• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.422-432
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare straight and tapered implant designs in terms of marginal bone loss, the modified plaque index (mPI), and the modified bleeding index (mBI) for 5 years after functional loading. Methods: Twelve patients were recruited. Two types of implants were placed adjacent to each other: 1 straight implant and 1 tapered implant. Marginal bone loss, mPI, and mBI were measured every year for 5 years after loading. Results: The straight implants showed 0.2±0.4 mm of marginal bone loss at 5 years after loading, while the tapered implants showed 0.2±0.3 mm of marginal bone loss; this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.833). Our analysis also showed no statistically significant differences in mPI (straight implants: 0.3±0.3 vs. tapered implants: 0.2±0.3; P=0.414) or in mBI (straight implants: 0.3±0.4 vs. tapered implants: 0.2±0.3; P=0.317) at 5 years after prosthesis delivery. Conclusions: Straight and tapered implants showed no significant differences with respect to marginal bone loss, mPI, and mBI for 5 years after loading.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.200-206
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• 2008

본 논문은 음성신호의 주파수를 반으로 나누어 양자화 계수 추출에 직선과 DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform)를 혼합하여 사용한 양자화 기법을 제안한다. 하모닉 부호화기에서의 하모닉은 가변이므로 저주파에서의 하모닉만을 오버샘플링하여 차원을 고정한다. 고정된 차원의 스펙트럼 포락선을 직선으로 표현한 후 직선이 불연속인 주파수에서의 샘플값만을 전송한다. 이 논문에서는 저주파에서의 하모닉은 복원을 위해 고정된 직선의 계수를 사용하였고 고주파에서의 하모닉은 가변 DCT를 적용하여 직선과 DCT가 격합된 형태의 양자화기법을 제안한다. 제안된 양자화 기법의 성능평가는 스펙트럴의 크기값에 대한 Spectral Distortion (SD)값을 사용하였다. 실험결과 HVXC보다 제안된 양자화 기법의 SD가 0.3dB 정도 개선되었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.492-505
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• 2007

Statement of problem: An orthodontic miniscrew implant has been used as a skeletal anchorage for orthodontic treatment. However, any relation among the influence of the cortical bone, morphologic differences of orthodontic miniscrew implants and new bone formation hasn't been made clear yet. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the orthodontic miniscrew implant could work as an intraoral skeletal anchorage immediately and stably for orthodontic treatment after insertion of it. Material and methods: Two types of orthodontic miniscrew implants were used in this experiment; tapered type and straight type. One hundred and sixty eight orthodontic miniscrew implants were inserted into the tibiae of 21 rabbits and sacrificed on 3, 7, 11, 14, 21 and 28days later after insertion of them to study removal torque values and histologic and histomorphometric analyses. Results: The results were as follows. 1. The removal torque values of the tapered type were higher than those of the straight type in all groups(p<0.05). 2. There wasn't any distinguishing differences between the tapered type and the straight type about the new bone formation percentage. 3. The removal torque values for both the tapered type and the straight type were gradually decreased at early stages of the test but started to increase at the 7 days group of the straight type and the 11 days group of the tapered type. 4. New bone formation percentage was increased gradually for both the tapered and the straight types as time passed(p<0.05). 5. It was found that the tapered type showed lower values in the cortical bone about both the maximum equilibratory stress distribution and the maximum principal stress distribution than the straight type in linear finite elements analysis. Conclusion: According to the research, the removal torque values were decreased at 7 days group of the tapered type and 11 days group of the straight type after the insertion of the orthodontic miniscrew implants in tibiae of rabbits. Considering the human bone activity, it is better to apply the orthodontic force $3{\sim}4$ weeks later than to apply it immediately after the insertion of orthodontic miniscrew implants. Considering that general orthodontic force is about $250{\sim}500$ grams, the tapered type can be worked as a stable skeletal anchor age in an orthodontic treatment even if the orthodontic force is applied on it immediately after the insertion of it.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2004

본 연구는 2000년 일부 구간이 자연형 하천으로 복원된 불광천을 대상으로 하여 한 하천 내에 정비방식이 다른 직강화 하천구간과 자연형 하천복원구간으로 구분하여 식물상 및 식물종의 출현빈도를 비교 분석하였다. 조사는 2003년 5월과 8-9월에 걸쳐 이루어졌으며, 식물상은 하천의 양안에 출현한 모든 식물을 동정하여 정리하였고. 식생은 200m를 기준으로 하여 Belt-transect 방법을 이용하였다. 2003년 5월 및 8-9월은 직강화 하천구간에서는 33과 73속 88종의 식물이 출현하였고. 자연형 하천복원구간은 36과 76속 90종의 식물이 출현하였다. 귀화율 (Naturalized Index：Nl)은 직강화 하천구간은 22.7%, 자연형 하천복원구간은 21.1%였고, 도시화지수 (Urbanization Index：Ul)는 직강화 하천구간이 7.8%. 자연형 하천복원구간이 74%로 직강화 하천구간이 자연형 하천복원구간보다 약간 높았다. Belt-transect 조사법에 의한 식물종 출현빈도 결과는 직강화 하천구간에서는 하안에는 여뀌와 환삼덩굴이 제방에는 망초와 큰비짜루국화가 가장 높은 출현빈도를 보였다. 이에 반해 자연형 하천복원구간에서는 하안에는 갯버들, 여뀌, 소리쟁이. 환삼덩굴이, 제방에는 망초와 큰비짜루국화가 가장 높은 출현빈도를 보였다. 즉 직강화 하천구간과 자연형 하천복원 구간은 제방에는 구간에 따른 차이가 없고, 하안의 경우에는 자연형 하천복원구간에 도입된 갯버들이 출현하여 차별을 보였다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.47-58
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analyze the historical and environmental background of the straight-line-shaped plan emerged in northeast region of China during the Qing dynasty. This raper is mainly based on the writings in Yeon-haeng-rok. The results are summarized as follows: First the necessity of a lot of sunshine due to the cold climate in that region made the people select the plan that rooms to be added side by side. Second, it was not necessary to build the house with non-straight-line-shaped plan due to the reason that the northeast region of China is so vast and the size of the house lot was not limited. Third, the condition of family income somewhat affect the shape of plan to be straight-line-shaped, which is much economical to construct a house than other shape of plan. Fourth, the way of living of the people in that region during the Qing dynasty made the house plan straight-line-shaped which is convenient to sit either on the floor or on the chair within a room. Fifth, straight-line-shaped plan became an adequate means to represent the hierarchy of the use of inner space of a house and eventually became an architectural norm of this region.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.2120-2125
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• 2015

