• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.65-78
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• 1994

This study deals with the consciousness and visual preference and image about the fence that is an important factor and a vertical element in the streetscape. The analysis was performed by the data obtained from the questionnaires and the photos for the fence scene. 1. The answerers considering the fence had great influence on the beauty of a city were over 80%, also the fence influence good effect on a city was higher than 63%. 2. The answerers prefering the fence materials mixed with inanimate materials and plants was higher than 50%. Also the design offence was regarded to be the most important element when established. 3. While the satisfying factors for the visual preference were peculiarity, abundance and harmony, the dissatisfying factors were commonplaceness, disharmony and isolation(closing). Also the preference factors were the design and material in several elements of the fence. 4. At the part of function, the preferable places were estimated highly as boundary mark, eye interception but in the visual effect were so low. 5. Psychological factor, related to the satisfaction of the fence, had a grip of three factors, evaluation, formation, potentiality, and the presumption formula was: Satisfaction=1.61(Evaluation)+0.30(Formation)+0.55(Potentiality)+6.23(R2=0. 63)

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2014

This study aims to find the optimum method to reuse as townscape resource and to preserve the architectural heritage. And, it wants to contribute the policy of the architectural heritage and townscape. This research is targeted at an old office building of Leaf tobacco Producer' cooperation, designated as a cultural assets in Jecheon. It investigated the design characteristics of an old office building of Leaf tobacco Producer' cooperation and the streetscape of Uibyeong-daero 12-gil. It was conducted using the research methods of the field survey, and it was to analyze and to compare the various existing data and a current status. The result are as followings. Firstly, we should be consider the policy of architectural heritage that a sense of place can be preserved. Secondly, we should be consider the linear method of the conservation and reuse in urban street that the architectural heritage is located at least. Thirdly, if it will be to maintain the facade of the building adjacent to the street using the design characteristics of an old office building of Leaf tobacco Producer' cooperation, Uibyeong-daero 12-gil will be made a unique street that will be represented the history of leaf tobacco produce. Lastly, it has been analyzed that the design characteristics of an old office building of Leaf tobacco Producer' cooperation are the arch of entrance, the arched window, the rectangular window, the entabature, the horizontal joint, the finish of cement mortar, a pitched roof, etc. And, the design guideline and the maintenance plan of Uibyeong-daero 12-gil have made.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.254-269
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to propose guidance for wall renewal that is appropriate for an ancient city wall through application of advanced research and theories in wall design. It is a streetscape improvement project which forms part of the "Ancient City Image Finding Project". Study methods consist of advanced research classification, wall design theory contemplation, and analysis of the significance of designated ancient city areas and the "Ancient City Image Finding Project" status. Based on these methods, case study candidates were selected, case status and problems were identified, and improvement proposals were analyzed by comparing various features. Advanced wall research was classified into six categories including analysis of wall characteristics; wall design principle applications; wall structure, color, shape, and application; modern reinterpretation; palace walls; and house, temple, and village walls. The wall is an element of the streetscape improvement component of the "Ancient City Image Finding Project", with the characteristic of providing preceding experience in visual and cognitive awareness than interior structure. Case candidates for ancient city wall improvement are based on the composition distribution of the special conservation district in each ancient city as well as the conservation promotion district. Ultimately, the surrounding village of Gongju-si Geumseong-Dong Songsanri-gil, adjacent to the Royal Tomb of King Muryeong, was selected as the candidate. The "Ancient City Image Finding Project" of the surrounding village of Gongju-si Geumseong-Dong Songsanri-gil began with new Hanok construction. However, wall maintenance did not begin concurrently with that new Hanok construction. Support and maintenance took place afterwards as an exterior maintenance project for roadside structures. If the Hanok and wall were evaluated and constructed at the same time, the wall would have been built in unison with the size and design of the Hanok. The layout of the main building and wall of the Hanok is deemed to be a structure that is closed tightly because of its spatial proximity and tall height. Songsan-ri-gil's wall design should create a calm, subtle, and peaceful atmosphere with shapes, colors, and materials that express ancient city characteristics, but it is in an awkward position due to its sharpness and narrowness. The cause of the problem at Gongju-si Geumseong-dong Songsanri-gil, the case candidate, is that it is lacking significantly in terms of the aesthetic factors that traditional walls should possess. First, aesthetic consciousness seems to have disappeared during the selection and application process of the wall's natural materials. Second, the level of completion in design and harmony is absent. Maintenance guidance after analyzing the cause of problems in ancient city wall maintenance at Gongju-si Geumseong-dong Songsanri-gil, the subject area of research, is as follows: First, the Hanok design and layout of the wall and main gate should be reviewed simultaneously. Second, the one-sided use of natural stone wall in the Hanok wall design should be reexamined. Third, a permanent system to coordinate the opinions of citizens and experts during the planning and design phases should be employed. Fourth and finally, the Hanok's individuality shall be collectivized and its value as a cultural asset representing the identity of the community shall be increased.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.20
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• pp.255-265
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• 2015

