• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.631-648
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• 2012

The integrative ecological approaches of chemical assessments, physical habitat modelling, and multi-metric biological health modelling were applied to Gwanpyeong Stream within Gap-Stream watersheds to evaluate environmental impacts on the constructions of residential and commercial complex. For the analysis, the surveys conducted from 45 sites of reference streams within the Gap-Stream watershed and 3 regular sites during 2009 - 2010. Physical habitat health, based on the habitat model of Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index(QHEI) declined from the headwaters(good - fair condition) to the downstream(poor condition). Chemical water quality, based turbidity and electric conductivity(EC), was degraded toward to the downstream, and especially showed abrupt increases, compared to the values of control streams(CS). Also, concentrations of chlorophyll-a in the downstreams were greater compared to the control stream(CS), indicating an eutrophication. Biological health conditions, based on the Index of Biological Integrity(IBI) using fish assemblages, averaged 19.3 which is judged as a fair condition by the biological criteria of the Ministry of Environment, Korea. The comparisons of model metric values in sensitive species and riffle-benthic species on the Maximum Species Richness Line(MSRL) of 45 reference streams indicated a massive disturbances in all sampling locations. Also, tolerance guild and trophic guild analyses suggest that dominances of tolerant species and omnivores were evident, indicating a biological degradation by habitat disturbances and organic matter pollutions. There was no distinct longitudinal variations of IBI model values from the headwater to the downstream in spite of slight chemical and habitat health gradients among the sampling sites. Overall, integrative ecological health(IEH) scores, based on the chemical, physical, and biological parameters, were low compared to the 45 reference streams due to physical and chemical disturbances of massive constructions of the residential and commercial complex. This stream, thus showed a tendency of typical urban streams which are disturbed in the chemical water quality, habitat structures, and biological integrity. Effective stream management plans and restoration strategies are required in this urban stream for improving integrative stream health.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.164-174
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• 2021

개체수와 종수에 기초한 기존 생물다양성 평가와 달리, 계통적 다양성 평가는 계통유전적 다양성 및 생태적 다양성도 평가할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 서울특별시 철새보호구역으로 지정되어 다년간의 생태모니터링이 용이한 한강의 주요 하천인 중랑천, 청계천 및 안양천의 지난 9년간의 겨울철 조류상 장기 모니터링 결과를 이용하여 기존의 다양성 평가와 계통적 다양성 평가를 각각 수행한 뒤 각 결과가 내포하는 정보에 대해 고찰했다. 분석결과 중랑천과 안양천은 전반적으로 조류 개체수가 시계열적으로 감소한 반면 청계천은 개체수 변동이 없었다. 종 풍부도는 청계천에서 시간에 따라 소폭 상승한 반면, 중랑천과 안양천은 연도별로 차이가 없었다. 기존 종 다양도는 안양천을 제외한 중랑천과 청계천에서 시간에 따라 증가했는데, 계통적 종 다양도는 청계천에서만 증가하는 추세를 보였다. 이러한 생물다양성 평가 지수의 변동은 각 조사구역 내에서 발생한 공사 등의 인위적 요인에 의한 것으로 판단되며, 종 다양도와 계통적 종 다양도는 같은 결과를 반영하지 않는다는 것을 보여준다. 따라서 본 연구는 생물다양성 평가에 있어 유전 및 생태적 관점과 같은 다양한 시각에서 고려할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2010

The aim of this study was performed to determine the inter-rater reliability of the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (STREAM) translated in Korean. This was a new clinical measurement tool for evaluating the recovery of voluntary movement and basic mobility following stroke. A direct-observation reliability study was conducted on 20 patients who had strokes and were in a rehabilitation setting. Subjects were assessed by two physical therapists. The reliability of the STREAM scores was demonstrated by weighted kappa statistics for inter-rater agreement on scores for individual items ranged from .83 to 1.0, intraclass correlation coefficients for total score was .99, and for subscale scores was ranged from .96 to .99. The internal consistency of the STREAM scores was demonstrated by Cronbach alphas of greater than .99 on the subscales and overall. These high levels of reliability support the use of the STREAM translated in Korean instrument for the measurement of motor recovery following stroke.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2005

