• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.531-539
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine the storage characteristics of Makphyun, a kind of rice cake, containing peach and Makgeolli. The effect of peach paste (0, 5, 10 or 20%) on the storage qualities of Makphyun was evaluated during storage at $20{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 3 days. As the amount of peach paste increased, the loss of water in peach Makphyun decreased during storage. The sugar concentration ($^{\circ}Brix$) increased with the amount of peach paste. Textural properties by TPA showed that the hardness of Makphyun containing 20% peach paste was the lowest among the treated samples. However, the hardness of all Makphyuns increased during storage, regardless of the amount of peach paste. In accordance with texture results, DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) showed that the enthalpy of Makphyun with 20% peach addition was the lowest, demonstrating the delaying effect of peach paste on the retrogradation of rice cake. From these results, it was determined that the addition of peach to Makphyn extends shelf-life by delaying retrogradation.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1091-1095
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• 2009

The aim of this study investigated the fluctuations of 3 characters from 3 ecotypes [early ripening (ER), middle ripening (MR), and late ripening (LR)] of 20 Korean brown rice cultivars in different storage systems [time: 12 and 24 weeks, temperature: low ($10^{\circ}C$) and room ($25^{\circ}C$)]. With increase of storage time and temperature, lipoxygenase activity, and fat acidity increased, whereas germination rate was reduced. ER cultivars exhibited the highest lipoxygenase activity of $35.49{\pm}2.46$ unit/mg protein during 24 weeks storage at $25^{\circ}C$, followed by LR ($32.73{\pm}1.33$) and MR ($32.66{\pm}1.62$) cultivars. The amounts of fat acidity also were observed by the same order (ER: $20.40{\pm}2.12$>LR: $19.68{\pm}1.86$>MR: $19.64{\pm}1.35$ mg KOH/100 g). Germination rate slightly decreased with increase of time and temperature (MR>LR>ER), but MR and LR cultivars showed the most significant changes (ER: $60.90{\pm}23.47%$, MR: $32.66{\pm}13.95%$, and LR: $32.53{\pm}5.87%$). On the basis of above results, MR cultivars were evaluated the highest quality, because high lipoxygenase activity, high fat acidity, and low germination rate have deteriorated in quality and generated off-odor. Thus, MR cultivars might be very important sources in food processing and stored dietary supplement aspects.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.1438-1443
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• 2009

쌀빵 냉동반죽에 첨가제로 gum, 유화제 및 효소제를 복합처리하여 반죽한 후 $-20^{\circ}C$에서 냉동 보관하면서 냉동반죽의 저장기간에 따른 쌀빵의 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 유화제인 sodium stearoyl lactylate(SSL)와 gum류인 guar gum을 각각 0.5%, 그리고 효소제로 곰팡이 $\alpha$-amylase를 0.01% 수준으로 첨가하여 사용하였다. 냉동반죽의 저장 중 쌀빵의 부피는 냉동기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하였는데, 첨가제를 넣지 않은 대조구 반죽에 비해 guar gum+SSL+곰팡이 $\alpha$-amylase를 복합첨가 한 반죽이 냉동 4주 경과 후에도 쌀빵 제조시 부피의 감소폭이 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 쌀빵의 경도 변화에 있어서 대조구 냉동반죽의 냉동저장 기간이 증가함에 따라 그리고 쌀빵의 제조 후 시간이 경과할수록 경도의 변화가 큰 반면, guar gum+SSL 첨가한 쌀빵과 guar gum+SSL+곰팡이 $\alpha$-amylase를 복합첨가 한 쌀빵은 저장기간에 따른 경도의 증가폭이 현저하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. Gum/유화제/효소제의 복합첨가는 쌀가루 냉동반죽의 저장기간 경과에 따른 쌀빵의 부피 감소를 개선하고 노화를 억제하는 효과를 주어 냉동반죽 쌀빵의 품질에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1213-1221
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• 1997

