• Title/Summary/Keyword: stream bank

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Variation of Filamentous Periphyton Chlorophyll-a in accordance with Water Velocity and Specific Surface Area of Media in Small Urban Stream (도시 소하천에서 유속, 비표면적에 따른 사상형 부착조류의 Chlorophyll-a 변화)

  • Ahn, Chang Hyuk;Joo, Jin Chul;Lee, Saeromi;Oh, Ju Hyun;Ahn, Hosang;Song, Ho Myeon
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.551-558
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    • 2013
  • The feasibility of water supply as in-stream flow for Mangwall stream was analyzed in terms of water quality and cultivation periphyton using two different types of water resources (e.g., surface water and bank filtration from Han River basin) and three different types of media (e.g., tile, concrete and pebble). The concentrations of organic and inorganic contaminants from the bank filtration were lower than those from surface water by 17.5 - 55.0%. Using water samples collected from Mangwall stream, surface water, and bank filtration, chlorophyll-a, phaeopigment, and growth rate of periphyton were investigated. During 30 day incubation for each water sample, it was observed that filamentous cyanobacteria, Oscillatoriaceae, accounted for 98%, and water velocity of 5 cm/s was optimum for the in situ filamentous cyanobacteria growth. Also, it was deducted for water velocity and chl-a to have an inverse correlation. Meanwhile, the greater the specific surface area of media, the higher the concentration of chl-a. From these results, both water velocity and specific surface area of media should be considered as an combined parameter to deter the growth of filamentous cyanobacteria.

A Study on the Effect of Water Level and Inundation Period on the Plant Coverage of Revegetation Methods of Stream Bank in the Coastal Reclaimed Land - Focus on a Case of the Test-bed of the Simgok Stream in Incheon - (해안매립지 하천의 수위 및 침수기간이 저수하안 식생공법의 식생피도에 미치는 영향 - 인천광역시 심곡천 실험구의 사례를 중심으로 -)

  • Shin, Beom-Kyun;Kim, Hyea-Ju;Choi, Gye-Woon;Han, Man-Shin
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.437-445
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    • 2012
  • The study performed the implementation monitoring of the revegetation methods applied to the test-bed of Simgok Stream in Incheon to identify the effect of water level and inundation period on the vegetation coverage of the stream bank revegetation methods. The categories of monitoring included the plant species and plant coverage for each method, physicochemical property of soil, water level and water quality. The result of monitoring revealed that plant growth conditions of all revegetation methods of each stream bank were good in the first survey as of May 2010. However, in the second survey of June 2011 when inundation period was less than a week, plant growth conditions and coverage of revegetation methods were partially bad. In the third survey as of August 2011 when inundation period was longest as 8 weeks during survey period, most vegetations did not survive except for Phragmites communis. But plant species number and plant coverage were increased gradually in the forth survey as of October 2011 when inundation period was less than 2 weeks so water level decreased more than that of third survey. Accordingly, the correlation analysis among number of plant species and plant coverage on stream bank, which applied revegetation method, water level and inundation period was performed for quantitative analysis. The result revealed that number of plant species and plant coverage has a negative correlation with water level and inundation period, but inundation period had higher correlation with plant occurrence than water level.

Effect of New Mattress System with Vegetation Base Materials on the Vegetation Coverage of Stream bank (계안 복원을 위한 매트리스형 식생기반재 돌망태 공법의 계안사면 피복효과)

  • Choi, Hyung Tae;Jeong, Yong-Ho;Park, Jae-Hyeon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.101 no.2
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    • pp.175-184
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to develop new mattress systems with vegetation base materials for protecting stream bank and rapid rehabilitation. Vegetation base materials are primarily compounded with fine soil, organic composts and peat moss as plant fibers, a water retainer and a soil improver. Peat moss can usually provide necessary natural fibers and organic materials in soil. Especially, peat moss can absorb up to 25 times its own weight in water and is therefore valued as a water retainer to prevent drying effect of vegetation base materials which can harm the growth of vegetation in mattresses. Normally mattress systems resist the lateral earth pressures or stream power by their own weight. Therefore, filled materials must have suitable weight, compressive strength and durability to resist the loading, as well as the effects of water and weathering. In this project, 100 to 200-mm clean, hard stones were basically specified, and about 50-mm rubbles were also used. Test application of new mattress system carried out in the stream bank of a small stream in the Gwangreung experimental forest, belonging to Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) in December 16th, 2006. As a result of the monitoring of vegetation coverage of test application plots (each plot size is 4 by 2 m), the coverage of all plots reached 100% in the end of May, 2007 (approximately 50 days passed after the first gemination of vegetation). The coverage of the plots using big hard stones and organic composts and the plots containing peat moss increased more rapidly. The results show that peat moss is effective to retain soil moisture and establish more sound environment for vegetation gemination.

