• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.305-326
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• 2005

The inelastic buckling behaviour of continuously restrained two and three-span continuous beams subjected to concentrated loads and uniformly distributed loads are studied in this paper. The restraint type considered in this paper is fully restrained against translation and elastic twist applied at the top flange. These types of restraints are most likely experienced in industrial structures, for example steel-concrete composite beams and half through girders. The buckling analysis of continuous beam consists of two parts, firstly the moment and shear distribution along the member are determined by employing force method and the information is then used for an out-of-plane buckling analysis. The finite element method is incorporated with so-called simplified and the polynomial pattern of residual stress. Owing to the inelastic response of the steel, both the in-plane and out-of-plane analysis, which is treated as being uncoupled, extend into the nonlinear range. This paper presents the results of inelastic lateral-torsional and lateral-distortional buckling load and finally conclusions are drawn regarding the web distortion.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2004

The inelastic lateral-distortional buckling of doubly-symmetric hot-rolled I-section beam-columns subjected to a concentric axial force and uniform bending with elastic restraint which produce single curvature is investigated in this paper. The numerical model adopted in this paper is an energy-based method which leads to the incremental and iterative solution of a fourth-order eigenproblem, with very rapid solutions being obtained. The elastic restraint considered in this paper is full restraint against translation, but torsional restraint is permitted at the tension flange. Hitherto, a numerical method to analyse the elastic and inelastic lateral-distortional buckling of restrained or unrestrained beam-columns is unavailable. The prediction of the inelastic lateral-distortional buckling load obtained in this study is compared with the inelastic lateral-distortional buckling of restrained beams and the inelastic lateral-torsional buckling solution, by suppressing the out-of-plane web distortion, is published elsewhere and they agree reasonable well. The method is then extended to the lateral-distortional buckling of continuously restrained doubly symmetric I-sections to illustrate the effect of web distortion.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -3
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• pp.1371-1374
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• 2002

This paper compares four network con-figurations for using as the logical topology in multi- hop wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. The regular network configurations studied in this paper axe ShuffleNet, de Bruijn graph, hypercube, and Man-hattan street network. Instead of using the weight mean hop distance of node placement problem for comparing optimum logical topology, we introduce a new objective function that includes h and the network cost. It can be seen that the network cost strongly depends on the logical topology selected for the implementation of the network. The objective of this paper is to find an optimum logical topology for WDM networks that gives low as well as low network cost.

• 수완나부미
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.85-106
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• 2014

Protests are not new in Malaysia, though it is restricted by the ruling government. The trend of street protests and demonstrations since the emergence of Coalition for Clean and Fair Elections (Bersih), Malaysia's first people movement on electoral reform, has triggered a sentiment of people power among Malaysian citizens. With protests and popular mobilization becoming pronounced in Malaysian politics, political activism becomes for Malaysians a channel of discontent and expression of political preferences. Using information obtained from interviews with individuals linked to the movement, this paper articulates that protests are no longer exclusive to Malaysians. This paper illustrates the emergence of the Bersih movement and explores the three Bersih mass rallies that took place in 2007, 2011, and 2012. This paper further links the protests with the electoral reform initiatives. It argues that the Bersih movement has managed to lobby fundamental changes in the Malaysian political culture.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.25-42
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• 1992

The purpose of this paper is to construct a model to compute a progression adjustment factor on a signalized network. In a way to construct the model, a simulation method is introduced and the TRAF-NETSIM is used as a tool of simulation. The structure of the network chooses an urban arterial network so as to measure the effect of progression and compute average stopped delay on each link. A regression model is constructed by using the results of the simulation. The stepwise variable selection in the regression model in used. The findings of this paper are as follows: i)The secondary queue and platoon ratio are sensitive to the values of the progression adjustment factor ii) The continuous model can practically reflect on various situations in the real world. The platoon adjustment factor can be computed by this model and the data required for this model can be easily obtained in the field.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2018

