• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제8A권4호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2001

멀티미디어 서버 시스템은 고용량이어야 하며 지속적으로 늘어나는 사용자수 뿐만 아니라 추가되는 새로운 저장 공간에 대한 우수한 확장성을 제공하여야 하는 것이 필수적이다. 일반적인 스트리밍 서비스의 경우, 사용자들은 시비스 초기의 지연시간에 어느 정도 관대한 편이지만 고풍질의 서비스를 요구한다. 스트림 서버는 동영상을 사용자에게 전달할 때 데이터 저장공간으로부터 실시간으로 전송하여야 한다. 그러나 현재의 범용 서버 시스템은 이러한 요구사항을 충분히 반영하지 못할 뿐만 이니라 늘어나는 사용자 부하와 시스템 요구에 대한 고려, 그리고 미디어 데이터에 대한 반영이 이루어지지 못하여 점차 증가되는 사용자의 고화질 미디어 서비스 요구 사항을 충족시키지 못하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 리녹스를 기반으로 구현한 실시간 스트림 서버 시스템의 확장성 있는 구조가 고 대역폭 고화질 On-Demand 서버로서 효율적인 대안임을 보이며, 또한 QoS 요구 보장과 효율적인 시스템 관리 정책을 제시하여 범용 서버를 멀티미디어 저장 및 스트리밍에 적합한 환경의 클러스터로 구성하는 방법을 제시한다. 이 시스템의 특징은 서비스하고자 하는 파일들을 각 병별 저장 시스템에 쪼개어 저장하는 시스템 RAID 기술을 사 용하여 사용자 요구시 동시에 데이터를 전송하여 줌으로써 단일 미디어 서버보다 훨씬 우수한 성공을 발휘한다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.493-501
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• 2016

In-network storage is an effective technique for avoiding network congestion and reducing power consumption in continuous data collection in wireless sensor networks. In recent years, network coding based storage design has been proposed as a means to achieving ubiquitous access that permits any query to be satisfied by a few random (nearby) storage nodes. To maintain data consistency in continuous data collection applications, the readings of a sensor over time must be sent to the same set of storage nodes. In this paper, we present an efficient approach to updating data at storage nodes to maintain data consistency at the storage nodes without decoding out the old data and re-encoding with new data. We studied a transmission strategy that identifies a set of storage nodes for each source sensor that minimizes the transmission cost and achieves ubiquitous access by transmitting sparsely using the sparse matrix theory. We demonstrate that the problem of minimizing the cost of transmission with coding is NP-hard. We present an approximation algorithm based on regarding every storage node with memory size B as B tiny nodes that can store only one packet. We analyzed the approximation ratio of the proposed approximation solution, and compared the performance of the proposed coding approach with other coding schemes presented in the literature. The simulation results confirm that significant performance improvement can be achieved with the proposed transmission strategy.

• 태양에너지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.44-52
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• 1991

본 연구의 목적은 주거용 태양열 온수이용에 있어서 성층저장의 잠점을 평가하고 최적의 설계변수를 제시하되 실험이 아닌 시뮬레이션을 통한다는 것이다. 그 결과는 다음과 같으며 실험의 결과들과 잘 일치함을 보였다. 1. 탱크의 성층분활이 증가함에 따라서 태양부하율이 증가함을 보여 주었고 본 연구에서는 평균 10% 정도 증가함을 나타내었다. 2. 저장탱크의 높이 대 지름의 비가 3정도일 때가 태양부하율이 최대가 되었으며 그 이상이 되면 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 3. 집열기로 부터 저장탱크로 유입되는 온수의 유동율이 증가할 수록 완전혼합저장에서는 태양부하율이 증가하지만 성충저장에서는 유입율이 감소하는 것이 태양부하율을 증가시키는 결과가 되었다. 4. 이와 같은 결과로 성층축열시스템 전체적으로는 약 17%의 성능 향상을 기대할 수 있다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2006

In the present study, we compared six different solubilization buffers and optimized two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) conditions for human lymph node proteins. In addition, we developed a simple protocol for 2-D gel storage. Efficient solubilization was obtained with lysis buffers containing (a) 8M urea, 4% CHAPS (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate), 40 mM Tris base, 65 mM DTT(dithiothreitol) and 0.2% carrier ampholytes; (b) 5M urea, 2M thiourea, 2% CHAPS, 2% SB 3-10 (N-decyl-N, N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate), 40mM Tris base, 65 mM DTT and 0.2% carrier ampholytes or (c) 7M urea, 2M thiourea, 4% CHAPS, 65 mM DTT and 0.2% carrier ampholytes. The optimal protocol for isoelectric focusing (IEF) was accumulated voltage of 16,500 Vh and 0.6% DTT in the rehydration solution. In the experiments conducted for the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), best results were obtained with a doubled concentration (50 mM Tris, 384 mM glycine, 0.2% SDS) of the SDS electrophoresis buffer in the cathodic reservoir as compared to the concentration in the anodic reservoir (25 mM Tris, 192 mM glycine, 0.1% SDS). Among the five protocols tested for gel storing, success was attained when the gels were stored in plastic bags with 50% glycerol. This is the first report describing the successful solubilization and 2D-electrophoresis of proteins from human lymph node tissue and a 2-D gel storage protocol for easy gel handling before mass spectrometry (MS) analysis.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1182-1199
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• 2023

