.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.215-220
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• 2002

Epoxy-coated re-bar was partly used to the structures and put to practical use, but were not economical and appeared to have defects such as the diminishing of long term bond strength between concrete. The study of polymer cement slurry coated re-bar was started in order to complement the defect of epoxy coated re-bar, and ever since the basic properties appeared to be excellent. But, study of bond properties embedded in concrete specimens was insufficient until now. This study attempts to examine the possibility of improving the bond strength of polymer cement slurry coated re-bar between concrete specimens in accordance with ACI Code and KS Code through pull-out test of 150mm$\times$150mm$\times$150mm substrates with polymer cement slurry coated re-bar having polymer cement ratios of 50%, 75% and 100%, coating thickness 250${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, 450 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and with curing ages of 3, 7 and 28 days. High strength concrete was designed having a compressive strength of 500kgf/cm2 as specified. Practical bond length ranges of 55 and 85mm were applied to each of specimen. The bond strength of polymer cement slurry coated re-bar using St/BA-1 and St/BA-2 was compared to that of plain re-bar. The results of this study showed that the bond strength of 55mm bond length was much higher than that of 85mm bond length.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2015

PURPOSES: As a part of our research into repair techniques for roads that have collapsed as a result of a natural disaster, this study set out to find the optimum mix proportion for gravels to be used to restore a damaged area. METHODS: This study considered flow and strength-development characteristics. The experimental variables were the W/C ratio, the usage of the admixture, the types of cement, and the quantity of fine aggregate over three different experimental stages. The compressive strength was measured at 12 hours, one day, three days, and seven days. RESULTS : The flow varied with the amount of fine aggregate and the use of a high-range water-reducing (HRWR) admixture. The compressive strength also varied with respect to the type of cement and the W/C ratios. The strength satisfied the expected requirement of 21 MPa after one day, provided the mix proportion was appropriate. CONCLUSIONS: A gravel-filling high-flow cement-based mortar exhibited strength and consistency with a W/C ratio in the range of 0.40 to 0.45, assuming the use of HRWR at 0.5 to 0.7% and a fine aggregate/cement ratio of 1.0 to 1.5.