When it comes to how to define history·culture streets, people think of the streets as street environments that would create local identity in association with this local community's particular historical and cultural resources as well as urban streets. In order to build such streets, any relevant fields first need to apply some original design based on understanding on historical and cultural resources. With Street of Gaya in Gimhae selected as a research subject, this study aims to look into components and color characteristics of the history·culture street and finds ways to create other streets of that kind. As a frame to understand the history·culture streets, what this study would come up with is considered significant in that it helps the value to be re-recognized and promoted. In order to achieve the research goal, the study (1) extracted components of streetscapes referring to relevant previous researches and then, (2) analyzed a current status of these components of Street of Gaya via field investigation. (3) The study examined color characteristics of each of the components. Findings of the research are summarized as follows. (1) From a comprehensive point of view, the study categorized and subdivided the components of the history·culture street into nonphysical and physical elements. (2) After analyzing the current status of the components, the study learned that Street of Gaya basically consists of historical and cultural remains and sculptures as well as street facilities. (3) Results of the color investigation reported that the plan on designing of Street of Gaya had been processed with a focus laid on harmony of historical remains and cultural remains which are told to be natural components. However, the study also figured out that as long as relevant fields want to create different identity in each section and to efficiently deliver information, they should first prepare this smart design system to integrate each pieces of a streetscape as a whole.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.301-310
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to propose the basic guideline of the environmental sculptures to improve the quality level of the urban surroundings. The concept of the environmental sculptures was established and their roles in urban street scenary were investigated. And then, the relationships between the visual satisfaction and the elements which affect the visual harmony of Urban street scenary were analysed. The result of this study can be summarized as follows; The visual satisfaction was shown high at the sculptures itself with good shape and esthetic sense, and the harmony among the surroundings was estimated highly at the sculptures of good harmony with the floor surface, building and the elements surrounded it. And the highest satisfaction was shown at the scenary with the dean images and visual stability. The correlation of the degree of satisfaction with 5 variables which effect the satisfaction of urban streetscape shows that the harmony of shape is the most important variable for urban street scenary.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.240-263
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• 2021

A study on the public design rules of the government and each local government showed that the historical and cultural street landscape was included in the public design field, but it did not provide a clear evaluation index for the historical and cultural street public design. Against this background, this study intends to provide basic data for the improvement and improvement of the public design of the historical and cultural street in the future by producing an evaluation index for the public design of the historical and cultural street landscape. First, in this study, 6 evaluation indicators and 19 detailed items were derived by conducting expert Delphi survey twice on the basis of previous studies. Second, exploratory factor analysis and AHP analysis were conducted through a survey to verify the validity of the evaluation index and the priority of the index items, and as a result of the analysis, the Cronbach'α coefficient and the consistency ratio were verified. Among the evaluation indicators objectively derived through the above method, the priority was 'historical and culture-related> public-related> safety-related> accessibility-related> lasting-related> related to aesthetic harmony. The results of this study are meaningful in that they can provide basic data for the improvement and improvement of public design of historical and cultural streets in the future.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.3 s.71
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• pp.191-202
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• 2007