Potential of River Bottom and Bank Erosion for River Restoration after Dam Slit in the Mountain Stream

  • Kang, Ji-Hyun;So, Kazama
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.46-46
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    • 2011
  • Severe sediment erosion during floods occur disaster and economic losses, but general sediment erosion is basic mechanism to move sediment from upstream to downstream river. In addition, it is important process to change river form. Check dam, which is constructed in mountain stream, play a vital role such as control of sudden debris flow, but it has negative aspects to river ecosystem. Now a day, check dam of open type is an alternative plan to recover river biological diversity and ecosystem through sediment transport while maintaining the function of disaster control. The purpose of this paper is to verify sediment erosion progress of river bottom and bank as first step for river restoration after dam slit by cross-sectional shear stress and critical shear stress. Study area is upstream reach of slit check dam in mountain stream, named Wasada, in Japan. The check dam was slit with two passages in August, 2010. The transects were surveyed for four upstream cross-sections, 7.4 m, 34 m, 86 m, and 150 m distance from dam in October 2010. Sediment size was surveyed at river bottom and bank. Sediment of cobble size was found at the wetted bottom, and small size particles of sand to medium gravel composed river bank. Discharge was $2.5\;m^3/s$ and bottom slope was 0.027 m/m. Excess shear stress (${\tau}_{ex}$) was calculated for hydraulic erosion by subtracting the values of critical shear stress (${\tau}_{c}$) from the value of shear stress (${\tau}$) at river bottom and bank (${\tau}_{ex}=\tau-{\tau}_c$). Shear stress of river bottom (${\tau}_{bottom}$) was calculated using the cross-sectional shear stress, and bank shear stress (${\tau}_{bank}$) was calculated from the method of Flintham and Carling (1988). $${\tau}_{bank}={\tau}^*SF_{bank}((B+P_{bed})/(2^*P_{bank}))$$ where $SF_{bank}=1.77(P_{bed}/p_{bank}+1.5)^{-1.4}$, B is the water surface width, $P_{bed}$ and $P_{bank}$ are wetted parameter of the bed and bank. Estimated values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ for a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$ were lower as 25.0 (7.5 m cross-section), 25.7 (34 m), 21.3 (86 m) and 19.8 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, than critical shear stress (${\tau}_c=62.1\;N/m^2$) with cobble of 64 mm. The values were insufficient to erode cobble sediment. In contrast, even if the values of ${\tau}_{bank}$ were lower than the values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ as 18.7 (7.5 m), 19.3 (34 m), 16.1 (86 m) and 14.7 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, excess shear stresses were calculated at the three cross-sections of 7.5 m, 34 m, and 86 m distances compare with ${\tau}_c$ is 15.5 N/$m^2$ of 16mm gravel. Bank shear stresses were sufficient for erosion of the medium gravel to sand. Therefore there is potential to erode lateral bank than downward erosion in a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$. Undercutting of the wetted bank can causes bank scour or collapse, therefore this channel has potential to become wider at the same time. This research is about a potential of sediment erosion, and the result could not verify with real data. Therefore it need next step for verification. In addition an erosion mechanism for river restoration is not simple because discharge distribution is variable by snow-melting or rainy season, and a function for disaster control will recover by big precipitation event. Therefore it needs to consider the relationship between continuous discharge change and sediment erosion.

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창원시 대산면 강변여과수의 수질과 낙동강 수질의 관련성 연구

  • 장성;함세영;김형수;차용훈;정재열
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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    • 2004.04a
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    • pp.451-454
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    • 2004
  • The study aims to assess the quality of bank filtrate in relation to streamflow and physico-chemical properties of the stream. Turbidity, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) of Nakdong River and riverbank filtrate were statistically analyzed. The physico-chemical properties of riverbank filtrate were measured from irregularly different seven pumping wells every day. Autocorrelation analyses were conducted to the qualities of stream water and bank filtrated water. Temperature, pH and DO of streamflow shows strong linearity and long memory effect, indicating the effect of seasonal air temperature and rainy season. Temperature of riverbank filtrate shows weak linearity and weak memory, indicating differently from the trend of stream temperature. Turbidity of steramflow shows strong linearity and long memory effect, while turbidity of riverbank filtrate indicates weak linearity and weak memory. Cross-correlation analysis shows low relation between turbidity, pH, temperature and DO of riverbank filtrate and those of streamflow. Turbidity of streamflow was largely affected by the streamflow rate, showing a similar trend with autocorrelation function of streamflow rate. The turbidity of riverbank filtrate has a lag time of 25 hours. This indicates that turbidity of streamflow in a dry season has very low effect on the turbidity of riverbank filtrate, and a high turbidity of the stream in a rainy season has a fairly low effect on the turbidity of riverbank filtrate.

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Assessment of Stream Naturalness Considering Physical, Biological, and Chemical Factors (물리·생물·화학인자를 고려한 하천자연도 평가 : 목감천 하류 구간을 대상으로)

  • Kang, Won-Gu;Chung, Eun-Sung;Lee, Kil Seong
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.218-227
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    • 2011
  • The objective approach for assessment of stream naturalness is an essential part of the stream restoration project. This study proposes the methodology for the assessment of stream naturalness considering physical, biological and chemical factors. Physical factors consists of riffle and pool, river bed material, bank protection, floodplain vegetation and levee materials; biological factors are benthic macroinvertebrate, KSI (Korean Saprobic Index), and IBI (Index of Biological Integrity) and chemical factors are pH, DO (dissolved oxygen), and TP (total phosphorus). This procedure is applied to the Mokgamcheon. As a result, the downstream of Mokgamcheon (zone I) needs the prompt improvement of stream naturalness, compared to the others (zone II and III). This evaluation technique will be an effective tool to quantify the stream naturalness and can be used to set the target of stream restoration project.

