• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2010

Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels have attracted great attention due to their excellent mechanical properties of high tensile strength (over 800MPa) and high ductility (over 50%), which result from the high strain hardening due to the mechanical twin formation during plastic deformation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of annealing temperature and alloying elements on the mechanical properties of Fe-18Mn-0.6C TWIP steel. In 1.5%Al TWIP steel with 0.123%Ti content, the average recrystallized grain size was reduced to 2.5 ${\mu}m$ by cold rolling and annealing at $800^{\circ}C$ for 5 min, because of the pinning effect of the fine TiC carbides on grain coarsening. The tensile strength was decreased and the ductility was improved with the increase of the annealing temperature. However, a reversion of hardness and yield strength happened between $750^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$ due to TiC and $M_3C$ type precipitation. 0.56% Ni added TWIP steel exhibited relatively lower yield strength, because Ni precipitates were not formed during the annealing process. When this specimen was annealed at $800^{\circ}C$ for 5min, the tensile strength and elongation were revealed at 1096MPa and 61.8%, respectively.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.293-297
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• 2007

Microstructure and tensile strength of the vacuum brazed stainless steel(STS303) and Cu were investigated. For brazing, the BNi-2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 (A.W.S standard) were used as filler metals. The Oxides such as $Cr_2O_3$ and $SiO_2$ were observed at brazed layers between STS303 and Cu matrix. Also, the intermetallic compounds of Cr-B and Ni-P were observed at brazed layers. Brazed STS303-Cu specimens with BNi-2, 3, 4 filler metals showed almost elastic deformation followed by plastic yielding and strain hardening up to a peak stress. On the other hand, it is likely that the fracture of the brazed specimens with BNi-6 and 7 was occurred in elastic range without plastic yielding up to a peak stress. Among these filler metals, the BNi-2 brazed at $1050^{\circ}C$ showed excellent wettability and the highest tensile strength (101.6MPa).

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.385-395
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• 2011

교량용 HSB 고성능 강재를 적용한 정모멘트부 강합성 복합단면 거더의 휨저항강도를 모멘트-곡률 해석법으로 산정하고 LRFD 휨저항강도 설계식에 의한 휨저항강도와 비교하여 기존 설계식의 적용성을 검토하였다. 강거더의 하부플랜지는 HSB800 강재를 상부플랜지와 복부판은 HSB600 강재를 적용하였다. 다양한 연성특성을 갖는 6,205개 단면을 임의추출법으로 선정하고 재료 비선형 모멘트-곡률 해석 프로그램을 이용하여 이들 단면에 대한 휨저항강도를 구하였다. 합성단면을 구성하는 콘크리트 재료는 CEB-FIP 모델로, HSB600 및 HSB800 강재는 탄소성-변형경화 재료로 모델링하였으며 콘크리트 바닥판의 압축강도는 30MPa, 45MPa 및 60MPa를 고려하였다. HSB 강재를 적용한 강합성 복합단면 거더의 연성계수와 콘크리트 바닥판의 압축강도에 따른 휨저항강도 특성을 분석하였다. HSB 고성능강을 적용한 이종 복합단면 강합성 거더의 모멘트-곡률해석 결과, 현 AASHTO LRFD 정모멘트부 휨저항강도 산정식을 적용할 수 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2013

