• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to improve the stream water quality by the experimental hybrid constructed wetland system. It consisted of the water layer, sand bed planted reeds, irises and roses, gravel bed, yellow-soil media bed and a flow shifter (FS) which can reverse top and bottom flow in the middle of the wetland. The organic compounds and nitrogen removal efficiencies varied with the seasons, namely temperature change. In summer, the mean efficiencies of COD and TN in the outflow from this wetland system were 63.4 and 48.0% and shown the highest, respectively, whereas, the suspended solids and phosphorus removal efficiencies seemed to be less affected by temperature. As a result of inspecting the decreasing trend of pollutants, nitrification-denitrification in the wetland was the major removal mechanism for nitrogen, the nitrogen reduction was especially enhanced by the application of a FS in the wetland, and phosphorus reduction was mainly occurred as a consequence of adsorption of the yellow-soil media.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1999

The objectives of this study are to investigate soil contamination in the vicinity of abandoned Au-Ag mine and to apply a remediation technique of liming to tailings. In the study area of the Imcheon Au-Ag mine, soils were sampled in and around the mine the analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry extracted by both 0.1N HCl and aqua regia. Elevated levels of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations extracted by 0.1N HCl were found in soils taken from tailings site. These high contents directly influenced metal concentrations in soils taken in the vicinity of the site. This is mainly due to clastic movement by wind and effluent of mine waste water. In addition, relatively enriched concentrations of the metals were found in soils extrated by aqua regia due to strong decomposition of the samples compared with 0.1N HCl extration. According to the statistical approach, metal concentrations in soils by 0.1N HCl had a positive correlation with those by aqua regia extraction. Mine waste waters and stream waters were also sampled around the mine in spring and summer and analyzed by AAS for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, and by Ion Chromatography for anions. Like soils developed over tailings, significant levels of metals and sulphates were found in the mine waste waters ranging of 0.2~0.3, 0.5~2.0, 0.2~2.8, 30~50 and 1,240~4,700 mg/l of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and $SO_4^{2-}$, respectively. These elevated levels influenced in the stream waters in the vicinity of the tailings site. In seasonal variation of metal and anion contents, relatively high levels were found in waters sampled on summer due to leaching the metals and anions from tailings by rain. This study also examined the possibility of lime treatment for remediation of acid mine tailings and assumed to be 46 tones of pulverized lime for neutralization of the tailings.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.619-623
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• 1998

불화된 금속 산화물 촉매상에서 이염화메탄을 불화하여 이불화메탄을 합성하는 연구를 하였다. 실험 변수는 반응온도, HF/DCM (dichloromethane) 몰비, 접촉시간 그리고 촉매의 형태이었다. 촉매의 성능은 불화된 알루미나 보다는 크롬이 담지된 불화된 알루미나가 우수하였으며 크롬을 담지한 촉매에서 전처리 하지 않은 경우가 수소와 공기 분위기로 소성처리한 경우보다 더욱 우수하였다. 최적 반응 조건은 반응온도 $340^{\circ}C$, HF/DCM 몰비 5이상 그리고 접촉시간 20 초 이상이었다. 이들 조건에서 얻은 이불화메탄의 최대 수율은 80% 이상이었다. 특히 반응시간이 8시간까지 촉매의 활성 감소나 이불화메탄의 선택성의 감소가 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.546-556
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to improve the polluted stream water quality by pilot-scale five different constructed wetlands (CWs). Cell 1 to 3 are newly designed 2SFCW (Surface-subsurface flow CW) with 1 to 3 flow shifters (FS) in the middle of the wetland system. Cell 4 and 5 are control CW (CCW), but Cell 5 is the same type as Cell 3. The FS, which converts the route of surface and subsurface flow between two wetlands connected in series, was able to enhance the treatability of TN via nitrification and denitrification and of SS due to filtration and sedimentation. The void fraction and dispersion number of Cell 1, 2 and 3 obtained from the RTD analysis were found to be 0.73 and 0.17, respectively. COD and TP removal efficiencies of Cell 1 to 3 were similar to that of Cell 4 and 5. SS removal efficiencies of Cell 1 to 3 and 5 with FS were 5-10% higher than that of Cell 4 without FS. TN removal efficiencies of Cell 1 to 3 were 3-14% higher than that of Cell 4 and 5. The average $R^2$ values of COD, SS, TN and TP obtained from nonlinear regression analysis were similar to the results of other researchers.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2001