In this study, field surveys were performed for 12 stations in main stream of Hongjechun and 3 stations in 2 tributaries, respectively, in order to find out dried reaches of the stream, and to examine the water quality of the stream, and to suggest methods to improve the stream concerned into eco-stream. In the results of water quality in stream, however distinct difference for seasonal variation of the water quality was not found, the water quality of winter was relatively better than that of other seasons. Annual mean concentration of BOD was 6.5mg/L in the upper reach, 11.8mg/L in the middle reach, 15.3mg/L in the lower reach of main stream, and total mean was 12.5mg/L, while the BOD concentration was 3.6mg/L in the upper reach, and was 9.6mg/L in the low reach of Gukichun, the tributary. Based on flow examination, the level of water depth was so low and the flow can not be traveled downstream in the reach between ST-9 and ST-10 for low water season, whereas it was observed that the flow was traveling except the dry season even the water level was lower than that of adjacent stations.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.83-97
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• 2009

The objects of study is to propose criteria for physical river disturbance assessment and as case study to show the application results for river improvement. For this purpose, the river disturbance assessment method for past disturbance process and the present-day potential natural state of stream is proposed. To assess the disturbance of the Youngcheon River caused by river improvement, One ares of Nam River was selected for the reference reach and two areas of Youngcheon River were selected for the comparison reach. And these reaches were surveyed and analyzed according to applying criteria of the river disturbances assessment. The assessment indices were physical factors as like epifaunal (bottom), embededness, velocity/depth regime, sediment deposition, channel flow status, channel alteration, frequency of riffles, bank stability, vegetative protection and riparian zone etc. The results showed that physical river environment in Youngcheon River area was disturbed by artificial revetment and bed excavation, consequently this disturbance give rise to impact of ecosystem in river. Hereafter, the criteria for river disturbance assessment are needed to consider various river characters as bed materials and bed slop etc.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2024

Small streams, despite their rich ecosystems, face challenges in vegetation assessment due to the limitations of traditional, time-consuming methods. This study presents a groundbreaking approach, combining unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs), convolutional neural networks(CNNs), and the vegetation differential vegetation index (VDVI), to revolutionize both assessment and management of stream vegetation. Focusing on Idong Stream in South Korea (2.7 km long, 2.34 km² basin area)with eight diverse revetment methods, we leveraged high-resolution RGB images captured by UAVs across five dates (July-December). These images trained a ResNeXt101 CNN model, achieving an impressive 89% accuracy in classifying vegetation cover(soil,water, and vegetation). This enabled detailed spatial and temporal analysis of vegetation distribution. Further, VDVI calculations on classified vegetation areas allowed assessment of vegetation vitality. Our key findings showcase the power of this approach:(a) TheCNN model generated highly accurate cover maps, facilitating precise monitoring of vegetation changes overtime and space. (b) August displayed the highest average VDVI(0.24), indicating peak vegetation growth crucial for stabilizing streambanks and resisting flow. (c) Different revetment methods impacted vegetation vitality. Fieldstone sections exhibited initial high vitality followed by decline due to leaf browning. Block-type sections and the control group showed a gradual decline after peak growth. Interestingly, the "H environment block" exhibited minimal change, suggesting potential benefits for specific ecological functions.(d) Despite initial differences, all sections converged in vegetation distribution trends after 15 years due to the influence of surrounding vegetation. This study demonstrates the immense potential of UAV-based remote sensing and CNNs for revolutionizing small-stream vegetation assessment and management. By providing high-resolution, temporally detailed data, this approach offers distinct advantages over traditional methods, ultimately benefiting both the environment and surrounding communities through informed decision-making for improved stream health and ecological conservation.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.768-783
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• 2006

Biological stream environment assessment has been an essential trend of aquatic ecosystems among advanced countries, because the chemical water quality assessment has limitations that only represent temporal water environmental status. Benthic macroinvertebrates are the most popular bioindicator group useful to biological water quality assessment for a long time. In addition, a number of indices using benthic macroinvertebrates have recently been developed not only for water quality assessment but also for ecological health assessment. In this paper Korean Saprobic Index (KSI) based on Zelinka-Marvan's saprobic valency concept is developed by applying DIN 38410 in Germany. The KSI value was widely applicable to most Korean streams with the exception of sand-based large streams, for example main stream of Nakdong River. But as a result of non-linear regression analysis the correlation between KSI and $BOD_5$ concentration was high and KSI reflected water quality alteration for mid and long-term period. In spite of applicability of KSI, it should be supplemented and developed to make it strong by accumulating field data as well as to manage integrated water environment in general through continuous biomonitoring.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.281-297
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• 2011