As thermosonic ball bonding is developed for more and more advanced applications in the electronic packaging industry, the control of process stresses induced on the integrated circuits becomes more important. If Cu bonding wire is used instead of Au wire, larger ultrasonic levels are common during bonding. For advanced microchips the use of Cu based wire is risky because the ultrasonic stresses can cause chip damage. This risk needs to be managed by e.g. the use of ultrasound during the impact stage of the ball on the pad ("pre-bleed") as it can reduce the strain hardening effect, which leads to a softer deformed ball that can be bonded with less ultrasound. To find the best profiles of ultrasound during impact, a numerical model is reported for ultrasonic bonding with capillary dynamics combined with a geometrical model describing ball deformation based on volume conservation and stress balance. This leads to an efficient procedure of ball bond modelling bypassing plasticity and contact pairs. The ultrasonic force and average stress at the bond zone are extracted from the numerical experiments for a $50{\mu}m$ diameter free air ball deformed by a capillary with a hole diameter of $35{\mu}m$ at the tip, a chamfer diameter of $51{\mu}m$, a chamfer angle of $90^{\circ}$, and a face angle of $1^{\circ}$. An upper limit of the ultrasonic amplitude during impact is derived below which the ultrasonic shear stress at the interface is not higher than 120 MPa, which can be recommended for low stress bonding.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2010

본 연구는 철골 모멘트 골조의 이력거동을 잘 나타내는 강도한계 이선형 단자유도 시스템에 대하여 지반조건, 후탄성 기울기, 감쇠비, 항복강도 저감계수, 고유주기 등의 변화가 비탄성변위비에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. NEHRP의 기준에 따라 B(보통암지반), C(매우 조밀한 토사지반), D(단단한 토사지반)의 지반조건에 해당하는 총 240개의 지진 가속도에 대하여 비선형 시간이력 해석을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 비탄성 거동 하에서 P-$\Delta$ 효과를 반영할 수 있도록 음강성비를 -0.1 에서 -0.5까지 고려하였다. 비선형 회귀분석을 통하여 감쇠비 2%, 5%, 10%, 20%에 대한 강도한계 이선형 모델의 비탄성 변위비와 로그표준편차식을 제안하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.2581-2589
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• 2002

In this research, fretting tests were conducted in air to investigate the wear characteristics of fuel cladding materials with the fretting parameters such as normal load, slip amplitude, frequency and the number of cycles. A high frequency fretting wear tester was designed for this experiment by KAERI. After the experiments, the wear volume and the shape of wear contour were measured by the surface roughness tester. Tribologically transformed structures(TTS) were analysed by means of optical and scanning electron microscopes to identify the main wear mechanisms. The results of this study showed that the wear volume were increased with increasing slip amplitude, and the shape of wear contour was transformed V-type to W-type. Also, it was found that the critical slip amplitude was 168${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. These phenomena mean that wear mechanism transformed partial slip to gross slip to accelerate wear volume. The wear depth increased with an increase of friction coefficient due to increase of normal load and frequency. The fretting wear mechanisms were believed that, after adhesion and surface plastic deformation occurred by relative sliding motion on the contact between two specimens, TTS creation was induced by surface strain hardening and wear debris were detached from the contact surface which were produced by the micro crack propagation and creation.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권6A호
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• pp.399-409
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• 2012

비세장 복부판을 갖고 균일모멘트를 받는 HSB 강재가 적용된 플레이트거더의 비탄성 횡비틀림좌굴 영역 휨강도 특성을 비선형 유한요소해석으로 분석하였다. HSB600 및 HSB800 강재로 제작된 균질단면 강거더와 HSB800 강재와 SM570-TMC 강재를 함께 적용한 하이브리드단면 거더를 고려하였으며, 일반강재와의 상대 비교를 위하여 SM490-TMC 강거더에 대한 해석도 수행하였다. 해석대상 비합성 I-거더 단면의 플랜지와 복부판을 쉘요소로 모델링하고 ABAQUS 프로그램을 이용하여 재료 및 기하학적 비선형 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 강재는 탄소성-변형경화 재료로 모델링하였고 초기변형과 단면의 잔류응력을 고려하였으며, 이들이 비탄성 횡비틀림좌굴 영역에서 휨거동에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. HSB 고강도강을 적용한 플레이트거더의 FE 해석과 한계상태법 도로교설계기준, AASHTO LRFD, Eurocode 등 국내외 주요 설계기준에 의한 공칭휨강도와 비교하고 이들 설계기준을 평가하였다.