올리고당이 가래떡의 조직감변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 당 조성이 다른 3가지 올리고당류 (M75, HL, G4)를 쌀가루에 고형분대치로 10% 까지 첨가하여 제조한 후 실온$(25^{\circ}C)$과 냉장$(4^{\circ}C)$ 조건하에서 5일간 보관하연서 조직감의 변화를 기계적으로 측정하였다. 가래떡의 조직감특성은 사용된 올리고당의 종류, 첨가농도, 보관온도 및 보관기간에 따라 유의적인 차이(p<0.0001)를 나타내므로 이들이 모두 가래떡의 견고성, 응집성, 탄성, 검성 및 씹힘성에 영향이 있음을 나타내었다. 모든 시료는 올리고당을 첨가하였을 때, 올리고당을 첨하지 않은 경우보다, 올리고당의 종류나 보관온도에 관계없이 시간경과에 따라 낮은 조직감 변화를 보였으며, 당농도가 증가할수록 조직감의 변화는 감소하는 경향으로 가래떡의 관능적 품질의 안정화에 효과를 보였다 특히 DE값이 높은 M75및 HL이 G4보다 노화억제에 더욱 기여하였으며 isomaltose 및 panose의 함량이 높은 HL이 maltose가 주성분인 M75보다 노화억제효과가 더 높았다. 호화된 전분젤을 $4^{\circ}C$에서 7일간 저장한 후 DSC를 이용하여 전분의 노화현상을 측정한 결과, 올리고당을 첨가했을 때 호화개시온도가 처음보다 낮아졌으며, 올리고당의 첨가농도가 증가함에 따라 재결정도는 낮은 비율을 나타냈다. 올리고당의 종류중 maltotetraose가 주성분인 G4보다 이당류, 삼당류가 주성분인 M75와 HL의 노화지연효과가 큰 것으로 나타났고, 특히 HL은 5%첨가로도 약 15%의 높은 전분 재결정화 억제효과를 나타내므로 조직감 측정 결과와 비교적 일치된 결과를 보였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.432-438
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• 2013

This study was conducted to compare seed viability among 42 species after ten years of storage in the midterm storage complex ($4^{\circ}C$, 30-40% RH) at the National Agrobiodiversity Center (NAC) Korean genebank maintained by the Rural Development Administration (RDA), Republic of Korea and to suggest the relative seed longevity and suitable monitoring intervals. The germination data from initial tests and after ten years of storage were compared to measure changes in viability during storage. The decline in seed viability varied greatly among seeds from -11.5% for Triticum sp. to 80% for melon. Coriander, crowndaisy, safflower, cosmos, Chinesebellflower, waxgourd, melon, castorbean, Welch-onion, hollyhock, wild barley, and tallfescue showed significant decreases in viability of 34.2%, 73.4%, 36.5%, 30.0%, 40.2%, 71.3%, 80.0%, 65.9%, 45.5%, 51.4%, 53.0%, and 33.5%, respectively. Gardenpea, soybean, perilla, onion, wild rice, Italian-ryegrass, and pepper showed a 15-30% decline in viability, while the viability of morningglory, adzukibean, maize, and Capsicum sp. decreased by 15% to 5%. Chicory, radish, Chinese-cabbage, bottlegourd, watermelon, cucumber, pumpkin, Cucurbita sp., groundnut, kidneybean, clubwheat, sesame, wheat, Triticum sp., rice, barley, orchardgrass, buckwheat, and wild tomato showed changes in viability of <5%. The changes in storage viability also varied within families. The wild types of rice and barley showed rapid viability loss and presented different aspects from cultivars. Since seed viability of species, classified as index 1 or 2, showed germination losses >15% after ten years of storage, a viability test should be conducted with five year intervals, while species with germination loss of <15% (in index 3 or 4) can be retested at ten year intervals.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2022

Packages of different atmospheres (air (control), 100% CO₂, vacuum, and vacuum + O₂ absorber) were prepared for 0.4 kg rice cake (ddukgukdduk) using gas-barrier plastic film and stored at 10℃ for 11 days. The stored products were evaluated in their packages atmosphere, total aerobic bacteria, yeast and molds, texture and sensory quality during storage period. In the air package, the O₂ concentration decreased from initial 21% to 16% on storage 4 days and the CO₂ concentration increased to 23% on storage of 11 days, which resulted from the growth of microorganisms. CO₂ concentration decreased from initial 98% to 36% on storage 11 days in the 100% CO₂ package. It is reasoned that CO₂ was dissolved into the product reducing the volume of the package. Vacuum and vacuum +O₂ absorber package maintained shrunk vacuum condition until 11 days of storage. Total aerobic bacteria count increased significantly in the control package (6.41 log (cfu/g) after 11 days) compared to the 100% CO₂ package (4.96 log (cfu/g) after 11 days). Yeast and molds were 6.66 in control package, 3.43 in 100% CO₂ package, 4.66 in vacuum package, and 3.78 in vacuum + O₂ absorber package after 11 days. There was no significant difference between control and the other treatments for the texture of the stored products. Sensory quality was the worst in control package on the storage of 8 days. All treatment groups except control improved the quality preservation, but vacuum and vacuum + O₂ absorber packages suffered from cracking of the product. Thus 100% CO₂ flushing is suggested as a desired packaging condition.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.71-86
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• 1991

