• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2003

Mechanical properties of the materials used for transportations and industrial machinery under high strain rate loading conditions such as high impact loading are required to provide appropriate safety assessment to varying dynamically leaded mechanical structures. The Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB) technique with a special experimental apparatus can be used to obtain the material behavior under high strain rate ]ending conditions. In this paper, the dynamic deformation behavior of a brass under both high strain rate compressive loading conditions has been determined using the SHPB technique.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.172-175
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to predict the forming limit diagram (FLD) of strain-rate sensitive materials on the basis of the Marciniak and Kuczynski (M-K) theory. The strain-rate effect is taken into consideration in such a way that the stress-strain curves for various strain-rates are inputted into the formulation as point data, not as curve-fitted models such as power function. To solve the nonlinear system of equations derived from the equilibrium and constraints in the groove region and the safe zone, the Newton-Raphson method is used. The theoretical FLDs using four different yield criteria, that are von Mises, Hill (1948), Hill (1979), Logan and Hosford, are compared with the experimental, numerical (FEA) and other theoretical results. A new trial is made where a modified M-K model having n-step grooves is introduced to describe a real localized neck.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2010

Yttria stabilized zirconia (Y-CSZ) single crystals show plastic deformation at high temperatures by activating dislocations. The effect of strain rate on the plastic behavior of this crystal was studied. As increasing strain rate from $\varepsilon=1.04\times10^{-5} sec^{-1}$ to $2.08\times10^{-5} sec^{-1}$ the yield drop was suppressed and resulted in higher Young's modulus and yield stress. Dislocation structures of the strained crystals were analyzed using a transmission electron microscope to elucidate the plastic behavior of these crystals. In the early stage of plastic deformation, dislocation dipoles and prismatic dislocation loops were formed in both samples. However, dislocation density was increased by increasing strain rate. Strong sessile dislocations were observed in the sample with higher strain rate, which may cause the higher work hardening.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.132-137
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• 2006

This paper is concerned with the thermo-mechanical behavior including temperature dependent strain-rate sensitivity of steel sheet for an auto-body. In order to identify the temperature dependent strain-rate sensitivity of SPRC35R and SPRC45E, uniaxial tension tests are performed with the variation of the strain-rates from 0.001 /sec to 200 /sec at environmental temperatures varied from $-40^{\circ}C\;to\;200^{\circ}C$. The thermo-mechanical response at the quasi-static state is obtained with the static tensile test and at the intermediate strain-rate is from the high speed tensile test. Experimental results show that the strain-rate sensitivity increases at low temperature. It represents that as the strain-rate increases, the variation of flow stress becomes sensitive on the temperature. The results indicate that the flow stress of SPRC35R is more dependent on the changes of strain-rate and temperature than those of SPRC45E.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.617-622
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• 2012

구조부재는 정적, 동적 또는 충격과 같은 다양한 하중의 영향을 받고 있다. 결과적으로 이와 같은 하중의 영향이 고려된 재료의 물성치를 획득하기 위해 각 조건에 적합한 실험적 또는 해석적 방법이 수반되어야 한다. 일반적으로 고변형률 속도에서 재료의 기계적 물성을 얻는 방법으로써 홉킨슨 압력봉 시험법(SHPB)이 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 SHPB 시험을 통해 충격 하중 조건에서 알루미늄 합금의 압축변형거동을 고찰하였으며, 실험결과와 해석결과를 비교, 분석하였다. 결론적으로 1000 ~ 2000 $s^{-1}$ 영역에서 진응력-진변형률 곡선을 비교하였을 때 실험 결과와 해석 결과가 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 특히, 변형률 속도가 30% 증가함에 따라 최대유동응력은 17%증가, 변형률은 20% 증가함을 확인하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2016

The high temperature deformation behavior of $Ni_3Al$ and $Ni_3(Al,Mo)$ single crystals that were oriented near <112> was investigated at low strain rates in the temperature range above the flow stress peak temperature. Three types of behavior were found under the present experimental conditions. In the relatively high strain rate region, the strain rate dependence of the flow stress is small, and the deformation may be controlled by the dislocation glide mainly on the {001} slip plane in both crystals. At low strain rates, the octahedral glide is still active in $Ni_3Al$ above the peak temperature, but the active slip system in $Ni_3(Al,Mo)$ changes from octahedral glide to cube glide at the peak temperature. These results suggest that the deformation rate controlling mechanism of $Ni_3Al$ is viscous glide of dislocations by the <110>{111} slip, whereas that of $Ni_3(Al,Mo)$ is a recovery process of dislocation climb in the substructures formed by the <110>{001} slip. The results of TEM observation show that the characteristics of dislocation structures are uniform distribution in $Ni_3Al$ and subboundary formation in $Ni_3(Al,Mo)$. Activation energies for deformation in $Ni_3Al$ and $Ni_3(Al,Mo)$ were obtained in the low strain rate region. The values of the activation energy are 360 kJ/mol for $Ni_3Al$ and 300 kJ/mol for $Ni_3(Al,Mo)$.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2015