• Composites Research
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.328-335
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• 2016

이 연구의 목적은 석회석 미분말을 사용하여 복합재료의 연성이 향상된 시멘트계 매트릭스 섬유복합재료(ECC)를 개발하고 이 재료로 제작된 구조부재의 휨성능을 평가하는 것이다. 재료 개발을 위하여 4가지 종류의 배합을 마이크로역학과 안정상태 균열 이론을 활용하였고, 이를 위하여 시멘트계 매트릭스의 파괴인성과 섬유-시멘트 매트릭스 경계면 특성을 파악하였다. 개발된 ECC의 1축 인장변형특성과 압축강도 특성이 실험적으로 평가되었다. 또한, 2개의 구조부재를 제작하여 휨실험을 수행하였고 그 결과를 재래식 콘크리트 구조부재의 성능과 비교하였다. 재료실험 결과로 석회석 미분말의 혼입률 증가에 따라 압축강도는 감소하지만 연성은 증가하였다. 부재 실험 결과, ECC 구조부재는 재래식 콘크리트 구조부재에 비하여 높은 휨연성, 높은 휨내력, 작은 균열폭을 나타내었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.507-528
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• 2016

Reduced beam section (RBS) moment resisting connections are among the most economical and practical rigid steel connections developed in the aftermath of the 1994 Northridge and the 1995 Kobe earthquakes. Although the performance of RBS connection has been widely studied, this connection has not been subject to in the skewed conditions. In this study, the seismic performance of dogbone connection was investigated at different angles. The Commercial ABAQUS software was used to simulate the samples. The numerical results are first compared with experimental results to verify the accuracy. Nonlinear static analysis with von Mises yield criterion materials and the finite elements method were used to analyze the behavior of the samples The selected Hardening Strain of materials at cyclic loading and monotonic loading were kinematics and isotropic respectively The results show that in addition to reverse twisting of columns, change in beam angle relative to the central axis of the column has little impact on hysteresis response of samples. Any increase in the angle, leads to increased non-elastic resistance. As for Weak panel zone, with increase of the angle between the beam and the column, the initial submission will take place at a later time and at a larger rotation angle in the panel zone and this represents reduced amount of perpendicular force exerted on the column flange. In balanced and strong panel zones, with increase in the angle between the beam and the central axis of the column, the reduced beam section (RBS), reaches the failure limit faster and at a lower rotation angle. In connection of skewed beam, balanced panel zone, due to its good performance in disposition of plasticity process away from connection points and high energy absorption, is the best choice for panel zone. The ratio of maximum moment developed on the column was found to be within 0.84 to 1 plastic anchor point, which shows prevention of brittle fracture in connections.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.377-388
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• 2010

HSB600 및 HSB800 고성능강재를 적용한 정모멘트부 강합성거더의 휨거동을 비선형 모멘트-곡률 해석법으로 분석하였다. 연성특성이 다른 3개의 대표적인 강합성거더 기본 단면을 선정하여 모멘트-곡률 해석법으로 모멘트-곡률 이력과 휨저항강도를 구하고 비선형 유한요소해석 프로그램 ABAQUS(2008)로 구한 결과와 비교하여 모멘트-곡률 해석 프로그램을 검증하였다. 비선형 유한요소해석 시에는 플랜지, 복부판 및 콘크리트 바닥판을 판요소로 모델링하여 3차원 강합성거더 유한요소모델을 적용했으며 초기변형과 단면의 잔류응력을 고려하여 해석하였다. 강합성거더 단면에서 콘크리트 바닥판의 28일 압축강도는 30~50MPa를 고려하였으며, 콘크리트 재료는 CEB-FIP(1990) 모델로, 일반 강재와 HSB600 및 HSB800 고성능 강재는 탄소성-변형경화 재료로 모델링하였다. 강합성단면의 연성비, 강거더의 강종, 콘크리트 바닥판의 압축강도, 소성중립축의 위치 등이 강합성거더의 연성특성 및 휨저항강도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.