Fractional repetition (FR) codes can achieve exact uncoded repair for multiple failed nodes, with lower computational complexity and bandwidth overhead, and effectively improve repair performance in distributed storage systems (DSS). The actual distributed storage system is dynamic, that is, the parameters such as node storage overhead and number of storage nodes will change randomly and dynamically. Considering that traditional FR codes cannot be flexibly applied to dynamic distributed storage systems, a new construction scheme of adaptive-and-resolvable FR codes based on hypergraph coloring is proposed in this paper. Specifically, the linear uniform regular hypergraph can be constructed based on the heuristic algorithm of hypergraph coloring proposed in this paper. Then edges and vertices in hypergraph correspond to nodes and coded packets of FR codes respectively, further, FR codes is constructed. According to hypergraph coloring, the FR codes can achieve rapid repair for multiple failed nodes. Further, FR codes based on hypergraph coloring can be generalized to heterogeneous distributed storage systems. Compared with Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, simple regenerating codes (SRC) and locally repairable codes (LRC), adaptive-and-resolvable FR codes have significant advantages over repair locality, repair bandwidth overhead, computational complexity and time overhead during repairing failed nodes.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2015

Powering wireless sensors with energy harvested from the environment is coming of age due to the increasing power densities of both storage and harvesting devices and the electronics performing energy efficient energy conversion. In order to maximize the functionality of the wireless sensor network, minimize missing packets, minimize latency and prevent the waste of energy, problems like congestion and inefficient energy usage must be addressed. Many sleep-awake protocols and efficient message priority techniques have been developed to properly manage the energy of the nodes and to minimize congestion. For a WSN that is operating in a strictly energy constrained environment, an energy-efficient transmission strategy is necessary. In this paper, we present a novel transmission priority decision scheme for a heterogeneous body sensor network composed of normal nodes and an energy harvesting node that acts as a cluster head. The energy harvesting node's decision whether or not to clear a normal node for sending is based on a set of metrics which includes the energy harvesting node's remaining energy, the total harvested energy, the type of message in a normal node's queue and finally, the implementation context of the wireless sensor network.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.261-264
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• 2018

사물인터넷의 응용분야가 다변화 되면서 센서의 정보를 실시간으로 서버에 저장할 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 일반인이 서버를 구축해서 데이터를 수집하기 위해서는 기존의 PC와 저장공간을 확보하기 위해서는 많은 비용이 소요된다. 본 논문에서는 쉽게 낮은 가격으로 쉽게 클라우드 시스템을 구축할 수 있는 방안을 제시한다. 본 시스템은 Raspberry 오픈 하드웨어와 오픈소스인 Node-Red를 이용하여 간단하게 클라우드 시스템을 구축하는 방법을 제안하고 구현하는 과정을 제시한다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제6권5_6호
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• pp.661-673
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• 2010

This paper presents recent developments in an extremely compact, wireless impedance sensor node (the WID3, $\underline{W}$ireless $\underline{I}$mpedance $\underline{D}$evice) for use in high-frequency impedance-based structural health monitoring (SHM), sensor diagnostics and validation, and low-frequency (< ~1 kHz) vibration data acquisition. The WID3 is equipped with an impedance chip that can resolve measurements up to 100 kHz, a frequency range ideal for many SHM applications. An integrated set of multiplexers allows the end user to monitor seven piezoelectric sensors from a single sensor node. The WID3 combines on-board processing using a microcontroller, data storage using flash memory, wireless communications capabilities, and a series of internal and external triggering options into a single package to realize a truly comprehensive, self-contained wireless active-sensor node for SHM applications. Furthermore, we recently extended the capability of this device by implementing low-frequency analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters so that the same device can measure structural vibration data. The compact sensor node collects relatively low-frequency acceleration measurements to estimate natural frequencies and operational deflection shapes, as well as relatively high-frequency impedance measurements to detect structural damage. Experimental results with application to SHM, sensor diagnostics and low-frequency vibration data acquisition are presented.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.987-993
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• 2020

This study investigated the effective harvest of 'Kyoho' grapevines by examining their characteristics including bud development, necrosis types and flower primordium formation. The size of the axillary bud did not show any difference in the 5th node or more, but it was smaller because it was closer to the base in the 4th node or less. In the 1st node, the rates of main bud necrosis (MBN), accessory bud necrosis (ABN), and whole bud necrosis (WBN) were high, and the rate of flower primordium formation was low, but there was no significant difference in the other nodes. Therefore, it was expected that using other nodes than the 1st node would be advantageous to secure production. Because the growth progresses after sprouting, the main bud necrosis rate increases, showing a very low flower primordium formation rate in March of the following year. Therefore, a method is needed to increase the storage nutrients in the winter and the rate of flower primordium formation after March. This study found that the thickness of the shoots should be less than 8.5 mm between the 3rd and 4th nodes, and the length should be less than 60 cm for nodes up to the 10th node.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.4063-4086
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• 2016

Cloud computing is a robust technology, which facilitate to resolve many parallel distributed computing issues in the modern Big Data environment. Hadoop is an ecosystem, which process large data-sets in distributed computing environment. The HDFS is a filesystem of Hadoop, which process data blocks to the cluster nodes. The data block placement has become a bottleneck to overall performance in a Hadoop cluster. The current placement policy assumes that, all Datanodes have equal computing capacity to process data blocks. This computing capacity includes availability of same storage media and same processing performances of a node. As a result, Hadoop cluster performance gets effected with unbalanced workloads, inefficient storage-tier, network traffic congestion and HDFS integrity issues. This paper proposes a storage-tier-aware Robust Data Placement (RDP) scheme, which systematically resolves unbalanced workloads, reduces network congestion to an optimal state, utilizes storage-tier in a useful manner and minimizes the HDFS integrity issues. The experimental results show that the proposed approach reduced unbalanced workload issue to 72%. Moreover, the presented approach resolve storage-tier compatibility problem to 81% by predicting storage for block jobs and improved overall data block placement by 78% through pre-calculated computing capacity allocations and execution of map files over respective Namenode and Datanodes.