This study was attempted to enhance nutritional value of cooked rice by adding milk in cooking water. Cooked and soaked rice with five different levels of milk in cooking water (0%, A: 30%, B: 50%, C: 70%, D: 100%, E) was tested for rheological parameters, fine structural changes, sensory evaluation. 1. Water absorbance of raw rice in cooking water with varying amountes of milk, was tested at $5^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Water absorption ratio was decreased as milk content was increased and soaking temperature was low. Time for maximum water absorption of sample A was 40 min at 1$15^{\circ}C$ but for sample B to D, it was not reached until 120 min. 2. Electronmicroscopic observation revealed that starch granules of rice lost their regular forms by soaking for 90 minutes, but recovered most of initial regularity after 24 hours. Increase in milk content of soaking water decreased marginal sharpness of the starch granule, presumably due to reduced swelling of the granule. 3. Degree of gelatinization of cooked rice was highest in sample A and progressively decreased as milk content was increased. It was, however, increased in all samples when the cooking water to rice ratio was raised from 160% to 180%. During 4 hour storage, rates of retrogradation were not different between A and B samples, but those of C, D and E were about 2.5 times higher than A and B under the optimal condition of 170% cooking water to rice ratio. This was in the order reverse to hardness order of AC>A, D＞E at cooking water to rice ratios of 160% and 170%, above which A sample surpassed the rest of samples. 4. Sensory evaluation conducted by fifteen university students as panelists showed that there were more significant differences among five samples in flavour, texture than appearance and a notable preference for b and C over A, D and E.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.160-165
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• 2006

This study intends to present basic materials for the development and production of functional dumpling skins by making rice flour-added functional dumpling skins and analyzing the nature of its quality. The moisture content of dumpling skins increased with high addition of rice flour. The color value of dumpling skins changed little with high addition of rice flour. The hardness of dumpling skins showed significant difference in all storage periods with the addition of rice flour. For the sensory properties of dumpling skins with the addition of rice flour, where 25% and 50% rice-flour were added, dumpling skins showed a high score in overall quality for O-day and 7-days of storage. In particular, the 50% rice-flour dumpling skin mixture indicated the highest score. For the correlation between textural and sensory properties according to the addition of rice flour, 0 day-stored dumpling skins showed a positive correlation between smoothness and moistness in the mouth feel and the overall quality (p<0.01) in the sensory properties. Wheat odor (r=0.68) and chewiness (r=0.65) also correlated positively with overall quality (p<0.05). Hardness in textural properties correlated positively with moistness (r=0.69) and the mouth feel (r=0.65) of dumpling skins (p<0.05). Hardness in textural properties correlated positively with adhesiveness (r=0.99) and chewiness (r=0.93, p<0.01). Dumpling skins stored for 7 days showed a positive correlation between hardness, chewiness, and moistness in the mouth feel and overall quality (p<0.05) in the sensory properties. Hardness in textural properties correlated positively with gumminess (r=0.65, p<0.05).

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제33권s01호
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• pp.1-17
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• 1988

Rice Quality is considered to the five catagories ; the nutritional value: the characteristics of cooking. eating and processing: grain size, shape and appearance : milling yields: and storage characteristics. Because most rice is processed and consumed in whole-kernel form. the cooking and eating quality is of important and the physical properties of the intact kernel such as size, shape and general appearance are of particular significance in determining marketing quality. Eating Quality which can be directly evaluated by consumer's panel test is so complicate and variable, and thus the objective and simplified method of evaluation is required of using appropriate instruments. Even though many researches have been done to evaluate the eating quality in various aspects such as the texture of cooked rice kernels, amylogram analysis of rice powder, amylose content. gelatinization temperature. moisture absorption of rice kernel, and cooking characteristics, none of them is satisfied for the evaluation of eating quality. The improving eating quality should be also considered to many cultural factors. such as varieties, climatic and soil conditions, cultural method, handling after harvest. milling and storage conditions. In Korea, many researches in grain size. shape and appearance, and eating quality have been done with the varietal improvement mainly by rice breeders, but no effective method of evaluation was established. A few research have been done in the relationship between rice quality and cultural factors. In the future, research in rice quality should emphasize to establish the standard evaluation method in the physicochemical properties of rice kernels for application of varietal selection. and to develop cultural practices for the preserving quality characteristics of the varieties.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.147-157
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• 1997

It attempted to determine the effect of various thawing methods, such as pressure cooking, conventional cooking, microwave heating and thawing at room temperature, on the quality of frozen cooked rice using Nongan variety of rice. These effects were analysed at three different periods-after 10 days, 30 days and 90 days. It conducted a physico-chemical analysis(moisture content, dehydration rates, color value and texture) and sensory evaluation o the frozen-thawed cooked rice. The study showed that there were no significant differences on the frozen-thawed cooked rice. The study showed that there were no significant differences on the quality characteristics of frozen-thawed cooked rice during the storage of 90 days. However, the thawing method of pressure cooking caused high moisture content and decrease in hardness on the cooked rice, the desirability for the rice didn't diminish compared with the cooked rice just after cooking. the quality characteristics of the cooked rice after frozen-thawing by conventional cooking and microwave heating were similar with that of the cooked rice just after cooking. thawing at room temperature caused a significant decrease in quality characteristics.