This study is aimed to review the previous research accomplishments with analysis of problems and to suggest the counter plan for the watershed management and the ongoing research strategy. Phytoremediation provides a cost-effective techniques having a merit of low investment and maintenance cost. It could be one of the best techniques, which is an alternative plan to overcome economical situation and lack of experts in our country. In forest watershed affected by waste water and heavy metal pollutants should be controlled by vegetative remediation system, but the disposal techniques of harvested plant materials should be developed. Also, high degree areas of natural vegetation as a key model to recover the vegetation should be well conserved. It is important to restore forest continuity between upper stream and lower stream basin with the restoration of damaged in forest watershed. It is established to integrated protection system for land use and management plan and to natural environment evaluation methods affected by projects such as erosion control and developments in stream and forest. In addition, I suggest the continuous environmental monitoring system to treat the pollutions concerned.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2004

비소로 오염된 고로폐광산 주변 농경지 토양과 하천 퇴적토에 대하여, 토양 정밀조사를 통하여 규명된 오염 면적과 오염 지도를 바탕으로 복원 공정 설계를 실시하였다. 실내 실험을 통하여 오염 농경지 토양에 대하여는 석회를 첨가한 토양 안정화 공법의 처리 효율을 검증하였으며, 오염 하천 퇴적토에 대하여는 토양 세척법의 처리 효율을 규명하였다. 비수몰지역의 오염 농경지 토양의 복원 효율을 규명하기 위하여, 비소 농도가 다른 폐광산 주변 농경지 오염 토양 4종류에 대하여 비소 용출률 배치 실험을 실시한 결과, 석회를 혼합한 토양의 비소 용출이 오염 토양을 그대로 이용한 경우보다 평균 5배 이하로 감소하였다. 댐 건설 후 수몰되는 지역에서 저수지 바닥으로부터 저수지 수계로 용출되어지는 비소의 용출률을 예측하고, 석회를 첨가한 복토를 실시한 경우 저수지 바닥에서 용출되는 비소의 용출률 감소를 규명하기 위하여 아크릴 칼럼(지름 18.9cm, 높이 30cm)을 이용하여 저수지 바닥에서의 비소 용출 모의 실험하였다. 실험 결과 복토를 실시하지 않은 오염 토양에서의 비소 용출률은 연간 약 3.05∼3.89%를 나타내었으며, 석회 1%를 혼합하여 복토한 경우 저수지 바닥으로부터 비소 용출률은 연간 0.11∼0.05%를 나타내어 석회를 혼합한 복토처리 시 저수지 바닥에서 수계로의 비소 용출은 약 40배 이상 감소 할 수 있는 것으로 나타나, 수몰된 농경지 복원에 매우 적절한 방법으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 토양 세척법을 이용하여 하천 퇴적토를 복원하는 경우, 세척 효율을 규명하기 위하여 하천 퇴적토 3종류에 대하여 초산, 구연산, 염산 각 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0N 수용액과 증류수에 대하여 각각 토양 세척 효율 배치 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과 염산과 구연산 용액으로 세척하는 경우 0.05 N에서 한 시료를 제외하고는 비소에 대하여 99.9% 이상의 제거 효과를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 비소로 오염된 하천 퇴적토는 적절한 세정용액을 이용한 세척과정에 의해서 충분히 제거 될 수 있는 것으로 나타나, 기존 오염 퇴적토 내 비소의 90% 이상을 효과적으로 제거할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 오염 지도에 근거하여 산출된 복원 물량에 대하여 토양세척법을 이용하는 경우 복원 비용을 산출하였으며, 이와 같은 자료는 고로폐광산 주변 오염 토양에 대한 실제 복원 공정의 설계에 중요한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.560-568
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• 2007