In these days, open signboard system is controlled by administrative policy and law, but there is no consideration for different types of building. As such, this study aims to propose planning criteria for streetside commercial buildings, such as elevation and mass design of buildings, layout of signboard attached to the building elevation with consideration for streetscape. In mass planning for streetside commercial buildings, the building type with front open space keeps lower open signboard density than the building type directly leading to the street. It is desirable that open signboard of lower floor part is attached by a horizontal type, open signboard of low medium floor part by a projected vertical type, open signboard of high medium floor part and roof part with a minumum attachment of open signboard. As for elevation planning relative to open signboard, it is desirable that an irregular wall type is more useful than a regular wall type to control open signboard. And in all cases, horizontal element facade has a handicap to control the quantity of signboard. If the building has a corner, the piloti should be used in the corner of lower story for smooth circulation of pedestrians and emphasizing the transparency of elevation. Specially, in the case of a round corner, the corner should be emphasized by the composition of high transparent mass.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.74-83
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• 2008

As urban residents' standard of living has recently risen, efforts to improve urban landscapes have increased. It is very important to manage streetscapes to improve the urban landscape because they are one of the essential elements in city construction and urban landscaping. This study focuses on the indicators that manage streetscapes more accurately and realistically. To achieve this purpose, this study used dynamic simulations considering shape and layout of buildings, the primary factors in streetscapes. This study can be summarized as follows: 1. Two indicators to manage streetscape were investigated in previous studies: one to increase visual openness and the other to reduce visual overstimulation. These indicators had high correlation with scenic beauty. Therefore, increasing openness and reducing overstimulation are essential to improve streetscapes. 2. Two household tower type buildings should be arranged along roadsides to increase openness and scenic beauty. However, low tower buildings with two household are not suitable along roadsides because they create monotony and intervals are needed between buildings. 3. To increase openness, the angled arrangement of buildings is suggested $75^{\circ}{\sim}90^{\circ}(105^{\circ}{\sim}135^{\circ})$ for low buildings, $30^{\circ}{\sim}45^{\circ}(135^{\circ}{\sim}150^{\circ})$ for mid-sized buildings, and $75^{\circ}{\sim}90^{\circ}(105^{\circ}{\sim}135^{\circ})$ for high buildings. 4. To reduce overstimulation, the height and setback control regulations should be at an angle of less than $45^{\circ}$. This study suggests more accurate management guidelines by organizing the indicators that could effectively manage streetscapes and by overcoming limitations of reality shown in a static simulation.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.137-151
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• 2021

Revitalized alley-type urban commercial streets have recently received a lot of attention as a preferred place for people. The purpose of this study is to present implications in the planning and design methods for the making of alley-type urban commercial street. For that, theoretical review and case analysis were conducted on the street spatial characteristics of 'Jeonridan-gil' and 'Mangmidan-gil' in Busan, about site overview, street spatial composition, building use, streetscape and street furniture. The implications through the study are as follows. (1) Street environment should be created to improve the pedestrian space and environment. (2) The existing main use and the newly introduced use need to be coexisted. (3) The identity of the street must be maintained through adaptive reuse, etc. (4) The voluntary formation of the private sector and the planned making of the public need to be cooperated.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.79-92
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• 2014

This study is aimed at minimizing the errors in using a sensitivity evaluation model that could occur when sensitivity analysis method is actively used for design evaluation. To extract words of a contrantion-type model by product, interior space, and streetscape design, primary word refinement was conducted with the words extracted from preceding studies. The analysis revealed that 19 words were used in all three fields. A reliability analysis revealed that different words had a bad impact on the reliability in each field. The applicability was reviewed through reliability analysis of EPA model as contraction-type and PAD model as inference-type. The results are as follows. Although the reliability of the contrantion-type model was higher than that of inference-type model in all three fields, the differences in Cronbach's Alpha were small. Also, When the reliability was analyzed after deleting the words that had a bad impact on reliability, the differences in the reliability's coefficients were clearly significant. Therefore, it is necessary to select words suitable for sensitivity evaluation target and objectivity of the evaluation can be boosted by using a proper model. Analysis of the sensitivity evaluation model suitable for future environmental evaluation should be analyzed with various statistical methods, beyond verification of reliability.