Research on Characteristics of Vegetation Subsequent to Crossing Structure of the Urban Streams - Centering on the Cases of Dorimcheon, Banghakcheon, Seongnaecheon and Yangjaecheon in Seoul - (도시하천의 횡단구조에 따른 식생분포특성 연구 -서울시 도림천, 방학천, 성내천, 양재천을 사례로-)

  • Bae, Jung-Hee;Lee, Kyong-Jae;Han, Bong-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.268-279
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    • 2008
  • This study is aimed at typifying the crossing structure and inquiring into the characteristics of vegetation distribution by type targeting Dorimcheon(stream), Banghakcheon(stream), Seongnaecheon(stream) and some sections of Yangjaecheon(stream) in Seoul through the establishment of basic data for restoring vegetation in urban stream. This research classified the crossing structure into 56 slope types and 31 vertical types in combination with the three items, such as bank slope(vertical style, slope style) of bank, absence or presence of waterside, and revetment structure. This research derived nine slope types including SB1 (revetment of low water level-revetment with vegetation, and revetment of high water level-nature riverside) including SG5(revetment of low water-concrete, and revetment of high water level-riprap work), and three vertical types, such as VH4(bank revetment-wet masonry), and VH7(bank revetment - concrete )from the target survey areas. Among these, both revetment of low water level and high water level were found to be distributed on the longest section as the type of SG7 and VG7 structured in concrete. As a result of inquiry and analysis of micro topography structure and vegetation structure of eight major types, this research could find out the influence of crossing structure on plant vegetation according to the characteristic by typified item, but there appeared no distinct characteristic of vegetation distribution by crossing structure.

″Drifting Cups on a Meandering Stream″ in China

  • Wei, Qing-Ding;Jia, Cong-Xian;Guang Chen
    • Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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    • v.15 no.12
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    • pp.1757-1761
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    • 2001
  • "Drifting cups on a meandering stream" is a same originating from the ancient China. It takes advantage of the stopover of the cup at the different positions on a meandering stream to choose a person sitting on the bank to participate the game. In this paper, a model is devised to make the cups move around or stop at some place on the stream as required by the game. A typical flow field Is abstracted and studied using the PIV technique and the topological analysis. Some motions of the cup on the stream have been explained in the mechanics theory.

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Numerical analysis of lateral geomorphology changes by channel bed deposition and bank erosion at the river confluence section (합류부 구간에서의 하상퇴적과 하안침식에 의한 평면적 하도변화 수치모의)

  • Ji, Un;Jang, Eun Kyung
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.49 no.5
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    • pp.391-398
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    • 2016
  • The confluence section of rivers forms complex flow pattern due to inflow discharge variation at the mainstream and tributary. Due to complex flow characteristics, bed change and bank erosion at the local section produce lateral geomorphology changes in rivers. In this study, bankline change by bank erosion and bed change were simulated using CCHE2D of 2-dimensional numerical model for quantitative analysis of lateral changes in the confluence section of South Han River and Geumdang Stream. As a result, bankline at the left-side channel of the mainstream was largely changed in the downstream section of the confluence compared to the upstream section. Also, bank erosion in the tributary was hardly occurred and bankline at the left-side tributary and right-side main stream moved to riverside land due to decreased velocity and deposition.

A Review of Stream Assessment Methodologies and Restoration: The Case of Virginia, USA

  • Bender, Shera M.;Ahn, Chang-Woo
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.69-79
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    • 2011
  • Rapid population growth and land use changes have severely degraded streams across the United States. In response, there has been a surge in the number of stream restoration projects, including stream restoration for mitigation purposes. Currently, most projects do not include evaluation and monitoring, which are critical in the success of stream restoration projects. The goal of this study is to review the current status of assessment methodologies and restoration approaches for streams in Virginia, with the aim of assisting the restoration community in making sound decisions. As part of the study, stream restoration projects data from a project in Fairfax County, Virginia was assessed. This review revealed that the stream assessment methodologies currently applied to restoration are visuallybased and do not include biological data collection and/or a method to incorporate watershed information. It was found from the case study that out of the twenty nine restoration projects that had occurred between 1995 and 2003 in Fairfax County, nineteen projects reported bank stabilization as a goal or the only goal, indicating an emphasis on a single physical component rather than on the overall ecological integrity of streams. It also turned out that only seven projects conducted any level of monitoring as part of the restoration, confirming the lack of evaluation and monitoring. However, Fairfax County has recently improved its stream restoration practices by developing and incorporating watershed management plans. This now provides one of the better cases that might be looked upon by stakeholders when planning future stream restoration projects.