The objectives of this study were to analyze ecological effects on effluents from the Sagok Stream (Chonnam province) as an abandoned mine drainage through necropsy-based health assessments and fish exposure tests, and to conduct In situ field pilot tests for restoration of stream water. Also, we analyzed water quality including general parameters and heavy metals. The tests were performed three times on April 2005, April 2006, and April 2007. Also, we constructed a reactor facility in the outflowing point of the abandoned mine for the remediation of AMD wastewater. In lab test, death rates in all three treatments were ${\geq}50%$ in the experiments. Necropsybased fish tissue assessments using the Health Assessment Index (HAI), indicated that the most frequently damaged tissue was liver (average: 20.8). Values of Health Assessment Index were lower in the control than any other treatments of T1, T2, and T3 and three treatments showed a distinct toxicity impacts by the AMD. In situ lethal test, concentration of Fe, Al and Zn decreased particularly by 85%, 99% and 94%, respectively through the disposal facility. Values of pH, ranged from 3.1 to 7.0, increased by 2.3 fold (mean=5.1) along with the reduction of metal contents. All fishes in P1 cage died 100% on 3 days later after the experimental setting, while all fishes in the P6 died 100% on 9 days later. Overall, these results evidently provide a key methodology for pilot test using the disposal facility and also clarify the toxicity of AMD once again, so this approach used in the pilot facilities here may reduce the acidic and toxic effects in the abandoned mining drainage.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2007년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.458-461
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• 2007

이 논문은 2006년 집중호우로 인하여 발생한 강원지역의 도로시설물 피해 원인 및 대책에 대하여 기술하였다. 최근 집중호우로 인하여 산악지형에 위치한 도로는 계곡하천의 급류와 계곡 상류지역에서 발생한 토석류 등에 의하여 유실 및 붕괴가 발생하고 있다. 피해의 주요 원인은 계곡부의 산지하천의 급류에 의한 만곡부 및 수충부의 침식과 토석류 및 부유목 등에 의한 횡단배수암거의 통수능 부족 등이다. 따라서, 산악지형의 도로시설물에 대하여 주요 원인에 대하여 도로 배수시설물의 확대 및 토석류 대책 등이 필요하다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2006년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.183-193
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• 2006

Several metalliferous and coal mines, including Seojin and Okdong located at the Kangwon province, were abandoned or closed since 1989 due to the mining industry promotion policy and thus disposed an enormous amount of mining wastes without a proper treatment facilities, resulting in water and soil pollution in the downstream areas. However, no quantitative assessment was made on soil and water pollution by the transport of mining wastes such as acid mine drainage, mine tailing, and rocky waste. In this research, total and fractional concentrations of heavy metals in mining wastes were analyzed and accordingly the degree of water and soil pollutions in the stream area were quantitatively assessed employing the several pollution indices. Concentrations of Ni, Cd, and Pb in soils near the abandoned coal mine areas were 1,240.0, 25.0 and 1,093.0 mg/kg, respectively, and these concentrations were higher than those in soils near the closed metalliferous mine areas. Also Cu concentrations in soils near the tailing dams were about 1967 mg/kg, which is considered as very polluted level. Results demonstrated that soil at the abandoned mine areas were highly contaminated by AMO, tailing, and effluents of the mining wastes. Therefore, a prompt countermeasure on the mining waste treatment and remediation of the codntaminated water and soil should be made to the abandoned or closed metalliferous and coal mines located at the abandoned mine area.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2006

Recently, the population growth, industrial and agricultural development are rapidly undergoing in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) in Texas. The Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) composed of the 4 counties and three of them are interesting for Non-point and point source pollutant modeling: Starr, Cameron, and Hidalgo. Especially, the LRGV is an intensively irrigation region, and Texas A&M University Agriculture Program and the New Mexico State University College of Agriculture applied irrigation district program, projects in GIS and Hydrology based agricultural water management systems and assessment of prioritized protecting stream network, water quality and rehabilitation based on water saving potential in Rio Grande River. In the LRGV region, where point and non-point sources of pollution may be a big concern, because increasing fertilizers and pesticides use and population cause. This project objective seeks to determine the accumulation of non-point and point source and discuss the main impacts of agriculture and environmental concern with water quality related to pesticides, fertilizer, and nutrients within LRGV region. The GIS technique is widely used and developed for the assessment of non-point source pollution in LRGV region. This project shows the losses in $kg/km^2/yr$ of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), TN (total Nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) in the runoff from the surface of LRGV. Especially, farmers in Cameron County consume a lot of fertilizer and pesticide to improve crop yield net profit. Then, this region can be created as larger nonpoint source area for nutrients and the intensity of runoff by excess irrigation water. And many sediment and used irrigation water with including high nutrients can be discharged into Rio Grade River.