The specie composition, stranding crops and the dominant species of phytoplankton were studied in three streams, Namdae-stream, Yeongok-stream and Sacheon-stream from May 2008 to February 2009. The water qualities of the three streams which run into estuary were also examined using phytoplankton indicators. As the result, the phytoplankton appeared 94 taxa in Namdae-stream, 79 taxa in Yeongok-stream and 73 taxa in Sacheon-stream, diatoms appeared the most in phytoplankton. Genus Navicula and Cymbella in diatoms appeared to be over 10 taxa in each stream, N. cryptocephala, N. cryptotenella and N. gregaria, the pollution tolerance taxa, appeared more frequent in the downstream. Due to the separation of each substrate by the rapid water velocity in the upstream, Achnanthes minutissima, a known periphyton, was dominant in upstream site at Namdae and Yeongok-stream. Some construction areas and sites of downstream of Namdae-stream, Yeongok-stream and Sacheon-stream were shown to be polluted because pollution tolerance taxa, such as Cyclotella meneghiniana, Nitzschia palea and Oscillatoria limnetica, were dominant. The total of 20 taxa phytoplankton indicators were found, composed of 16 taxa of Water pollution algae including Oscillatoria limosa, 2 taxa of Clean water algae Meridion circulare and Staurastrum puntulatum, 1 taxa of Toxic algae Microcystis aeruginosa and 1 taxa of Taste and odor algae Fragilaria construens. Water pollution indicators were appeared frequently in polluted sites of biological water quality(DAIpo, TDI) and of sites containing high trophic state index(TSI). Therefore, using the phytoplankton indicators can assess water quality through relation of biological water quality and trophic state index.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권3B호
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• pp.283-296
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 현재의 하천상태를 진단할 수 있는 도시하천 평가기법을 제시하였다. 이를 위해 국내 외 하천평가에 대한 문헌 및 연구자료를 조사하고 비교 분석하였으며, 예비하천조사를 실시하고 도시하천의 특성 및 하천의 치수기능 등을 고려하여 하천의 상태를 평가할 수 있는 평가인자를 도출하였다. 도시하천 평가기법은 상위단계, 중간단계, 하위단계의 3단계로 구성하였다. 상위단계에서 하천의 기능을 고려하여 제방, 하천, 생태환경의 3개 특성으로 구분하고, 중간단계에서는 3개 특성이 변형되고 훼손된 정도를 설명할 수 있는 10개의 평가부문(제방, 수로, 흐름, 하상, 비인공화 정도, 저수로변과 홍수터, 하천주변, 동물상, 식물상, 수질)으로 나누었으며, 하위단계에서는 도출된 53개의 평가항목을 구성요소로하여 단계적 평가가 가능한 평가기법을 제시하였다. 특성간, 평가부문간 가중치를 산정하기 위하여 하천전문가를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고, 이를 AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 하천의 규모와 복원정도를 고려하여 수원천, 안양천, 중랑천을 대상하천으로 선정하고 평가를 실시하여 도시하천 평가기법의 적용성과 평가정보의 가치 수준을 확인하였다. 평가결과는 항목지수, 부문지수, 특성지수, 총괄지수 및 평가등급으로 하천의 상태를 나타냈다. 본 연구에서 제시한 하천평가기법에 따른 하천평가결과는 하천이 변형되고 훼손된 부분과 정도를 파악함으로써 도시하천의 복원과 관리에 필요한 기초자료로 활용되어 질 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2015

The chemical water quality and fish assemblage of Dong Stream to assessment of environmental improvement after discharge seawater were investigated from July to December 2013. BOD and DO were significantly different between before and after discharge seawater, while pH and SS did not significant. A total of 11 fish species, 218 individuals and 10,525.1g were collected. Dominant fish species were Mugil cephalus, Konosirus punctatus, Acanthogobius flavimanus and Leiognathus nuchalis which account for 77.5% of total individuals collected, and they were estuarian species. Peak number of species and individuals, and biomass occurred in September, whereas diversity index were highest in November. The water ecosystem of Dong Stream have been changed estuarian environment. As a result of stream assessment on water quality and ecosystem, water quality have been improved as 'III' grade. These results suggested that stream restoration policies such as drain pipes maintenance, management of pollution sources and riverbed dredging to improve environment and recover habitate of Dong Stream were need for set up and establishment of regular monitoring system.