A subsea pipeline for oil/gas transportation or gas injection is subjected to extreme variations in internal pressure and temperature, which can involve a strain rate effect on the pipeline material. This paper describes the flow stress characteristics of a pipeline material called API 5L X52N PSL2, using and experimental approach. High-speed tensile tests were carried out for two metal samples taken from the base and weld parts. The target temperature was 100℃, but two other temperature levels of –20℃and 0℃ were taken into account. Three strain rates were also considered for each temperature level: quasi static, 1/s, and 10/s. Flow stress data were proposed for each temperature level according to these strain rates. The dynamic hardening behaviors of the base and weld metals appeared to be nonlinear on the log-scale strain rate axis. A very high material constant value was required for the Cowper-Symonds constitutive equation to support the experimental results.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.225-232
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• 2008

To understand the effect of the cyclic strain rate on the environmentally assisted cracking behaviors of SA508 Gr.1a low alloy steel in deoxygenated water at $310^{\circ}C$, the fatigue surface and a sectioned area of specimens were observed after low cycle fatigue tests. On the fatigue surface of the specimen tested at a strain rate of 0.008 %/s, unclear ductile striations and a blunt crack tip were observed. Therefore, metal dissolution could be the main cracking mechanism of the material at this strain rate. On the other hand, on the fatigue surfaces of the specimens tested at strain rates of 0.04 and 0.4 %/s, brittle cracks and flat facets, which are evidences of the hydrogen induced cracking, were observed. In addition, a tendency of linkage between the main crack and the micro-cracks was observed on the sectioned area. Therefore, at higher strain rates, the main cracking mechanism could be hydrogen induced cracking. Additionally, evidence of the dissolved MnS inclusions was observed on the fatigue surface from energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer analyses. Thus, despite the low sulfur content of the test material, the sulfides seem to contribute to environmentally assisted cracking of SA508 Gr.1a low alloy steel in deoxygenated water at $310^{\circ}C$.

• 적정기술학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.2-25
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 일반적으로 협동 로봇의 스킨으로 사용될 수 있는 고분자 재료 선정 및 기계적 특성 검사를 진행하고, 각 재료에 대한 성별 선호도 설문조사를 진행하였다. 조사는 20~30세의 근무자 225명(남: 124명, 여: 101명)을 대상으로 작업 중 로봇과 가장 많이 접촉하는 어깨, 팔꿈치 별로 선정된 Dragon-skin, Ecoflex, 및 polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)에 대한 성별에 따른 선호도 조사로 진행하였다. 설문은 각각 설문자들이 느끼는 재료에 대한 인식 단단함, 끈적임, 익숙함, 선호도 4종류로 구분하여 진행되었고, 단단함과 끈적임은 각각 재료의 변형률과 접촉각으로 측정되었다. 선호도 조사 결과, 여성은 변형률이 작은, 더 단단한 재료를 선호하는 반면, 남성은 변형률이 큰 부드러운 재료를 선호했다. 성별에 따른 선호도와 관련하여 재료의 특성을 평가한 결과, 여성은 끈적임이 낮고 변형률이 낮은 Dragon-skin을 선호하는 경향이 있는 반면, 남성은 끈적임에 관계없이 변형률이 높은 Ecoflex를 선호하는 경향이 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 이러한 결과는 협동 로봇 스킨 제작을 고려할 때 재료 선택에 기준이 될 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1412-1419
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• 2002

Dynamic shear tests for the tough-pitch copper at high strain and high strain rate was performed. The Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) compression test system was modified to yield a shear deformation in the specimen. Hat-shaped specimens for the tough-pitch copper were adopted to generate high strain of γ=3～4 and high strain-rate of γ= 10$^4$/s. The dynamic analysis by ABAQUS 5.5/EXPLICIT code verified that shear zone can be localized in hat-shaped specimens. A proper impact velocity and the axial length of the shear localization region wert determined through the elastic wave analysis. The displacement in a hat-shaped specimen is limited by a spacer ring which was installed between the specimen and the incident bar. The shear bands were obtained by measuring the direction of shear deformation and the width of deformed grain in the shear zone. The decrease of specimen length has been measured on the optical displacement transducer. Dynamic shear stress-strain relations in the tough-pitch copper were obtained at two strain-rates.