In this paper, a rectangular waveguide probe with a ridge-loaded straight slot (RLSS) is presented for a near-field scanning microwave microscope (NSMM). The RLSS is located laterally at the end wall of the cavity and is loaded on double ridges in a narrow straight slot to improve the spatial resolution compared with a straight slot. The probe consists of a rectangular cavity with an RLSS and a feed section of a WR-90 rectangular waveguide. When the proposed NSMM is located at distance of 0.1mm in front of a substrate without patches or strips, the simulated full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the probe improve by approximately 31.5 % compared with that of a straight slot without ridges. One dimensional scanning of the E-plane on a sample under test was conducted, and the reflection coefficient of the near-field scanning probe is presented.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제53권
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• pp.181-206
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• 2012

The straight bill of lading is regarded as the documents of title except in American law after The Rafaela S case. The Carewins case also decided that the exclusion clause of bill of lading did not exempt carriers from liability when the carriers delivered the cargo to the consignee without the production of original bill of lading. And the court said that the carrier was responsible for delivering the goods against a forged bill of lading regardless of exemption clause of bill of lading in the Motis case. It may be assumed through these cases that the straight bill of lading as a document of title gives documentary security to the banks in trade finance. However, there can be some downside to the efficacy of the straight bill of lading as collateral. First, when it is subject to the English law, the shipper can arbitrarily change the consignee different from the one named in the document. Second, some bills of lading bear provisions relating to the carrier delivering the goods upon reasonable proof of identity without the surrender of an original and/or genuine bill of lading.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of breathing exercises via joint mobilization on the lung function and spinal alignment of 30 straight-necked women in their 20 s and 30 s. METHODS: The participants were divided into two groups: an experimental group who performed breathing exercises via joint mobilization, and a control group who performed general stretching exercises. The differences between the two groups were measured and compared at three points in time: during the pre-examination, after four weeks of intervention, and after a four-week maintenance period. The changes in each group were measured before and after the intervention and after a one-month maintenance period and compared. For data analysis, the SPSS 22 was used to obtain the mean and standard deviation with a significance level of α = .05. RESULTS: Eight weeks of breathing exercises via joint mobilization and general stretching exercises positively impacted the lung function and spinal alignment in straight-necked patients. In particular, the experimental group showed more significant differences in spinal alignment after four weeks period of intervention and four weeks of maintenance. CONCLUSION: Breathing exercises via joint mobilization can be considered an effective intervention that can improve the respiratory volume and spinal alignment for patients with straight necks.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.767-774
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• 2008

This paper presented the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics for micro plate heat exchanger with straight channel. The metal sheets for straight channel are manufactured by chemical etching and fabricated micro plate heat exchangers by using the vacuum brazing of bonding technology. The performance experiments are performed within the Reynolds numbers range of 15$\sim$250 under the same flow rate conditions for hot and cold sides. The inlet temperature of hot and cold water are conducted in the range of $30^{\circ}C{\sim}50^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C{\sim}25^{\circ}C$, respectively. Heat transfer rate and pressure drop are evaluated by the Reynolds numbers and mass flow rates as the inlet temperature variations of the hot and cold sides. Correlations of Nusselt number and friction factor are suggested for micro plate heat exchanger with straight channel using the results of performance experiment.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.2161-2166
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• 2015

본 논문은 주성분 분석을 이용한 직선 검출 알고리즘을 분석하여 새로운 두 기능이 추가된 개선된 알고리즘을 제안한다. 첫 번째 기능은 검출된 직선을 통해 무효 화소를 제거하고 다시 직선을 검출하는 것이고, 두 번째 기능은 겹치지 않는 블록들에서 직선 검출을 통해 후보 직선들 선택하고, 각 후보 직선의 주변 화소들을 이용해 유효 직선을 검출하는 것이다. 제안된 알고리즘은 정제된 직선 영상에서는 기존 알고리즘보다 적은 계산량으로 더 정확한 직선을 검출하고 있다.