This paper confirms the risk of using smartphone through the analysis of collected usage pattern and proposes the smartphone intervention system in risk situations. In order to check the risk of smartphone usage, we made information collecting application and collected smartphone usage pattern from 11 experiment participants for two months. By analyzing smartphone usage pattern, we confirmed that about 12% of smartphone usage is being used in driving, walking, and on the street. In addition, we analyzed the response rate of smartphone notification in risk situations and confirmed that user responds the smartphone notifications in real-time even in risk situations. Therefore, it is required to present a system that intervenes the use of smartphone in order to protect smartphone users in risk situations. In this paper, we classify risk situations of using smartphone. Also, the proposed smartphone intervention system is designed to periodically detect risk situations. In risk situations, smartphone function can be restricted according to user setting of smartphone. And smartphone can be used normally when safe situation is restored.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권4A호
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• pp.238-246
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 현재까지 셀룰라 서비스와 PCS서비스를 위해 얻어진 전파전파 측정에 대한 전체적인 요약을 하였다. 이렇게 얻어진 협대역신호 기반의 측정치와 광대역 신호에 의한 이동통신 채널 측정에 대해 고찰을 한 후 미국 캘리포니아의 오클랜드시에서 얻어진 측정치를 이용하여 불규칙한 높이의 건물로 이뤄진 도시 환경에서 쓰일 수 있는 마이크로셀용 신호 감쇄 예측 공식을 만들고, 이를 균일한 높이의 건물로 이뤄진 환경에서 얻은 신호 감쇄 예측 공식과 비교하였다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.430-439
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 차세대 이동 통신을 위한 전파 전파 특성을 분석하기 위해 3.4, 5.3, 6.4 GHz 대역 신호를 이용하여 마이크로 셀 형태의 주거 및 도로 지역에서 측정된 경로 손실을 제시하였다. 한국의 대표적인 주거 지역 형태인 아파트 지역과 주택 지역의 경로 손실 특성을 비교 분석하였으며 기존의 COST231-Hata모델과도 비교하였다. 측정 결과 동일한 주파수에 대하여 두 주거 지역의 표준 편차는 주거 지역에 따른 경향이 없는 반면, 경로 손실 지수는 아파트 지역이 큰 경향을 보였다. 마이크로 셀 형태의 도로 지역은 가시 구간과 비가시 구간으로 구분하여 측정을 수행하고 경로 손실 특성을 분석하였다. 가시 구간의 경우 3.4, 5.3, 6.4 GHz 모두에 대해 측정을 통한 경로 손실 값은 이론적인 경계 내에 위치하고 있으며 breakpoint의 위치는 이론값에 비해 6 % 정도 감소하는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 비가시 구간의 경우 가시 영역에서 비가시 영역으로 전환되는 지점에서 수신 전력이 급속하게 감소하며 가시 영역에 비해 비가시 영역의 경로 손실 지수가 큰 결과를 보였다. 그리고 송신단에서 코너까지의 거리가 증가할수록 비가시 영역에서의 경로 손실 지수와 코너 손실이 증가하는 현상을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.721-734
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• 2012

본 연구는 안양시 평촌 학원가의 입시 보습학원을 대상으로 평촌 학원가의 형성 과정 및 실태를 분석하고, 학원의 입지 요인, 학원 서비스의 공간 범위, 그리고 학원 수요자의 공간 행태를 분석하고자 하였다. 첫째, 평촌 학원가의 주요 입지 요인은 학원가 지역으로서의 명성, 대규모 주거지와의 거리, 지가 및 임대료로 나타난 한편, 다른 학원과의 거리, 우수한 강사진 확보의 편리함은 크게 고려하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 학원 서비스의 공간 범위를 살펴보면, 1차 학원의 서비스 공간 범위는 최대 수원시(반경 10km)까지 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 반경 6km 이내 지역에 서비스의 영향력이 집중되었다. 2차 및 3차 학원은 최대 약 6km 범위까지 영향을 미쳤다. 2차 학원은 평촌 신시가지를 포함하는 약 2km 반경에, 3차 학원의 경우 약 1km 반경에 그 영향력이 집중되었다. 셋째, 학원 수요자의 공간 행태를 분석한 결과 1차 학원 수강생들은 통원버스와 버스를 이용하여 주로 20~40분 이내의 통원시간을 할애하며, 2차 및 3차 학원의 수강생들은 주로 버스와 도보를 이용하여 주로 20분 이내에 통원시간이 소요되는 것으로 나타났다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.3188-3207
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose an image enhancement algorithm to improve license plate extraction rate in various environments (Day Street, Night Street, Underground parking lot, etc.). The proposed algorithm is composed of image enhancement algorithm and license plate extraction algorithm. The image enhancement method can improve an image quality of the degraded image, which utilizes a histogram information and overall gray level distribution of an image. The proposed algorithm employs an interpolated probability distribution value (PDV) in order to control a sudden change in image brightness. Probability distribution value can be calculated using cumulative distribution function (CDF) and probability density function (PDF) of the captured image, whose values are achieved by brightness distribution of the captured image. Also, by adjusting the image enhancement factor of each part region based on image pixel information, it provides a function that can adjust the gradation of the image in more details. This processed gray image is converted into a binary image, which fuses narrow breaks and long thin gulfs, eliminates small holes, and fills gaps in the contour by using morphology operations. Then license plate region is detected based on aspect ratio and license plate size of the bound box drawn on connected license plate areas. The images have been captured by using a video camera or a personal image recorder installed in front of the cars. The captured images have included several license plates on multilane roads. Simulation has been executed using OpenCV and MATLAB. The results show that the extraction success rate is more improved than the conventional algorithms.